JAMB UTME - Computer Studies - 2022

Which key deletes text?

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The key that deletes text is the backspace key. When you type, the characters you enter are added to the right of the cursor, which shows you where the next character will be inserted. If you want to delete a character, you can move the cursor to the left of that character using the arrow keys, and then press the backspace key. This will remove the character to the left of the cursor. You can also use the backspace key to delete a selection of text. To do this, you first need to highlight the text you want to delete by clicking and dragging the cursor over it. Once the text is highlighted, you can press the backspace key to delete it. In summary, the backspace key is used to delete characters to the left of the cursor or to delete a selected portion of text.

When does the output of a NAND gate =1?

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The output of a NAND gate is equal to 1 only when one input is 0. The NAND gate is called a "NOT-AND" gate because it outputs the opposite of what an AND gate would output for the same inputs. In other words, if an AND gate would output 1 for a certain set of inputs, a NAND gate would output 0, and vice versa.

___________ is when someone steals another persons identity.

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The correct answer is "Identity Theft." Identity theft occurs when someone pretends to be another person by stealing their personal information, such as their name, social security number, or credit card information, in order to commit fraud or other illegal activities. The thief may use this information to open bank accounts, make purchases, or apply for loans in the victim's name, causing financial harm and damaging the victim's credit score. It can happen both in the physical world (e.g. someone stealing your mail or wallet) and online (e.g. someone hacking into your social media or email account). It is important to take steps to protect your personal information and monitor your financial accounts to prevent identity theft.

Computer softwares like ios, Ubuntu, Chrome OS, are classified as ___________

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Computer softwares like iOS, Ubuntu, Chrome OS are classified as operating systems, also known as system software. An operating system is a type of software that acts as the backbone of a computer, managing its resources and allowing other software to run on it. It controls the hardware, such as the CPU, memory, and storage, and provides a platform for other software to run on. This includes basic functions like managing files, running applications, and providing access to the internet. In short, the operating system is what makes a computer work and provides a foundation for other software to run on.

In SQL, which command is used to remove a stored function from the database?

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The command used to remove a stored function from the database in SQL is the "DROP FUNCTION" command.

This command is used to permanently remove a stored function from the database. For example, if you have a stored function named "my_function", you can remove it with the following SQL statement:

DROP FUNCTION my_function;

It is important to note that once you drop a stored function, all references to it in your database will be lost and it cannot be recovered. So, it should be used with caution.

The arrow displayed on the screen of a computer is called

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The arrow displayed on the screen of a computer is called a "Cursor". The cursor is a graphical representation of the position where text or data can be inserted or edited on the computer screen. It is typically displayed as a blinking vertical line, a block or a underline depending on the type of application or software being used. The cursor can be moved around the screen using the computer mouse, touchpad, or keyboard keys. When the cursor is moved, the text or data following it also moves accordingly. The term "pointer" can also refer to the arrow displayed on the screen, but it is a more general term that can refer to any graphical element used to indicate a position or selection on the screen. The term "indicator" is less commonly used and generally refers to a specific type of visual cue used to provide information to the user.

In any software package, which of the following versions represents a major improvement on the previous version?

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In any software package, a new version number that increases the whole number before the decimal point represents a major improvement on the previous version. Therefore, the versions that represent a major improvement on the previous version is 2.0.

In software development, version numbers are used to identify different releases or iterations of a program. A new version number is typically assigned when significant changes or improvements are made to the software. The first number before the decimal point in a version number is known as the major version number. When this number increases, it indicates that there has been a significant change or improvement in the software that warrants a new release.

The second number after the decimal point is the minor version number, which typically represents smaller changes or bug fixes. Therefore, 2.0 is a major releases that represent significant improvements over the previous version, while 1.0, 1.5 and 2.5 are minor releases that represent smaller changes or bug fixes.

In summary, a new software version number that increases the major version number before the decimal point represents a major improvement on the previous version, indicating that significant changes or improvements have been made to the software.

An inventory management program can assist with ________

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An inventory management program can assist with all of the above: distribution, purchasing, and planning. Inventory management involves keeping track of a company's stock of goods and materials, and making sure that there are enough items on hand to meet customer demand without having too much excess inventory that ties up capital. A good inventory management program can help with distribution by providing real-time updates on inventory levels and locations, allowing companies to quickly and accurately fulfill customer orders. It can also assist with purchasing by tracking inventory levels and alerting staff when it's time to reorder supplies, helping to ensure that stock is always available when needed. Additionally, an inventory management program can assist with planning by providing data and analytics on sales trends, inventory turnover, and other key performance indicators. This information can help companies make informed decisions about which products to stock, when to order supplies, and how much inventory to keep on hand. Overall, a well-designed inventory management program can help companies save time, reduce waste, and improve efficiency.

The logical structure of the database can be depicted through its ______

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The logical structure of a database can be depicted through its data model. A data model is a conceptual representation of data and the relationships between data elements in a database. It defines the structure of the database, including tables, columns, and the relationships between them. The data model can be thought of as a blueprint or a map for the database, showing how data is organized and how it can be accessed. It is an abstract representation of the database, separate from the specific software or hardware used to implement it. By using a data model, designers and developers can ensure that the database is structured in a logical and consistent way, which can improve performance, scalability, and ease of use.

What is considered the brain of the computer?

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The brain of the computer is considered to be the "Central Processing Unit" (CPU). The CPU is the primary component of a computer that performs most of the processing and calculations required to run programs and applications. It is responsible for executing instructions and controlling the operations of the computer's other hardware components, such as the memory, input/output devices, and storage devices. The CPU is often referred to as the "brain" of the computer because it performs many of the same functions that the human brain does, such as processing information, making decisions, and controlling the body (or in the case of the computer, the hardware components). It is located on the motherboard of the computer, and it consists of a small chip that contains millions of transistors and circuits that work together to perform calculations and operations at incredible speeds. While the monitor/display screen, mouse, and printer are all important components of a computer system, they do not serve the same function as the CPU. The monitor/display screen displays the output from the computer, the mouse is an input device used to control the cursor on the screen, and the printer is a device used to produce hardcopy output from the computer.

Types of software programs are

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both A and B

A collection of facts and figures is known to be _________

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The correct answer is "Data". Data refers to a collection of facts, figures, or information that can be processed or analyzed to gain insights or make informed decisions. Data can come in different forms, such as numbers, text, images, audio, or video. It can be stored in various formats, including spreadsheets, databases, documents, or files. For example, if you have a list of customer names, addresses, and phone numbers in a spreadsheet, this is considered data. If you store this information in a database, it becomes a structured collection of data that can be easily accessed and manipulated. However, whether the data is sequenced or structured depends on how it is organized, and it is not a defining characteristic of data itself.

What is a computer file.

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A computer file is a place on a computer where information is stored in a package. A file can contain many different types of information, including text, images, audio, video, and executable programs. The information in a file is organized in a specific format, and the file can be opened and edited using appropriate software. For example, a text file contains plain text, while a Word document file contains formatted text and other elements like images and tables. A file is often saved with a specific name and extension that identifies the type of file and the type of information it contains. The extension is the part of the file name that comes after the dot, such as ".txt" for a plain text file or ".docx" for a Microsoft Word document file.

What is the primary purpose of Microsoft Excel?

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Microsoft Excel is primarily used to solve problems involving numbers. It is a spreadsheet program that allows you to organize, analyze and perform calculations on data. You can use Excel to create tables, charts and graphs to visually represent your data and make it easier to understand. It is commonly used for tasks such as budgeting, tracking expenses, and managing project timelines. The program also has many built-in functions that can help you perform complex calculations and analysis with ease. So, the main purpose of Microsoft Excel is to help you work with numbers and make sense of data.

What does CO stand for in COBOL?

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In COBOL, CO stands for "Common Business Oriented Language". COBOL is a programming language that was designed specifically for business applications, such as finance, accounting, and payroll. COBOL was first developed in the late 1950s, and it quickly became popular in the business world because it was easy to use and understand, and it could handle large amounts of data. The "common" part of the acronym refers to the fact that COBOL was intended to be a language that could be used by a wide range of businesses, regardless of their specific industry or application. The "business-oriented" part of the acronym emphasizes the language's focus on business data and processing.

When an input signal 1 is applied to a NOT gate, the output is ..................

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When an input signal of 1 is applied to a NOT gate, the output will be 0. A NOT gate, also known as an inverter, is a digital logic gate that has one input and one output. The output of a NOT gate is the opposite of the input; if the input is high (1), the output will be low (0), and if the input is low (0), the output will be high (1). In other words, the NOT gate "inverts" the input signal. So, when a 1 is input to a NOT gate, the gate will invert it to 0 and produce that as the output signal. Similarly, when a 0 is input to a NOT gate, the gate will invert it to 1 and output that as the result.

A computer can't boot if it does not have ____________

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A computer cannot boot if it does not have an operating system (OS). An operating system is the most basic software that runs on a computer and is responsible for managing and coordinating all the activities of the computer hardware and software. It is the first program that runs when the computer starts up, and it is responsible for initializing the hardware and loading other software, such as device drivers and applications. Without an operating system, the computer would not be able to perform any useful tasks, as it would not have the necessary software to control and manage its hardware components. Examples of popular operating systems include Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux.

The super computers are mainly used for

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Supercomputers are high-performance computers designed for handling extremely complex and large-scale computational tasks. They are mainly used for mathematical intensive scientific applications, such as simulating complex physical phenomena, weather forecasting, and drug discovery. Supercomputers can perform a vast number of calculations in a short amount of time, which is essential for solving complex problems. These computers are designed to handle massive amounts of data and perform complex algorithms, making them ideal for handling input-output intensive processing tasks. Although they can retrieve data and manipulate records like any other computer, their true power lies in their ability to perform mathematical calculations and simulations that would be impossible for regular computers. Supercomputers are used in a wide range of fields, including aerospace, automotive, energy, finance, and healthcare, to name a few. Their use has led to breakthroughs in many fields and has contributed significantly to scientific and technological advancements.

Numerous files are referred to as _____________

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Numerous files are referred to as "files". A file is a collection of data or information that is stored on a computer or other electronic device. Files can come in many different formats, such as documents, images, music, and videos. They are used to store information that can be easily accessed, edited, and shared. For example, a word processing document is a type of file that can be used to write and edit text, while an image file can be used to store and display photos. Files are often organized into folders, which are like virtual folders or directories that help you keep your files organized and easily accessible. You can create folders, move files between folders, and even rename or delete files and folders.

The major function of a Database management system is _______________

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The major function of a Database Management System (DBMS) is to efficiently store and manage large amounts of data in a structured manner, making it easy to retrieve, update, and manipulate the data as needed. A DBMS provides a centralized location for storing and organizing data, allowing multiple users to access and modify the data simultaneously while ensuring data integrity and security. In addition, a DBMS provides tools for defining and enforcing data relationships, constraints, and rules, ensuring data consistency and accuracy. It also provides a query language for retrieving data from the database and generating reports. Overall, the primary goal of a DBMS is to make it easy for users to interact with large amounts of data in a way that is efficient, secure, and reliable.

Which of these application packages is mostly used by computer users?

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Out of the options given, Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Word are the two most commonly used application packages by computer users. Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet application that allows users to create, edit, and analyze numerical data in a structured manner. It is widely used by businesses and individuals for tasks such as financial analysis, budgeting, data management, and statistical analysis. Microsoft Word, on the other hand, is a word processing application used for creating and editing text-based documents. It is used for a wide range of purposes, such as writing reports, letters, resumes, and academic papers. While CorelDraw is a graphic design software used for creating vector graphics and Ms Access is a database management system used for storing, managing and retrieving data, they are not as commonly used as Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Word in day-to-day computer usage.

Firefox is an example of __________

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Firefox is an example of application software. Application software is any computer program designed to perform specific tasks or provide a specific functionality to the user. It is created to help the user with various tasks such as creating documents, browsing the internet, editing photos and videos, or playing games. Application software is generally designed to be easy to use and is intended for non-technical users. Firefox is a web browser that allows users to browse the internet, access web content, and perform various online tasks. It is a standalone software application that is installed on a computer or mobile device and is used to perform a specific function. Therefore, Firefox is an example of application software.

CPU stands for ________________.

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CPU stands for Central Processing Unit. It is the primary component of a computer system that carries out instructions of a computer program. The CPU is often referred to as the "brain" of the computer, as it performs the majority of the calculations and operations that are necessary for the computer to function. The CPU is responsible for fetching instructions from the computer's memory, decoding those instructions, executing them, and then storing the results back in memory. It is made up of several sub-components, including the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) which performs mathematical operations, and the control unit (CU) which manages the flow of data and instructions within the CPU and to other parts of the computer system.

Which can be the input and output devices both?

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There are some devices that can be used as both input and output devices. These are: 1. Touch screen monitor: A touch screen monitor can be used as both an input and output device. It can display information to the user and also accept input from them through touch. 2. Digitizer: A digitizer is another device that can act as both an input and output device. It is used to convert analog signals, such as handwriting or sketches, into digital form. It can also display the digital output on a screen. In contrast, devices like a scanner and speaker are typically designed to perform just one function. A scanner is primarily an input device that converts physical documents into digital images, while a speaker is an output device that produces sound. To summarize, touch screen monitors and digitizers can be used as both input and output devices, while scanners and speakers are typically limited to a single function.

_______ is the process of finding errors and fixing them within a program.

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The process of finding errors and fixing them within a program is called debugging. When a program is being developed, it may contain errors, also known as bugs, that prevent it from functioning properly. Debugging is the process of identifying and fixing these errors. Debugging can involve a number of techniques, such as analyzing error messages, reviewing code, and stepping through the program line by line to find where errors occur. Once an error is identified, the programmer can make changes to the code to correct the issue. Compiling is the process of translating source code into machine code, which can then be executed. Execution is the process of running a program. Scanning, in the context of programming, typically refers to the process of analyzing code for security vulnerabilities rather than identifying and fixing errors. In summary, debugging is the process of identifying and fixing errors in a program, whereas compiling, executing, and scanning are different processes that serve different purposes in the development and operation of a program.

What does LAN stand for?

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LAN stands for "Local Area Network". A Local Area Network (LAN) is a computer network that connects devices in a relatively small area, such as a single building or a group of adjacent buildings. A LAN is used for sharing resources, such as printers, files, and internet connections, among the connected devices. Typically, a LAN is set up using Ethernet cables or Wi-Fi connections, and it may include a router, switch or hub to manage the flow of data between the connected devices. A LAN can be used in a variety of settings, including homes, schools, and businesses, where it can provide a more efficient way of sharing resources and communicating between devices. In summary, LAN stands for "Local Area Network", which is a computer network that connects devices in a small area, such as a building or group of buildings, and is used for sharing resources among the connected devices.

The end users are able to operate at the _______ tier.

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End users are able to operate at the "presentation" tier. The presentation tier is the user interface layer of a software application or system. It's the part of the system that the end user interacts with directly, and it includes all the components that allow the user to view and manipulate data. This can include things like graphical user interfaces, web pages, and other visual elements that the user can see and interact with. Because the presentation tier is designed specifically for end users, it's the layer that they are most comfortable operating in. This is where they can view data, input information, and interact with the system to achieve their desired tasks. While there may be other tiers (such as the model, application, and data tiers) that are responsible for processing and managing data behind the scenes, it's the presentation tier where the end user has the most control and where their actions have the most direct impact on the system.

The combination of the arithmetic and logic units, as well as the ______________ unit makes up the central processing unit.

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The combination of the arithmetic and logic units, as well as the control unit makes up the central processing unit (CPU). A CPU is the "brain" of a computer. It is responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations. The arithmetic and logic units (ALU) are the parts of the CPU that perform mathematical operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, as well as logical operations, such as AND, OR, and NOT. The control unit is responsible for controlling the flow of data and instructions within the CPU and between the CPU and other parts of the computer, such as memory and input/output devices. It fetches instructions from memory, decodes them to determine what operation to perform, and then directs the ALU to perform the operation. In summary, the combination of the ALU and control unit makes up the CPU, which is responsible for processing data and instructions and performing calculations in a computer.

Computer applications are example of ___________

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Computer applications are an example of software. Software refers to the programs, data, and instructions that tell a computer what to do and how to do it. Computer applications are specific types of software that are designed to perform particular tasks or solve particular problems. Examples of computer applications include web browsers, word processors, email clients, and games. Computer applications are different from computer hardware, which refers to the physical components of a computer, such as the processor, memory, and storage devices. Computer utilities and program packages are different types of software that can be used to manage and maintain a computer system, but they are not the same as computer applications, which are designed for specific tasks and are often used by end-users. In summary, computer applications are a type of software, which refers to the programs, data, and instructions that tell a computer what to do and how to do it. Computer applications are designed to perform specific tasks or solve specific problems, and examples include web browsers, word processors, email clients, and games.

The hexadecimal digits are 0-9 and A-_____

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The correct answer is "F." In the hexadecimal number system, there are 16 possible digits that can be used to represent a value. Since we only have 10 Arabic numerals (0-9) to work with, we need to use letters to represent the remaining six digits. In hexadecimal notation, after 9 comes A, followed by B, C, D, E, and finally F. So the complete set of hexadecimal digits are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F. Therefore, the correct answer is F.

Sensitive data can be protected from prying eyes using _________

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Sensitive data can be protected from prying eyes using encryption. Encryption is the process of converting data into a code or a form that cannot be easily understood without a special key or password. When data is encrypted, it is scrambled and transformed into a form that is not easily recognizable. The only way to unlock or decrypt the data is to have the specific key or password that was used to encrypt it. This means that even if someone gains unauthorized access to the encrypted data, they will not be able to read or understand it without the key or password. Encryption can be applied to many types of sensitive data, including passwords, financial information, personal data, and sensitive documents. It can be used to protect data both while it is being transmitted (e.g., through email or messaging) and while it is being stored (e.g., on a computer or server). In summary, encryption is a powerful tool for protecting sensitive data from prying eyes, by converting it into a code or a form that is not easily recognizable without the specific key or password that was used to encrypt it.

Which type of network is usually contained inside one office building?

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The type of network that is usually contained inside one office building is called a Local Area Network or LAN. A LAN is a computer network that connects devices within a relatively small area, such as a single building, office, or campus. It is designed to allow computers and other devices to communicate with each other and share resources, such as printers, files, and internet access. LANs are typically owned and operated by a single organization, such as a business or government agency, and are often built using Ethernet cables or Wi-Fi technology. LANs are used to facilitate communication and data sharing between employees within an office building or other confined area, and are often more secure than other types of networks because they are not connected to the internet. In summary, a LAN is the type of network that you would most commonly find inside one office building.

Which of the below-mentioned reasons do not satisfy the reason why people create a computer virus?

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The reason "protection" does not satisfy why people create a computer virus. This is because a computer virus is not created to protect a system or its data, but rather to cause harm to it by spreading and infecting other systems. Creating a virus goes against the goal of protecting a computer system, and instead puts it at risk.

A permanent memory, which has data and instruction to start up the computer and does not erase data after power off.

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The permanent memory that has data and instructions to start up the computer and does not erase data after power off is called ROM (Read-Only Memory). ROM is a type of computer memory that is pre-programmed with data and instructions during manufacturing. This means that once the data and instructions are written into ROM, they cannot be changed or erased, hence the name "read-only". When you turn on your computer, the CPU (central processing unit) looks to the ROM for the instructions on how to boot up the computer. These instructions include basic input/output system (BIOS) code that checks the hardware components to make sure they are working properly, and then loads the operating system from the hard drive or another storage device. The data and instructions stored in ROM are not affected by power outages or restarts, meaning that they are retained even when the computer is turned off. This is why ROM is called non-volatile memory. In summary, ROM is a type of permanent memory that contains data and instructions to start up a computer and does not lose this information when the computer is turned off.

Files that maintain the hierarchical structure of the file system.

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The correct answer is "Directories." Directories are special files that organize the hierarchical structure of the file system by grouping related files together into named collections. They act like folders, allowing users to easily locate and access the files they need. Each directory can contain other directories (sub-directories) and files. For example, in a Windows system, the "C:\Users" directory contains a sub-directory for each user account on the computer, and each user account directory contains sub-directories for documents, pictures, music, etc. In short, directories allow us to maintain a structured and organized file system.

Which program translates programs to a simpler language that the computer can execute.

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The program that translates programs to a simpler language that the computer can execute is called a compiler. A compiler is a program that takes the source code of a program written in a high-level programming language and translates it into machine code or executable code that the computer can understand and execute. The process of compiling involves several steps, including lexical analysis, syntax analysis, semantic analysis, code optimization, and code generation. When a programmer writes a program in a high-level programming language such as Java or Python, the code is not directly executable by the computer. Instead, the code must be translated into machine code, which is a low-level language that the computer can understand and execute. This is where the compiler comes in. The compiler takes the source code written in the high-level programming language and converts it into machine code that can be executed by the computer. The advantage of using a compiler is that the resulting executable code is usually faster and more efficient than code interpreted by an interpreter, which we will discuss next. Additionally, since the code is already translated into machine code, it can be executed multiple times without the need for further translation, making it faster to execute. Overall, a compiler is a program that translates high-level programming code into machine code that a computer can execute, allowing programmers to write code in a more human-readable language and then have it translated into a language that the computer can understand and execute.

What does RAM and ROM have in common?

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The first option, "They both deal with memory," is correct. RAM and ROM are both types of memory used in computers and other electronic devices. RAM (Random Access Memory) is a type of volatile memory that stores data temporarily and is used for running programs and applications. When the power is turned off, the data stored in RAM is lost. ROM (Read-Only Memory) is a type of non-volatile memory that stores data permanently and is used for storing the basic input/output system (BIOS) that helps to boot up the computer. The data stored in ROM cannot be easily altered or deleted. In summary, both RAM and ROM are types of memory used in electronic devices, and they both deal with storing and accessing data.

What is the full form of TCP?

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The full form of TCP is Transmission Control Protocol. TCP is a communication protocol that is used to send and receive data over the internet. It is one of the main protocols in the Internet Protocol Suite (commonly referred to as TCP/IP), which is the set of rules and standards that govern how data is transmitted on the internet. TCP provides a reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of data between applications running on different devices. It breaks down the data into small packets, and each packet is numbered and tracked to ensure that it arrives at its destination in the correct order and without errors. If a packet is lost or damaged during transmission, TCP detects the error and retransmits the missing or damaged packet. TCP is widely used for sending and receiving data between web servers and web browsers, and for many other applications that require reliable and error-free data transmission over the internet.

In which situation does running application remain active?

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When a computer application is running, it is stored in the computer's memory, which allows it to continue functioning as long as it is needed. In the case of logging off, shutting down, or rebooting the computer, all applications currently running on the system are closed or terminated. Therefore, the running application would not remain active in any of these situations. However, in the case of a user switching, the running application can remain active. This is because when a user switches on a computer that is running, the operating system creates a new user session while keeping the current user's session active. In this scenario, the running application would continue to function within the current user's session, while the new user session would be independent and have its own set of applications and processes. Therefore, the running application would remain active when the user is switched.

At least how many keys is a keyboard made up of?

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A keyboard is usually made up of around 101 to 105 keys, depending on the type and model of the keyboard. The most common keyboard layout is called the QWERTY layout, which includes letters, numbers, and various symbols and functions. The number of keys can vary based on the size of the keyboard and additional features, such as multimedia buttons or a numeric keypad. Overall, the number of keys on a keyboard can range from a basic 101-key layout to a more advanced 105-key layout with additional buttons.