Which of the following is a process of military disengagement from Nigeria politics?

conduct of free and fair elections

Appointment of Army officers into political post

The Quorum in the OPEC conference is formed with the attendance of ?

three quarter of the member state

Ensuring that appointment into federal establishment in Nigeria reflect geographical spread is the sole function of the ____?

revenue Mobilization and fiscal allocation commission

JAMB UTME - Government - 2017

Question 1 Report

Sucessive population figures have been contested in Nigeria because of ______?

gender consideration

religious consideration

geographical disparity

political consideration

Answer Details

Successful figure of population census needs to be considered politically because it can contribute to the success of politics.

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Question 2 Report

The granting of internal authority to the regions came under which constitution?

Littleton Constitution

Richard Constitution

Clifford Constitution

Macpherson Constitution

Answer Details

This constitution was the only constitution that granted Internal authority

Read lesson note on Constitution (JAMB)

Constitution

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Question 3 Report

The Constitutional forms with two levels of Government is _________

Unitary

Evolution

Confederal

Confederation

Answer Details

The constitutional form with two levels of government is known as a federal system of government. In a federal system, power is shared between a central government and multiple regional governments. Both levels of government have their own distinct powers and responsibilities, as outlined in the constitution. This means that certain matters, such as national defense and foreign policy, are handled by the central government, while other matters, such as education and transportation, may be handled by the regional governments. Each level of government is considered sovereign within its own sphere of authority, which means that neither level can infringe on the other's powers. This balance of power between the central and regional governments helps to prevent any one level from becoming too dominant and infringing on the rights of citizens. Examples of federal systems include the United States, Canada, Australia, and Germany.

Read lesson note on State Structure And Characteristics Of Government (WAEC)

State Structure And Characteristics Of Government

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Question 4 Report

A formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold public office is ___ ?

by-election

election

bill

public office

Answer Details

A formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold public office is called an election. An election is a process in which eligible members of a population, such as citizens of a country, vote to choose a representative who will hold a public office, such as a political leader or government official. The individuals who are running for the office typically campaign to persuade voters to choose them, often by presenting their views on various issues and outlining their qualifications and experience. On the day of the election, eligible voters cast their ballots, either in person or by mail, and the votes are tallied to determine the winner. The candidate who receives the most votes is then elected to the public office. Elections are a key feature of democratic societies, as they provide citizens with the opportunity to choose their leaders and have a say in how their government is run. They also help ensure that those who hold public office are accountable to the people they serve.

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The Electoral Process

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Question 5 Report

When was the Nigeria flag designed?

1961

1959

1957

1962

Answer Details

The Nigeria flag was designed in 1959. It was the result of a national competition held to choose a new design for the country's flag ahead of its independence from British colonial rule. The competition was open to the public, and entries were received from all over the country. The winning design was created by a Nigerian student named Michael Taiwo Akinkunmi, who was studying in London at the time. Akinkunmi's design featured three vertical stripes of equal width: two green stripes on the edges and a white stripe in the middle. The green stripes represent Nigeria's agricultural wealth, while the white stripe symbolizes peace. The flag was officially hoisted on October 1, 1960, to mark Nigeria's independence from British colonial rule. In summary, the Nigeria flag was designed in 1959 as a result of a national competition, and it was officially hoisted on October 1, 1960.

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Question 6 Report

The primary reason for the establishment of political parties is to _______?

Attain political power

protect political interest

make law

lobby the government

Answer Details

The primary reason for the establishment of political parties is to attain political power. Political parties are organizations that are formed by individuals who share similar political beliefs and values, and they seek to gain power by winning elections. The goal of a political party is to put their candidates in positions of authority and influence, so that they can implement their policies and agendas. By winning elections, political parties can gain control of government institutions such as the legislature, executive and judiciary, and use that power to shape the direction of a country's political, social and economic policies. Therefore, the ultimate goal of political parties is to attain political power, which allows them to pursue their political objectives and implement their policies.

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Political Parties And Party Systems

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Question 7 Report

In the 18th century, a new wind of development blow over Europe and the development was referred to__________?

Labour Revolution

Doctrine Revolution

Industrial Revolution

Economic Revolution

Answer Details

The new wind of development that blew over Europe in the 18th century is referred to as the Industrial Revolution. This was a period of significant technological advancement, particularly in the manufacturing industry. It involved the introduction of new machines, methods, and processes that enabled mass production of goods. This, in turn, led to increased productivity, improved quality of goods, and reduced production costs. The Industrial Revolution brought about a significant shift from manual labor to machine-based production, which paved the way for modern industrialization. The effects of the Industrial Revolution were felt not only in Europe but also in other parts of the world and had a lasting impact on the global economy, society, and culture.

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Question 8 Report

________ is the art of wearing campaign paraphernalia or carrying signs to a polling centre with the intent of influencing voters?

polling centre

candidate

passive electioneering

electorate

Answer Details

Passive electioneering is the act of wearing campaign paraphernalia or carrying signs to a polling center with the intent of influencing voters. This is considered a form of campaigning, but is called "passive" because it does not involve actively approaching voters and trying to persuade them to vote for a particular candidate. Instead, it is simply a way for supporters of a candidate to show their support and make their presence known to voters in the area.

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Political Parties And Party Systems

The Electoral Process

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Question 9 Report

The organ that is responsible for the interpretation of law is known as _____?

Judiciary

Executive

Legislature

President

Answer Details

The organ that is responsible for the interpretation of law is the Judiciary. The Judiciary is the branch of government responsible for interpreting and enforcing the laws. It is made up of a system of courts, including the Supreme Court, which is the highest court in the land and is responsible for making final decisions on important legal cases. The Judiciary acts as a check on the power of the other branches of government, ensuring that they act within the bounds of the law and protecting the rights of citizens. In short, the Judiciary interprets the law and ensures that it is followed, making it an essential part of a democratic system of government.

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Organs Of Government

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Question 10 Report

One major merit of the Unitary system of government is that_______?

is most democratic

is cheaper to operate

eradicates co-operation

eliminate tyranny

Answer Details

It is cheaper to operate because unitary system of government is a system of government in which power is concentrated in a single system

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Federal/Unitary Systems Of Government In West Africa

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Question 11 Report

The Characteristics of the Civil Servants which prevents it's officers from addressing the press unless directed is known as ________

impartiality

neutrality

anonymity

impersonality

Answer Details

This is used to describe situations where the acting person's name is unknown

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Citizenship

The Civil Service

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Question 12 Report

What is the name of the motion brought before the chamber asking that leave be given to bring in a bill?

government motion

enactment

approval

leave

Answer Details

The name of the motion brought before the chamber asking that leave be given to bring in a bill is "leave." In parliamentary procedure, "leave" refers to the permission or authorization granted to a member to introduce a bill to the chamber. Before a bill can be formally introduced, the member must first seek the leave of the house by making a motion to that effect. This is often called the "leave to introduce" motion. If the motion for leave is granted, the member can then introduce the bill to the chamber. If the motion is not granted, the bill cannot be introduced at that time. The granting of leave is usually a formality, and is often given without debate or opposition, unless the bill is controversial or raises significant concerns among the members of the chamber.

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Processes Of Legislation

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Question 13 Report

One of the demerits of the privatization of public corporations in Nigeria is ?

scarcity of goods and services

higher cost of goods and services

creation of unemployment

inefficient service delivery

Answer Details

One of the problem of privatisation was due to the fact that their was to make profit, thereby affecting the consumer.

Read lesson note on Public Corporations And Parastatals (JAMB)

Read lesson note on State Structure And Characteristics Of Government (WAEC)

Public Corporations And Parastatals

State Structure And Characteristics Of Government

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Question 14 Report

The problem that has bedevilled many developing societies is known as ______?

Enforcement

Impartiality

Inefficient judicial institution

Corruption

Answer Details

The problem that has bedevilled many developing societies is known as Corruption. Corruption is when people in positions of power, such as government officials, use their authority for personal gain. This can include taking bribes, misusing government funds, or giving special treatment to certain individuals or companies. Corruption can have serious consequences for a society, including slowing economic growth, reducing the effectiveness of government services, and damaging the public's trust in leaders and institutions.

Read lesson note on Pressure Groups (JAMB)

Read lesson note on State Structure And Characteristics Of Government (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Political Ideologies (JAMB)

Read lesson note on Constitutions (WAEC)

Pressure Groups

State Structure And Characteristics Of Government

Political Ideologies

Constitutions

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Question 15 Report

New partnership for Africa's development was an attempt to overcome _______?

civil wars in africa

diseases in africa

obstacles to african development

coups in africa

Answer Details

The New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) was an attempt to overcome obstacles to African development. NEPAD was established in 2001 as a framework for Africa's socio-economic development, with the aim of promoting sustainable growth and reducing poverty on the continent. NEPAD was launched as a response to the challenges that Africa faced in achieving its development goals, such as underdevelopment, poverty, and the marginalization of Africa in the global economy. It recognized that a new approach to development was needed, one that emphasized the importance of good governance, accountability, and transparency, as well as increased investment in critical areas such as infrastructure, health, education, and agriculture. By focusing on these key areas, NEPAD sought to create an environment that would attract private investment and promote economic growth, while also addressing the underlying causes of poverty and underdevelopment in Africa. It was not specifically designed to overcome civil wars, diseases, or coups in Africa, but rather to create a framework for sustainable development that would address the root causes of these issues.

Read lesson note on Relations With African Countries (JAMB)

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Relations With African Countries

Structures Of Governance

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Question 16 Report

Bye laws are made by the _______?

judiciary

legislature

media

executive

Answer Details

Bye-laws are made by the legislature. Bye-laws are a set of rules or regulations that are made by local authorities or organizations to supplement existing laws or to provide detailed guidance on how to comply with them. These laws can cover a range of issues, including public health and safety, environmental protection, and social conduct. The legislature is responsible for making laws at the national or local level, depending on the jurisdiction. They have the power to create and modify laws that govern the behavior of citizens and organizations within their jurisdiction. In the case of bye-laws, the legislature delegates some of this authority to local authorities or organizations to create specific rules that are relevant to their communities or industries. In summary, the legislature is responsible for making bye-laws to provide detailed guidance on how to comply with existing laws and regulations, and to supplement them where necessary.

Read lesson note on Basic Concepts In Government (JAMB)

Basic Concepts In Government

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Question 17 Report

The head of government under the 1979 Constitution is the _____

president

prime minister

speaker of the house of represenative

senate president

Constitution

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Question 18 Report

The system of government by the political parties in a democratic country is known as ______?

Party system

Party structure

Public opinion

Political party

Answer Details

The system of government by the political parties in a democratic country is known as the Party System. A party system is a framework that organizes political parties and their competition for power in a democratic society. It refers to the number of parties that exist in a country, their ideologies, and their relationships with each other. A party system provides a way for citizens to participate in politics, elect representatives, and hold them accountable for their actions. In a party system, political parties compete for public office, with the goal of winning elections and implementing their policies. Different party systems can exist, such as a two-party system, multi-party system, or a dominant-party system. The party system of a country is important as it affects the political stability, the ability to form coalitions, and the representation of various interests in the political process. Therefore, the system of government by the political parties in a democratic country is known as the Party System, which is a crucial element of a functioning democracy.

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Political Parties And Party Systems

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Question 19 Report

Division of responsibilities into distinct branches to limit any branches from exercising the core functions of another is _______?

fusion of power

parliamentary system

aristocracy

separation of powers

Answer Details

The correct term is "separation of powers." Separation of powers is a system of government in which power is divided among different branches, such as the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The purpose of this system is to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful or abusing its authority. In this system, each branch has its own distinct responsibilities and powers, and these powers are carefully balanced to prevent any one branch from becoming dominant. For example, the legislative branch is responsible for making laws, the executive branch is responsible for enforcing laws, and the judicial branch is responsible for interpreting laws. The separation of powers is an important principle in many modern democracies, including the United States, and is intended to promote accountability, prevent abuse of power, and ensure that government serves the interests of the people.

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Read lesson note on Organs Of Government (WAEC)

Arms Of Government

Structures Of Governance

Organs Of Government

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Question 20 Report

One important agent of a political socialization is the _______?

political party structure

political party

party constitution

electoral college

Answer Details

One important agent of political socialization is the political party. Political socialization is the process by which individuals acquire their political attitudes, beliefs, and values. Political parties are important agents of political socialization because they play a significant role in shaping public opinion and influencing the political views of citizens. Political parties are organizations that represent different political ideologies, interests, and values. They provide a platform for individuals to engage in political discussions and participate in political activities. Political parties educate their members about their political views, policies, and candidates through campaign messages, speeches, and other forms of communication. In addition, political parties also help individuals to form a sense of political identity and belonging. They provide a way for citizens to connect with others who share their political views and values, and to work together towards common goals. Overall, political parties are important agents of political socialization because they provide individuals with a framework for understanding and engaging in the political process. They shape the political attitudes, beliefs, and values of citizens, and help to create a sense of political identity and community.

Read lesson note on Political Parties And Party Systems (WAEC)

Political Parties And Party Systems

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Question 21 Report

The organ of the UN that served as eustodiait of some African countries prior to their independence is _________?

The international court of justice

the security council

the truteeship council

the general assembly

Answer Details

They are the main body charged with the responsibility of policy-making and representative organ of the UN.

Read lesson note on International Organizations (JAMB)

International Organizations

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Question 22 Report

The appointment and dissolution of the board of directors of the public corporation fall under _______?

ministerial control

legislative control

political control

judicial control

Answer Details

The appointment and dissolution of the board of directors of a public corporation fall under ministerial control. This means that it is the responsibility of the relevant government ministry or department to oversee the appointment and dissolution of the board of directors of a public corporation. Typically, the appointment of the board of directors is made by the government ministry or department responsible for overseeing the public corporation. This is often done through a process of nomination, vetting, and approval. Once appointed, the board of directors is responsible for the overall direction and management of the public corporation, including making strategic decisions and overseeing its operations. The dissolution of the board of directors can also be carried out by the government ministry or department responsible for overseeing the public corporation. This may be done for various reasons, such as underperformance or misconduct. The ministry or department will typically have the authority to remove individual directors or dissolve the entire board and appoint a new one. In summary, the appointment and dissolution of the board of directors of a public corporation fall under ministerial control, which means that it is the responsibility of the relevant government ministry or department to oversee these processes.

Read lesson note on Public Corporations And Parastatals (JAMB)

Public Corporations And Parastatals

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Question 23 Report

Laws enacted by the legislature are known as ___ ?

Legislation

Legislature

Budget

Executive

Answer Details

The correct answer is "Legislation." When we talk about laws, we often think of them as rules that we have to follow. These rules are created by the government, which is made up of different branches. The branch that creates laws is called the legislature. The legislature is made up of elected representatives who create, debate, and vote on laws. Once a law is passed by the legislature, it is called legislation. The legislation can then be signed into law by the executive branch, which is responsible for enforcing the laws. So, in summary, laws created by the legislature are known as legislation.

Read lesson note on Processes Of Legislation (JAMB)

Processes Of Legislation

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Question 24 Report

The chairman of the 1976 constitution drafting committee was _____?

Udo udoma

Ademola Adetokunba

Rotimi Williams

Niki Tobi

Answer Details

Chief Frederick Rotimi Alade Williams was the first Nigerian to become Senior Advocates of Nigeria (SAN). The body held by him was formed to draft the constitution to be approved by the military administration under the regime of Obasanjo.

Read lesson note on Processes Of Legislation (JAMB)

Read lesson note on Post – Independence Constitutions (JAMB)

Processes Of Legislation

Post – Independence Constitutions

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Question 25 Report

The head of the palace in the pre-colonial hausa system is ?

Sarkin dawaki

sarkin gida

sarkin fada

sarkin ruwa

Answer Details

During the pre-colonial era, the head of palace officials was Sarking fada. Sarkin dawaki and Sarkin gida had no offices in the fulani pre-colonial era. Sarkin ruwa is another office in hausa-fulani in the pre-colonial era where his office was the river fishing official.

Read lesson note on Pre-colonial Political System Of Candidates’ Respective Countries (WAEC)

Pre-colonial Political System Of Candidates’ Respective Countries

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Question 26 Report

In the 1976 reforms and the local government generally, which regime constitutes the Ibrahim panel of 1984?

Major General Muhammadu Buhari Administration

Olusegun Obasanjo Administration

Goodluck Jonathan Administration

Ernest Shonekan Administration

Answer Details

The Ibrahim panel of 1984 was a committee set up by the Major General Muhammadu Buhari Administration in Nigeria. The committee was named after its chairman, Alhaji Ahmed Joda Ibrahim, and was tasked with reviewing the reforms carried out in the country's local government system by the previous government. To provide some context, in 1976, the military government of General Murtala Ramat Mohammed carried out a major restructuring of Nigeria's local government system. This restructuring involved the creation of new local government areas and the introduction of a system of democratically elected officials at the local government level. However, some critics argued that the reforms were not properly implemented and were riddled with corruption. When Major General Muhammadu Buhari came to power in a military coup in 1983, he set up the Ibrahim panel to review the local government reforms of 1976. The panel was tasked with assessing the effectiveness and impact of the reforms, identifying any weaknesses or shortcomings, and making recommendations for improvement. In summary, the Ibrahim panel of 1984 was a committee set up by the Major General Muhammadu Buhari Administration to review the local government reforms carried out by the previous government in 1976.

Read lesson note on Local Government (JAMB)

Local Government

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Question 27 Report

Iran, Iraq and which countries first created OPEC?

Kuwait, Saudi Arabia

Venezuela, Dubai, Greece

Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait

Venezuela, Vienna.

International Organizations

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Question 28 Report

The essence of ECOWAS is to________

bring political parties together

foster interstate economic and political co-operation

emerging political event

expansion of scopes and powers

Answer Details

The essence of ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States) is to foster economic and political cooperation among its member states in West Africa. This means that the organization aims to promote trade and investment among its members, as well as to enhance regional integration and development. Additionally, ECOWAS works to promote peace and security in the region through conflict prevention and resolution mechanisms. In summary, ECOWAS seeks to bring West African countries closer together in order to improve the well-being and prosperity of their people.

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Foreign Policy

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Question 29 Report

The industrial relations system in the USA tremendously influenced the experience of _________?

Great Britain

Canada

South America

India

Answer Details

The industrial relations system in the USA tremendously influenced the experience of Great Britain, Canada, South America, and India. The industrial relations system refers to the complex web of relationships between employers, employees, and unions in the workplace. The American system of industrial relations, which emerged in the early 20th century, had a significant impact on the development of labor relations in other countries around the world. For example, in Great Britain, the trade union movement drew inspiration from the American labor movement, adopting many of its tactics and strategies for collective bargaining and industrial action. Similarly, in Canada, the American model of industrial relations influenced the development of labor law and the structure of labor-management relations. In South America, the American model of industrial relations was introduced by American companies operating in the region, and it had a significant impact on the development of labor relations in those countries. In India, the American model of industrial relations played a role in the development of the country's labor laws and the formation of trade unions. In summary, the American model of industrial relations had a significant impact on the development of labor relations in many countries around the world, including Great Britain, Canada, South America, and India.

Read lesson note on Relations With African Countries (JAMB)

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Relations With African Countries

Foreign Policy

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Question 30 Report

The primary source of fund for local government is ________?

grant

loan

statutory allocation

fines

Answer Details

The primary source of fund for local government is statutory allocation. Statutory allocation is a portion of the national revenue that is set aside by the federal government for distribution to local governments. This allocation is derived from various sources such as taxes, tariffs, and other forms of revenue generated by the federal government. The allocation is usually distributed on a monthly basis to each local government based on the revenue generated by the federal government. Grants are another source of funding for local governments, but they are not the primary source. Grants are typically provided by the federal or state government for specific projects or initiatives. Loans are also another source of funding, but they are usually not a primary source, as local governments may have to pay back the loans with interest, which can be difficult to do with limited revenue. Fines may generate revenue, but they are not a reliable source of income, as they are dependent on the occurrence of specific events, such as violations of laws or regulations.

Read lesson note on Local Government (JAMB)

Local Government

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Question 31 Report

The elective principle was introduced by which constitution?

Macpherson Constitution of 1951

Clifford Constitution of 1922

Richard Constitution of 1946

Lyttleton Constitution of 1954

Constitution

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Question 32 Report

A major difference between a pressure group and a political party is that whereas the latter aims at winning power the former__________?

execute government policies

aims at winning election

influencing government policies

nominates potential leaders for government

Answer Details

A major difference between a pressure group and a political party is that whereas the latter aims at winning power, the former aims at influencing government policies. A political party is an organized group of people with similar political beliefs and goals that seeks to win elections in order to gain control of the government and implement their policies. Political parties aim to have their candidates elected to public office so that they can exercise power and make decisions that reflect their party's principles. On the other hand, a pressure group is a group of individuals or organizations that share a common interest or goal and try to influence government policies and decisions without seeking to win political power. Pressure groups work to promote their specific interests and causes by lobbying politicians, holding protests, engaging in public education campaigns, and using other means to influence public opinion and policy. Therefore, the main objective of a pressure group is to influence the policies of the government rather than to win political power or elections. Unlike political parties, pressure groups do not seek to hold public office or govern the country. Instead, they work to shape public opinion and bring attention to their causes by putting pressure on those in power to adopt policies that align with their goals.

Read lesson note on Local Government (JAMB)

Read lesson note on Pressure Groups, Public Opinion And Mass Media (WAEC)

Read lesson note on The Electoral Systems, Processes And Electoral Management Body (WAEC)

Local Government

Pressure Groups, Public Opinion And Mass Media

The Electoral Systems, Processes And Electoral Management Body

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Question 33 Report

The African country that was not colonized is ______?

Sudana

Botswana

Gambia

Ethiopia

Answer Details

The African country that was not colonized by European powers is Ethiopia. Ethiopia is located in the Horn of Africa and has a long history of independence and resistance against European colonization. Despite attempts by Italian forces to conquer Ethiopia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Ethiopian forces, led by Emperor Menelik II, successfully defended their sovereignty and defeated the Italians at the Battle of Adwa in 1896. This victory marked a significant turning point in African history and helped to inspire other African nations in their struggles against colonialism.

Read lesson note on Military Rule In The Candidates’ Respective Countries. (WAEC)

Military Rule In The Candidates’ Respective Countries.

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Question 34 Report

The transfer of certain powers and functions by means of constitutional or legislation process to the lowest levels of government is known as ___ ?

Delegation

Devolution

Deconcentration

Decentralisation

Structures Of Governance

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Question 35 Report

he identifiable spheres of control which the central government exercise over local government is known as ____?

Supervisory Control

Judicial Control

Audit Control

Appointment Control

Local Government

Basic Concepts In Government

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Question 36 Report

The indirect dimension of changing the government is known as ___ ?

coup de ta't

military rule

election

electorate

Answer Details

The term used for the indirect or illegal dimension of changing the government.

Read lesson note on Military Rule In The Candidates’ Respective Countries. (WAEC)

Military Rule In The Candidates’ Respective Countries.

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Question 37 Report

The totality of Nigeria's participation in the international system is known as ______?

International policy

foreign policy

economic policy

social policy

Answer Details

These are policy at which all the citizen shows concern to politics and the society. It is the means by which welfare state and economic performance can be meet.

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International Organizations

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Question 38 Report

Dispute among member state of ECOWAS are settled by _________?

The Technical and specialized commission

Board of Trustee

The community tribunal

The council of minister

Answer Details

Disputes among member states of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) are settled by the Community Tribunal. The Community Tribunal is an independent judicial body within ECOWAS responsible for settling disputes between member states and between individuals and member states. It provides a platform for resolving conflicts and disputes through a fair and impartial legal process, helping to maintain peace and stability within the region.

Read lesson note on Structures Of Governance (JAMB)

Structures Of Governance

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Question 39 Report

In the United States, what do they call by-election?

special election

by polls

general election

recall

Answer Details

In the United States, a by-election is typically called a "special election." A special election is a type of election held outside of the regular election cycle to fill an unexpected vacancy in an elected office, such as a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives or the U.S. Senate, or a state or local office. Special elections are usually held when a sitting elected official resigns, dies, or is removed from office before their term is up. The purpose of a special election is to ensure that the affected constituency is represented in the interim until the next regular election cycle.

Read lesson note on The Electoral Process (JAMB)

The Electoral Process

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Question 40 Report

The needs of the citizen are made known to the government through ____?

judiciary

political party

civil service

public opinion

Answer Details

The needs of the citizen are made known to the government through public opinion. Public opinion refers to the attitudes, views, and beliefs of a large number of people in a society about a particular issue or set of issues. Citizens can express their opinions through various channels such as elections, surveys, public demonstrations, media, and other forms of communication. The government can then take these opinions into account when making decisions that affect the population. By listening to public opinion, the government can better understand the needs and concerns of its citizens, and make decisions that reflect their interests.

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