JAMB UTME - Chemistry - 2018

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Question 2 Report

2KClO3(g) MNO3? 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g)

The importance of the catalyst in the reaction above is that

heating may not be required before the reaction takes place

the reaction is controllable even at a high temperature

the reaction produces large quantity of oxygen

the reaction takes place more rapidly at a lower temperature Correct answer

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Read lesson note on Stoichiometry And Chemical Reactions (WAEC)

Stoichiometry And Chemical Reactions

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Question 3 Report

A basic postulate of the kinetic theory of gases is that the molecules of a gas move in straight lines between collisions. This implies that

collisions are perfectly elastic

forces of repulsion exis Correct answer

forces of repulsion and attraction are in equilibrium

collisions are inelastic

Answer Details

Read lesson note on Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws (JAMB)

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Question 4 Report

The collision theory explains reaction rates in terms of

size of the product

frequency of collision of the reactants Correct answer

size of reactant

frequency of collision of the products

Answer Details

The collision theory explains reaction rates in terms of the frequency of collision of the reactants. In other words, the theory suggests that for a chemical reaction to occur, the reactant particles must collide with sufficient energy and with the correct orientation. The frequency of these collisions is an important factor in determining the rate of the reaction. The more frequently the reactant particles collide, the more likely it is that they will react and form products. Therefore, increasing the frequency of collisions between reactant particles can increase the rate of a chemical reaction. The size of the reactants or the products does not play a significant role in the collision theory.

Read lesson note on Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws (JAMB)

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Question 5 Report

A correct electrochemical series can be obtained from Na, Ca, Al, Mg, Zn, Fe, Pb, H, Cu, Hg, Ag, Au by interchanging

Al and Mg Correct answer

Zn and Fe

Zn and Pb

Pb and H

Answer Details

Read lesson note on Oxidation And Reduction (JAMB)

Oxidation And Reduction

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Question 6 Report

If 1 litre of 2.2M sulphuric acid is poured into a bucket containing 10 litres of water and the resulting solution mixed thoroughly, the resulting sulphuric acid concentration will be

2.2M

1.1M

0.22M Correct answer

0.11M

Answer Details

When 1 liter of 2.2M sulphuric acid is added to 10 liters of water, the total volume of the resulting solution is 11 liters. To find the resulting concentration of sulphuric acid, we need to use the equation: M1V1 = M2V2 where M1 is the initial concentration, V1 is the initial volume, M2 is the final concentration, and V2 is the final volume. We can plug in the values we know: M1 = 2.2M (the initial concentration of the sulphuric acid) V1 = 1L (the initial volume of the sulphuric acid) M2 = ? (the final concentration we're trying to find) V2 = 11L (the final volume of the resulting solution) Solving for M2, we get: M2 = (M1 x V1) / V2 M2 = (2.2M x 1L) / 11L M2 = 0.2M Therefore, the resulting sulphuric acid concentration is 0.2M or 0.2 moles per liter. In summary, when 1 liter of 2.2M sulphuric acid is mixed with 10 liters of water, the resulting sulphuric acid concentration is diluted to 0.2M. This is because the total volume of the resulting solution is greater than the initial volume of the sulphuric acid, which leads to a decrease in concentration.

Read lesson note on Acids, Bases And Salts (Ghana Only) (WAEC)

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Question 7 Report

In the upper atmosphere, the ultra-violet light breaks off a free chlorine atom from chlorofluorocarbon molecule. The effect of this is that the free chlorine atom will

be very reactive and will attack ozone Correct answer

be non-reactive and will not attack ozone

not change the level of ozone in the atmosphere

increase the level of ozone in the atmosphere

Answer Details

The free chlorine atom that breaks off from a chlorofluorocarbon molecule will be very reactive and will attack ozone in the upper atmosphere. Ozone is a molecule made up of three oxygen atoms, and when the free chlorine atom reacts with ozone, it breaks the ozone molecule into two separate oxygen molecules. This reaction reduces the amount of ozone in the atmosphere, which is known as ozone depletion. Over time, this can lead to a thinning of the ozone layer, which protects life on Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

Read lesson note on Environmental Pollution (JAMB)

Environmental Pollution

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Question 8 Report

Elements P, Q, R, S have 6, 11, 15, 17 electrons respectively, therefore,

P will form an electrovalent bond with R

Q will form a covalent bond with S

R will form an electrovalent bond with S

Q will form an electrovalent bond with S Correct answer

Answer Details

Elements form bonds with other elements in order to attain a stable electron configuration, like the one found in noble gases. There are two types of bonds: covalent and ionic (also called electrovalent). In covalent bonds, two elements share electrons to attain a stable electron configuration. This type of bond is formed between two non-metal elements. In ionic bonds, one element donates electrons to another element, creating ions. This type of bond is formed between a metal and a non-metal element. Based on the information given, we can deduce the following: - P is a metal, as it has only 6 electrons. - Q is a non-Metal, as it has 11 electrons. - R is a metal, as it has 15 electrons. - S is a non-Metal, as it has 17 electrons. So, from this information, we can conclude that: - P will form an ionic bond with R, as P is a metal and R is a metal. - Q will form a covalent bond with S, as Q is a non-Metal and S is a non-Metal. Therefore, the correct answer is "Q will form a covalent bond with S."

Read lesson note on Atomic Structure And Bonding (JAMB)

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Question 9 Report

Methanoic acid mixes with water in all proportions and has about the same boiling point as water. Which of the following methods would you adopt to obtain pure water from a mixture of Sand, water and methanoic acid?

Fractional distillation

Filtration followed by distillation Correct answer

Neutralization with sodium hydroxide followed by distillation

Neutralization with sodium hydroxide followed by filtration

Answer Details

Read lesson note on Acids, Bases And Salts (Ghana Only) (WAEC)

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Question 10 Report

The periodic classification is an arrangement of the elements

atomic weights

isotopic weights

molecular weights

atomic numbers Correct answer

Answer Details

The periodic classification is an arrangement of the elements based on their atomic numbers. The periodic table is a chart that lists all the known chemical elements in order of increasing atomic number, arranged in rows and columns according to their electronic structure and chemical properties. The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element. Each element has a unique atomic number, which determines its position in the periodic table. The elements are arranged in rows called periods, and in columns called groups or families. Elements in the same group have similar properties because they have the same number of valence electrons, which are the electrons in the outermost shell of the atom. The periodic table is an incredibly useful tool for chemists because it allows them to predict the properties of elements based on their position in the table. For example, elements in the same group tend to form similar compounds, so if you know the properties of one element in a group, you can often predict the properties of the other elements in that group. In summary, the periodic classification is an arrangement of the elements based on their atomic numbers. The periodic table is a chart that organizes the elements into rows and columns based on their electronic structure and chemical properties, allowing scientists to make predictions about the behavior of the elements based on their position in the table.

Read lesson note on Atomic Structure And Bonding (JAMB)

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Question 11 Report

According to Charles' law, the volume of a gas becomes zero at

0°C

-100°C

-273°C Correct answer

-373°C

Answer Details

Charles' law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature, provided that the pressure remains constant. This means that as the temperature of a gas increases, its volume also increases. However, it is important to note that this law only applies to ideal gases, which are theoretical gases that perfectly follow the laws of thermodynamics. According to Charles' law, the volume of a gas becomes zero at absolute zero, which is approximately -273°C. At this temperature, the gas particles would have no kinetic energy and would be in their lowest energy state. The volume of a real gas would not actually become zero at absolute zero because the gas particles would have some residual intermolecular interactions that would prevent them from completely collapsing to a single point.

Read lesson note on Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws (JAMB)

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Question 12 Report

A sample of hard water contains some calcium sulphate and calcium hydrogen carbonate. The total hardness may therefore be removed by

boiling the water

adding excess calcium hydroxide

adding a calculated amount of calcium hydroxide

adding sodium carbonate Correct answer

Answer Details

Read lesson note on Acids, Bases And Salts (Ghana Only) (WAEC)

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Question 13 Report

Diamond is a bad conductor of electricity because its bonding electrons are used in

crystal lattice formation

covalent bond formation Correct answer

metallic bond formation

coordinate bond formation

Answer Details

Diamond is a bad conductor of electricity because of its unique structure and bonding. The carbon atoms in diamond form a covalent network, where each carbon atom is bonded to four other carbon atoms. These bonds are strong and hold the atoms in a rigid three-dimensional structure called a crystal lattice. In a covalent bond, atoms share electrons to form a stable compound. In diamond, each carbon atom shares its valence electrons with four neighboring carbon atoms, forming a very strong covalent bond. All the valence electrons in the crystal lattice are used in covalent bond formation, which means there are no free or mobile electrons to carry an electric current. In other words, the electrons are tightly held in the covalent bonds, making it difficult for them to move around the crystal lattice and conduct electricity. In contrast, metals conduct electricity well because they have delocalized or free electrons that can move through the lattice of positively charged ions. So, diamond, being a covalent network solid, does not have free electrons that can carry an electric current, which is why it is a bad conductor of electricity.

Read lesson note on Atomic Structure And Bonding (JAMB)

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Question 14 Report

In the preparation of oxygen by heating KCIO\(_2\), in the presence of MnO\(_2\) only moderate heat is needed because the catalyst acts by

lowering the pressure of the reaction

increasing the surface area of the reaction

increasing the rate of the reaction

lowering the energy barrier of the reaction Correct answer

Answer Details

The presence of MnO2 acts as a catalyst in the reaction of KCIO2 to produce oxygen. A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the reaction itself. MnO2 acts by lowering the energy barrier of the reaction, which means it reduces the amount of energy required for the reaction to take place. This makes it easier for the reaction to occur, and thus the reaction proceeds at a faster rate. As a result, only moderate heat is needed to provide the initial energy required for the reaction to start. Therefore, the correct answer is: lowering the energy barrier of the reaction.

Read lesson note on Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws (JAMB)

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Question 15 Report

The number of electrons in the valence shell of an element of atomic number 14 is?

4 Correct answer

Answer Details

The number of electrons in the valence shell of an element can be determined by using the periodic table and the electron configuration of the element. The valence shell is the outermost shell that contains electrons that are involved in chemical reactions. For an element with atomic number 14, which is silicon, the electron configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2. The valence shell of silicon is the third shell, which contains 3s2 and 3p2 electrons. Therefore, the number of electrons in the valence shell of silicon is 4 electrons.

Read lesson note on Atomic Structure And Bonding (JAMB)

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Question 16 Report

The situation obtained when a perfect gas expands into a vacuum is

ΔH is positive and TΔ S is zero

ΔH is positive and T Δ S is negative

ΔH is negative and TΔ S is zero

ΔH is zero and T Δ S is positive Correct answer

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Read lesson note on Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws (JAMB)

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Question 17 Report

The hydrogen ion concentration of a sample of orange juice is 2.0 X 10\(^{-11}\)moldm\(^{-3}\). What is its p\(^{OH}\)? [log102 = 0.3010]

3.30

13.00

10.70 Correct answer

11.30

Answer Details

Read lesson note on Acids, Bases And Salts (Ghana Only) (WAEC)

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Question 18 Report

The lUPAC name for

1-methyl pentane

3-methylbutane

2-methylbutane Correct answer

1-dimethyl propane

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Question 19 Report

The Sulphide which is insoluble in dilute hydrochloric acid is

FeS

CuS Correct answer

ZnS

Na2S

Answer Details

The sulphide which is insoluble in dilute hydrochloric acid is Copper Sulphide (CuS). When metal sulphides react with hydrochloric acid, they undergo an acid-base reaction to produce hydrogen sulphide gas and the corresponding metal chloride. For example, when Iron Sulphide (FeS) reacts with hydrochloric acid, it forms hydrogen sulphide gas (H2S) and iron chloride (FeCl2) as follows: FeS + 2HCl → H2S + FeCl2 However, Copper Sulphide (CuS) does not react with dilute hydrochloric acid, as it is insoluble in this acid. This is due to the fact that CuS is a much less reactive metal sulphide compared to FeS and ZnS, and therefore it does not undergo an acid-base reaction with dilute hydrochloric acid. In summary, CuS is the sulphide which is insoluble in dilute hydrochloric acid due to its low reactivity with acids.

Read lesson note on Separation Of Mixtures And Purification Of Chemical Substances (JAMB)

Separation Of Mixtures And Purification Of Chemical Substances

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Question 20 Report

Which of the following separation techniques can be employed in obtaining solvent from its solution?

Evaporation

Distillation Correct answer

Filtration

Precipitation

Answer Details

The separation technique that can be employed in obtaining a solvent from its solution is evaporation. Evaporation is a process that involves heating a solution to vaporize the solvent, leaving behind the solute. The vaporized solvent can then be condensed and collected as a pure liquid. This technique is commonly used in industry and laboratory settings to recover solvents from solutions, as it is a simple and effective way to purify liquids. Distillation can also be used to separate a solvent from a solution, but it is a more complex process that involves boiling the solution and then condensing the vapors in a separate apparatus. Filtration and precipitation are not suitable for separating a solvent from a solution, as they are primarily used to separate solid particles from a liquid mixture.

Read lesson note on Solubility (JAMB)

Solubility

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Question 21 Report

The conductivity of an acid solution depends on the

amount of ions present and their mobilities Correct answer

mobilities of the ions present

amount of ions present

temperature of the solution

Answer Details

The conductivity of an acid solution depends on the amount of ions present and their mobilities. When an acid dissolves in water, it forms ions that can carry an electric charge. These ions are what allows the solution to conduct electricity. The more ions there are in the solution, the better it can conduct electricity. However, not all ions have the same mobility or ability to move around in the solution. Ions with a higher mobility can move more easily through the solution, leading to a higher conductivity. Therefore, the conductivity of an acid solution is determined by both the amount of ions present and their mobilities. Other factors such as temperature can also affect conductivity, but the primary factors are the amount and mobility of ions.

Read lesson note on Chemical Bonds (Ghana Only) (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Acids, Bases And Salts (Ghana Only) (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Periodic Chemistry (Ghana Only) (WAEC)

Chemical Bonds (Ghana Only)

Periodic Chemistry (Ghana Only)

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Question 22 Report

The elements in the periodic table are listed in order of increasing

relative atomic number

atomic mass Correct answer

relative isotopic mass

nuclear charge

Answer Details

Read lesson note on Atomic Structure And Bonding (JAMB)

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Question 23 Report

Suitable reagents for the laboratory preparation nitrogen are

sodium dioxonitrate(III) and ammonium chloride Correct answer

sodium trioxonitrate(V) and ammonium chloride

sodium chloride and ammonium trioxonitrate(V)

sodium chloride and ammonium di-ozonitrate(III)

Answer Details

Read lesson note on Chemical Industry And Environment (WAEC)

Chemical Industry And Environment

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Question 24 Report

The type of bonding in \(\left[\mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{NH}_3)_4\right]^{2+}\) is

coordinate Correct answer

electrovalent

metallic

covalent

Answer Details

The type of bonding in [Cu(NH3)4]2+ is coordinate bonding. Coordinate bonding (also known as dative covalent bonding) is a type of covalent bonding where one atom (in this case, the nitrogen atom in NH3) donates a pair of electrons to another atom or ion (in this case, the copper ion Cu2+). The donating atom is called the ligand, and the receiving atom or ion is called the central metal ion. In [Cu(NH3)4]2+, each ammonia molecule (NH3) donates a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom to the copper ion, forming four coordinate bonds between the ligands and the central copper ion. The presence of coordinate bonds is indicated by the use of square brackets around the coordination compound, and the charge on the compound is indicated by the superscript outside the brackets. Therefore, the answer is option A: coordinate.

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Question 25 Report

From the graph above, it may be concluded that

AgNO

_{3}

is probably not soluble at 1100

NaCl is insoluble in water

Pb(NO

_{3}

)

_{2}

is more soluble than KCIO

_{3}

Correct answer

The solubility of KCIO

_{3}

exceeds that of NaCl at all temperature

Answer Details

Read lesson note on Solubility Of Substances (Ghana Only) (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Solutions (WAEC)

Solubility Of Substances (Ghana Only)

Solutions

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Question 26 Report

A substance that is used as a ripening agent for fruits is

ethene Correct answer

propane

methane

butane

Answer Details

The substance that is commonly used as a ripening agent for fruits is ethene. Ethene, also known as ethylene, is a natural plant hormone that is produced by fruits, especially during the ripening process. It is a colorless gas that can be easily synthesized and used as a ripening agent for fruits. When fruits are exposed to ethene, it triggers a series of biochemical reactions that accelerate the natural ripening process. This can help fruits to ripen faster and more uniformly, which is important for commercial purposes where fruits need to be sold quickly. The use of ethene as a ripening agent is regulated by food safety agencies, as excessive exposure to ethene can cause over-ripening and spoilage of fruits. However, when used in appropriate concentrations, ethene is a safe and effective way to promote the ripening of fruits.

Read lesson note on Acids, Bases And Salts (JAMB)

Acids, Bases And Salts

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Question 27 Report

The end products of burning a candle in the atmosphere are water and

carbon (II) oxide

sulphur (IV) oxide

carbon (IV) oxide Correct answer

sulphur (VI) oxide

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Read lesson note on Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws (JAMB)

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Question 28 Report

Calculate the pH of \(0.05\ \mathrm{mol\,dm^{-3}}\ \mathrm{H_2SO_4}\)

1.30

1.12

1.00 Correct answer

0.30

Answer Details

To solve this problem, we need to use the formula for calculating the pH of a solution, which is: pH = -log[H+] where [H+] is the concentration of hydrogen ions in moles per liter. The given chemical equation is: H2SO4 + 2H2O → 2H3O+ + SO42- From this equation, we can see that one molecule of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) can donate two hydrogen ions (H+) to the solution, which means that the concentration of hydrogen ions is twice the concentration of sulfuric acid. Therefore, the concentration of hydrogen ions in this solution is: [H+] = 2 x 0.05 moldm^-3 = 0.1 moldm^-3 Now we can use the formula for pH: pH = -log[H+] pH = -log(0.1) pH = 1.00 Therefore, the pH of the solution is 1.00.

Read lesson note on Periodic Chemistry (Ghana Only) (WAEC)

Periodic Chemistry (Ghana Only)

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Question 29 Report

The constituent common to duralumin and alnico is

Al Correct answer

Answer Details

The common constituent found in both duralumin and alnico is aluminum (Al). Duralumin is an alloy made up of aluminum, copper, manganese, and magnesium. It is known for its high strength and light weight, making it useful in various applications such as aerospace and construction. Alnico, on the other hand, is an alloy made of aluminum, nickel, cobalt, iron, and small amounts of other elements. It is used in the production of strong permanent magnets for various applications such as in motors, generators, and loudspeakers. So, even though duralumin and alnico have different properties and uses, they both contain the element aluminum.

Read lesson note on Metals And Their Compounds (JAMB)

Metals And Their Compounds

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Question 30 Report

The derivative of benzene that can be used in making explosives is

aniline

xylene

phenol Correct answer

toluene

Answer Details

Read lesson note on Chemistry Of Carbon Compounds (Nigeria Only) (WAEC)

Chemistry Of Carbon Compounds (Nigeria Only)

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Question 31 Report

Calculate the percentage composition of oxygen in calcium trioxocarbonate(IV) [Ca=40, C=12, O=16]

48 Correct answer

Answer Details

To calculate the percentage composition of oxygen in calcium trioxocarbonate(IV), we first need to determine the molar mass of the compound. The compound has one calcium atom (Ca), one carbon atom (C), and three oxygen atoms (O). So, the molar mass of calcium trioxocarbonate(IV) can be calculated as follows: Molar mass = (1 × atomic mass of Ca) + (1 × atomic mass of C) + (3 × atomic mass of O) = (1 × 40) + (1 × 12) + (3 × 16) = 40 + 12 + 48 = 100 g/mol Next, we need to determine the mass of oxygen in one mole of calcium trioxocarbonate(IV). The compound has three oxygen atoms, each with an atomic mass of 16 g/mol. Therefore, the total mass of oxygen in one mole of the compound is: Mass of oxygen = 3 × 16 = 48 g/mol Finally, to determine the percentage composition of oxygen in calcium trioxocarbonate(IV), we divide the mass of oxygen by the molar mass of the compound and multiply by 100. Percentage of oxygen = (Mass of oxygen / Molar mass of compound) × 100 = (48 / 100) × 100 = 48% Therefore, the correct answer is 48, which represents the percentage composition of oxygen in calcium trioxocarbonate(IV).

Read lesson note on Chemical Combination (JAMB)

Chemical Combination

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Question 32 Report

The boiling of fat and aqueous caustic soda is referred to as

hydrolysis

esterification

acidification

saponification Correct answer

Answer Details

The boiling of fat and aqueous caustic soda is referred to as saponification. Saponification is the process of converting fat into soap through a reaction with an alkaline substance, such as caustic soda. The reaction results in the formation of soap (a salt of a fatty acid) and glycerol. This process is important in the manufacture of soap, as it allows the fat to be converted into a useful cleaning product.

Read lesson note on Acids, Bases And Salts (JAMB)

Acids, Bases And Salts

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Question 33 Report

How many atoms are present in 6.0g of magnesium? [Mg = 24, N.A = \(6.02 \times 10^{23}\) mol]

1.20 x 10

^{22}

2.4 x 10

^{22}

1.51 x 10

^{22}

Correct answer

3.02 x 10

^{22}

Answer Details

Read lesson note on Atomic Structure And Bonding (JAMB)

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Question 34 Report

On which of the following is the solubility of a gaseous substance dependent?

I. Nature of solvent

II. Nature of solute

III. Temperature

IV. Pressure

I, II, III and IV

I and II only

II only

I, III and IV only Correct answer

Answer Details

Read lesson note on Solubility (JAMB)

Solubility

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Question 35 Report

The ionic radii of metals are usually

greater than their atomic radii

unaffected by the charge on the ion

the same as their atomic radii

less than their atomic radii Correct answer

Answer Details

The ionic radii of metals are usually smaller than their atomic radii. The size of an atom is determined by the distance between the nucleus and the outermost electrons, which is known as the atomic radius. When a metal atom loses one or more electrons to form a positive ion (or cation), the resulting ion has a smaller size than the original atom. This is because the positive charge of the ion attracts the remaining electrons closer to the nucleus, making the ion smaller in size. So, when a metal forms a cation, its ionic radius is typically smaller than its atomic radius. This is a general trend in the periodic table, although there are some exceptions.

Read lesson note on Atomic Structure And Bonding (JAMB)

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Question 36 Report

A given amount of gas occupies \(10.0\mathrm{dm}^{5}\) at 4atm and 273°C. The number of moles of the gas present is [Molar volume of gas at s.t.p = \(22.4\mathrm{dm}^{3}\)]

0.89 mol Correct answer

1.90 mol

3.80 mol

5.70 mol

Answer Details

The ideal gas law is PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature. We can use this equation to solve for the number of moles of gas present. First, we need to convert the volume from dm5 to dm3, which is the same as liters (L). So, 10.0 dm5 is equal to 10.0/1000 = 0.01 dm3 or 0.01 L. Next, we need to convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin by adding 273 to get 546 K. Now we can plug in the values we have into the ideal gas law: 4 atm x 0.01 L = n x 0.0821 L·atm/K·mol x 546 K Simplifying, we get: 0.04 = n x 44.8 Solving for n, we get: n = 0.04/44.8 = 0.00089 mol Finally, we can compare this value to the molar volume of a gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP), which is 22.4 L/mol. To do this, we need to convert the volume of gas we have to STP conditions. Since the temperature is already at STP (273 K), we just need to adjust the pressure. Using the ideal gas law, we can solve for the volume at STP: 1 atm x V = 0.00089 mol x 0.0821 L·atm/K·mol x 273 K Simplifying, we get: V = 0.0224 L or 22.4 dm3 Therefore, the amount of gas present is equal to 0.00089 mol, which is less than 1 mol. So the answer is 0.89 mol.

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