JAMB UTME - Literature In English - 2004

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The two gentlemen in the excerpt above are Marlow and Hastings.

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A dramatic composition or musical play in which many or all the words are sung is called an "opera". In an opera, the story is typically conveyed through music, singing, and sometimes dance, rather than through spoken dialogue. The singers in an opera are accompanied by an orchestra, and the music is often composed specifically for the production. Operas can be performed in a variety of languages and can cover a range of subject matter, from tragedies to comedies.

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The last major battle in George Orwell's Animal Farm is the battle of the Windmill. This battle takes place after the pigs have completed their collaboration with the humans and are working with them to build the windmill. The animals are then attacked by the humans, who destroy the windmill. The animals successfully defend themselves and the farm from the humans, but at a great cost. Many animals are injured or killed, including Boxer the horse, who is later sold to a glue factory by the pigs.

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The lines "Be him English, Be him African, Be him Nigerian" are an example of anaphora. Anaphora is a literary device where a word or phrase is repeated at the beginning of successive phrases or sentences. In this case, the phrase "Be him" is repeated three times at the beginning of each phrase, emphasizing the importance of identity in relation to nationality and ethnicity.

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In a narration, the first person refers to a participant in the story who is telling the story from their own perspective. It is a point of view where the narrator refers to themselves using first-person pronouns such as "I," "me," "my," and "mine." The first-person point of view can provide a more intimate and personal perspective on the events in the story, as the reader experiences the story through the narrator's thoughts, feelings, and experiences. Therefore, the correct answer is "a participant."

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The author's attitude towards Inman in the passage above is one of ridicule. The use of the phrase "odd-looking duck" and the description of Inman as being made up of a series of balls piled one atop the other suggest that the author is mocking or making fun of Inman's appearance. Additionally, the description of his hair as being slicked back over his small round head further reinforces this attitude of ridicule.

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The deliberate imitation of a literary style with the intention of ridiculing or mocking it is known as parody. It is a form of satire that uses humor, irony, exaggeration, and other techniques to poke fun at a particular work or style. Parodies can take many forms, including literature, music, film, and art, and they often require a certain level of familiarity with the original work or style to fully appreciate the humor.

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The allusion in the excerpt is biblical. The phrase "pass through the needle's eye" is a direct reference to a verse in the Bible (Matthew 19:24), where Jesus says, "it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God." This biblical allusion suggests that the rich and guilty in society are so well-fed and comfortable that they cannot pass through the narrow gate of moral judgment and accountability. The "noose of public contempt" hanging idle at the market place further emphasizes the lack of consequence and punishment for their wrongdoing. Overall, this allusion highlights the theme of social inequality and the corrupting influence of wealth and power in society.

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Based on the passage, it can be inferred that the unknown woman is dead. The passage describes how Senhor Jose had found the "place where she lay, a good six feet beneath an earth" and that he wasn't sure what else he should do. Additionally, there is no mention of the woman being awake or running away, and falling asleep would not be relevant in the context.

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The events in the novel Animal Farm by George Orwell are set in an imagined world. The story takes place on a farm where the animals rebel against their human owner and establish their own society. The animals learn to read and write, create their own rules and government, and strive to build a better life for themselves. While the story has some similarities to real human societies and historical events, it is a work of fiction that presents an allegory of political power and corruption.

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The epilogue of the play "She Stoops to Conquer" deals with the impermanence of "love." This is because the epilogue talks about how the play might not be remembered in the future, but as long as people continue to fall in love, the sentiments and emotions of the play will always be relevant. The speaker of the epilogue says that love is the only thing that can outlast the passage of time and the changing tastes of society. Therefore, it can be concluded that the impermanence of love is the main theme of the epilogue.

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The exclusive right given to authors to protect their works from unlawful production is called "a copyright." A copyright is a legal concept that gives the owner of a creative work the exclusive right to control its use and distribution. This means that only the copyright owner has the right to reproduce or distribute the work, or to create derivative works based on the original. The purpose of copyright is to encourage the creation and distribution of creative works by providing legal protection to authors and creators, and to ensure that they are appropriately compensated for their efforts.

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In the novel "The Triumph of the Water Lily" by S.I Osammor, Nkem leaves Odili's house because she is not a faithful wife. She had an affair with Christopher, who is Odili's friend, and feels guilty about it. She believes that leaving Odili's house is the right thing to do to make amends for her infidelity and to save her marriage.

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In J.P Clark's The Wives' Revolt, the 'Proclamation' and 'Reclamation' segments of the play are performed both on-stage and off-stage. This means that some parts are performed by characters who are physically present on the stage while others are performed by a chorus of characters who are not visible to the audience and are located off-stage. So, the performance involves a combination of both on-stage and off-stage elements.

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The ideological leader of the revolution in George Orwell's Animal Farm is Old Major. Old Major is a wise old boar who is respected by all the animals on the farm. He is the one who comes up with the idea of a rebellion against their human owner, Mr. Jones, and teaches the animals the song "Beasts of England" which becomes the anthem of the revolution. Old Major is the one who inspires the animals to fight for their freedom and equal rights. He explains to them that their miserable lives are a result of the exploitation by humans and that they should rise up against them. Old Major's speech serves as a foundation for the principles of Animalism, which becomes the basis of the revolution. Although Old Major dies before the rebellion takes place, his vision and teachings remain at the heart of the animal's struggle for freedom. Therefore, he is considered the ideological leader of the revolution.

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In the given passage, the poet is criticizing and mocking someone (referred to as "my brother") for being a hypocrite and a sycophant. The tone is mocking and contemptuous, which suggests a sarcastic attitude. Therefore, the poet's attitude is sarcastic.

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The setting in pastoral poetry is usually idyllic. Pastoral poetry is a type of poetry that depicts rural life, nature, and the simple pleasures of life in a beautiful and harmonious way. The idyllic setting is often portrayed as a peaceful and idealized version of the countryside, where shepherds, nymphs, and other rural folk lead a carefree and uncomplicated life in communion with nature. This type of setting serves to create a sense of nostalgia and escape from the complexities of modern life.

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The phrase 'a huge senseless cathedral of doom' in Kofi Awoonor's poem 'The Cathedral' implies meaningless foreign religious practices. The speaker in the poem expresses frustration and disappointment with the way in which Western religion has been imposed on African culture. The image of the cathedral, which represents the epitome of Western religious architecture, is described as "senseless" and a symbol of doom. The phrase suggests that the speaker sees the imposition of Western religion on African culture as a negative and destructive force.

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The poetic device that forcefully brings together two seemingly unrelated ideas or concepts is called conceit. It is used to create a surprising and striking comparison between two things that are not alike, but share some similarities. It helps to create an imaginative and often elaborate analogy or metaphor. For example, in John Donne's poem "A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning," he compares two lovers to the legs of a compass, which although separate, are still connected at the center.

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The major thematic preoccupation of Oliver Goldsmith's play "She Stoops to Conquer" is the problems of class and English mannerisms. The play is a satire that pokes fun at the mannerisms of the English upper class and highlights the problems of class distinction. The play portrays the upper-class characters as snobbish and pretentious, while the lower-class characters are portrayed as genuine and sincere. The play also explores the theme of mistaken identity, as the characters struggle to distinguish between the upper and lower classes. Overall, "She Stoops to Conquer" is a commentary on the social hierarchy of 18th century England and the challenges of navigating class distinctions in society.

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The enriching feature of the play "She Stoops to Conquer" is the manipulation of appearance and reality. The play has many instances of mistaken identities and miscommunications between the characters, which create comic situations. The characters often assume false identities to achieve their goals, leading to humorous misunderstandings. This theme of appearance vs. reality is explored throughout the play, making it an enriching feature.

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The point of denouement in a literary work is the point of the resolution of the puzzling issues. It's the point in the plot where the mysteries and conflicts of the story are finally resolved, and the outcome of the plot becomes clear to the reader. It's the point where the tension and conflict that have been building throughout the story reach a climax and are finally resolved. In other words, it's the moment when the story's loose ends are tied up, and the reader gains a clear understanding of what has happened in the story.

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The poet-persona in this excerpt expresses a feeling of nostalgia, which is a longing for a place or time that has passed. The use of the phrase "away from home" suggests that the persona is in a place that is not familiar or comfortable to them, and the mention of tears and the word "lament" further emphasize the sense of sadness and loss. The persona is alone and their lips carry a song and tears homewards, which indicates a strong desire to return to a place that is familiar and comforting, but which is currently out of reach.

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David Diop's poem "Loser of Everything" can be seen as an account of warfare between an African community and an invading force. The poem depicts the brutal and devastating effects of war on African communities, including the loss of loved ones, property, and even identity. The speaker in the poem mourns the destruction and devastation wrought by war, and laments the fact that his people have become "losers of everything." The poem can be interpreted as a commentary on the destructive legacy of colonialism and the struggles faced by African nations to regain their independence and rebuild their communities in the aftermath of war. Therefore, the correct option is: - an account of warfare between an African community and an invading force.

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Periphrasis in poetic diction is marked by circumlocution. Circumlocution is a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is replaced by a longer or more complex expression in order to convey a meaning in a more indirect or less offensive way. In other words, it is a roundabout way of saying something instead of directly stating it. This technique is often used in poetry to add elegance, variety, and depth to the language used.