JAMB UTME - Government - 2019

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The most recent target plans and agenda of the United Nations are known as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The Sustainable Development Goals are a set of 17 global goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015. These goals aim to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure peace and prosperity for all people by the year 2030. The SDGs cover a range of issues including poverty, hunger, health, education, gender equality, water and sanitation, energy, the environment, and more. They are meant to be a blueprint for a better and more sustainable future for all people, with a focus on the most vulnerable and marginalized communities.

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The correct answer is: Civil Service; Public Service. The Civil Service is the body of employees that are responsible for implementing the policies and programs of the government. Their primary duty is to ensure that the policies and programs of the government are carried out effectively and efficiently. The Public Service, on the other hand, is the entire system of people and organizations that work together to deliver services to the public. This includes not only the Civil Service, but also other bodies such as local government, healthcare providers, and educational institutions. Therefore, the primary duty of the Civil Service is to implement the target programmes of the government, as part of the broader duty of the Public Service to deliver services to the public.

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Political socialisation refers to the series of learning processes and experiences which serve to sharpen the orientation and perspective of the people to their democratic affairs.

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The power of impeachment belongs to the legislature to check the Executive act of gross misconduct while Re-call is exercisable within the reach of the electorates.

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The National Council of Nigerian Citizens (NCNC) produced Nigeria's first Prime Minister, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa. NCNC was one of the main political parties in Nigeria during the country's independence movement in the mid-20th century. Balewa, who was a member of the NCNC, became Nigeria's first Prime Minister when the country gained independence from Britain in 1960.

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The newspaper established by Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe to project the interest of nationalists was the West African Pilot. The West African Pilot was a newspaper founded in 1937 by Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, who later became the first President of Nigeria. The newspaper was established to promote the interests of Nigerian nationalists and to serve as a platform for the expression of their political views and aspirations. The West African Pilot quickly gained popularity and became one of the most influential newspapers in the region. It advocated for Nigerian independence, social justice, and African unity, and featured articles on various topics, including politics, economics, culture, and sports. The newspaper played a critical role in the Nigerian struggle for independence and provided a voice for many Nigerians who felt marginalized or oppressed by the colonial authorities. It also served as a forum for intellectual and cultural debates and helped to shape the identity and consciousness of Nigerians as a people. In summary, the West African Pilot was a newspaper established by Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe to advance the interests of Nigerian nationalists and to promote their vision of a free, just, and prosperous Nigeria. It was a significant force in the political, social, and cultural life of Nigeria and contributed to the emergence of a new generation of leaders and thinkers in the country.

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The sum total of all activities exerted by the majority with enthusiasm actively involving in all aspects of their political sphere is the best answer not only because is the all encompassing answer but also because popular political participation is the aggegration of all efforts of the citizens partaking delibrately and consciously in their governance affairs.

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Recognizing and acknowledging the relative importance of direct participation and contribution by people in their own affairs, the All-Nigerian Constitutional Conference marked an unprecendented attendance of all previously relegated unofficial members of the local legislature.

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The primary essence of a public corporation is public utility. A public corporation is a legal entity that is created by the government to perform a specific public function. The primary purpose of a public corporation is to provide essential services to the public, such as transportation, water supply, and electricity, among others. These services are necessary for the well-being of the general public, and as such, the public corporation is created to ensure that they are efficiently and effectively provided. While a public corporation may generate revenue and make a profit, the main focus is on providing public services rather than maximizing profits. As a result, a public corporation is subject to more regulation and oversight than a private corporation, as it is accountable to the public and the government. In summary, the primary essence of a public corporation is public utility, as it is created by the government to provide essential services to the public rather than to maximize profits or formulate government policies or resolve administrative disputes.

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Nigeria joined the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in 1971. OPEC is a group of countries that produce and export oil, and it was founded in 1960. Nigeria, which is a major oil-producing country, joined OPEC a few years after its independence from British colonial rule in 1960. As a member of OPEC, Nigeria participates in discussions and decisions that affect the global oil market, such as setting production levels and prices. Joining OPEC also provided Nigeria with a platform to strengthen its relationships with other oil-producing nations and to have a greater say in the management of the global oil industry.

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Delegated Legislation is supported largely because certain specialist idea is needed for the purpose of rule making on areas upon which the legislature may not have sufficient knowledge and skill in. Example, the INEC is empowered to make election guidelines and regulations aside the Electoral Act and in furtherance of its duties.

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The EFCC as it is, is an executive body that must discharge its functions strictly in line with the reasons for its establishment. None of those functions extend to exercising judicial powers by punishing and conducting trials for suspects, which the strict duty of the court.

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The ideology of regressive imperialism is pure economic advantage and enrichment of the imperialists devoid of any ethical consideration.

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The form of government organized by a council of military officers is called a Military Junta. This means that a group of military officers has taken control of the government and is making decisions for the country. The military junta can rule directly or indirectly, and they may or may not allow for elections or democratic processes. Militocracy refers to a government dominated by the military, while Stratocracy refers to a government where military power is the dominant force in the society. Mobocracy is a form of government where the mob or the people have control, often characterized by lawlessness and disorder.

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The Authur Richard Constitution of 1946 set the foundational road map for a full fledged federalism for Nigeria starting essentially with the Lyttleton's 1954 Constitution, and built upon thereafter.

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In recent times, one of the proposed solutions to address the challenges related to the federal structure of Nigeria is "restructuring". Restructuring essentially means a fundamental change in the way power and resources are distributed between the central government and the constituent units (such as states) in the country. Advocates of restructuring argue that it would help address some of the major issues facing Nigeria such as the over-concentration of power and resources in the central government, the marginalization of some regions, and the inability of the federal government to effectively address the diverse needs of the country's different regions. The specific proposals for restructuring may vary, but they generally involve reducing the powers of the federal government and devolving more powers and resources to the states, including control over natural resources, revenue generation, and the establishment of state police forces. However, there are also opposing views that restructuring could lead to the fragmentation of the country and potentially fuel secessionist movements. Ultimately, the debate around restructuring is ongoing and will require extensive dialogue and engagement among various stakeholders in Nigeria.

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The National Party of Nigeria (NPN) is popularly known for its Green Revolution agricultural project in the late 1978s.

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The current Secretary-General of the United Nations is Antonio Guterres. He took office on January 1, 2017, and his term is set to last until December 31, 2021. The Secretary-General of the United Nations is the head of the United Nations organization, which is made up of 193 member states. The Secretary-General is responsible for promoting peace, advocating for human rights, and working to address global problems like poverty, climate change, and disease. The Secretary-General is appointed by the General Assembly, with the recommendation of the Security Council, for a five-year term and can be re-appointed for a second five-year term. Antonio Guterres, a former Prime Minister of Portugal, has a long history of working on global issues, including serving as the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.

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The Hakimi was the titled administrative officers in charge of the districts in the heterogeneous Hausa/Fulani Empire.

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Unlike the position under the present 1999 Constitution as amended, each state was permitted to elect 5 senators into the House of Representatives.

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The General Assembly is the most representative organ of the United Nations. This is because all 193 member states of the United Nations have equal representation in the General Assembly, meaning each country has one vote. The General Assembly meets once a year and is responsible for discussing and making recommendations on a wide range of issues, including peace and security, development, and human rights. The General Assembly is also responsible for electing members to other UN bodies, such as the Security Council and the Economic and Social Council. In this way, the General Assembly represents the collective voice of all member states in the United Nations.

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Under the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria, the Chief Law Officer is the Attorney-General and the Supreme Court Judge is the Chief Justice. The Attorney-General is responsible for giving legal advice to the government and representing the government in legal matters. The Chief Justice, on the other hand, is the head of the Supreme Court and presides over the court. The Chief Justice is responsible for ensuring that the judiciary operates effectively and efficiently and for interpreting the constitution.

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Citizenship by naturalization refers to the process by which a non-citizen becomes a legal member of a state. It is different from citizenship by marriage or registration, which involve different criteria for obtaining citizenship. Naturalization usually involves satisfying constitutional requirements, such as residing in the country for a certain period of time, passing a citizenship test, and demonstrating knowledge of the country's language and customs. It is an honorable way of attaining citizenship, but it is not an honorary means. Citizenship by birth, on the other hand, is when someone is automatically granted citizenship by being born in a particular country, regardless of their parents' nationality. Naturalization is a legal process that involves the judiciary, but it is not certification for citizenship by birth.

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The Executive Council of the African Union makes decisions by consensus. This means that all members of the council work together to reach a common agreement that everyone can support. Consensus is a decision-making process where everyone's opinions and concerns are taken into account and a solution is reached that is acceptable to all. It is a collaborative approach that encourages open communication, active listening, and compromise. Unlike a majority vote, consensus ensures that everyone's ideas are valued and incorporated into the final decision, leading to more effective and inclusive outcomes. The veto of the General Secretariat is not a decision-making mechanism used by the Executive Council.

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Seek an appeal under another judgement is the best answer because the right to seek redress as a fundamental element of rule of law must mean that aggrieved parties should be afforded the opportunity to have their cases re-examined especially by a court of higher authority.

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The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) is an organ of the United Nations. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization founded in 1945 to promote peace, security, and cooperation among nations. It has 193 member states and operates through various bodies and specialized agencies, one of which is the ECOSOC. The ECOSOC is responsible for promoting international economic and social cooperation and development. It serves as a forum for member states to discuss and coordinate on issues related to economic and social development, and also provides recommendations to the UN General Assembly on these issues. In simple terms, the ECOSOC is a part of the UN that focuses on improving the world's economy and society.

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The correct option is: PDP, APGA, AD. PDP refers to the People's Democratic Party, which is a political party in Nigeria. APGA stands for All Progressives Grand Alliance, which is a political party in Nigeria. AD stands for Alliance for Democracy, which is a political party in Nigeria. These parties were active during the 4th republic in Nigeria, which was from 1999 to 2007.

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In a democratic system, the people have the power to choose their leaders and the policies that govern them. This is typically done through free and fair elections, where each person gets one vote, and the candidate or policy with the most votes wins. This is known as majority vote. However, in a true democracy, it's also important to protect the rights of minorities and ensure that legal sovereignty is not unquestionable. This means that even if the majority of people support a certain policy or candidate, it cannot violate the fundamental rights of individuals or groups. The use of an electoral college is not always necessary in a democratic system, as it depends on the specific rules and processes of each country. Some countries use direct elections, where the person with the most votes wins, while others use a system of delegates or representatives to select their leaders. Finally, while the majority vote is the most common way of making decisions in a democratic system, it's also important to ensure that the rights and interests of minorities are not ignored. This can be achieved through various means, such as protecting individual rights, promoting dialogue and compromise, and creating systems of checks and balances to prevent the abuse of power.

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The last measure used by pressure groups that involves setting a condition to be met within a specific timeframe is called an "ultimatum". An ultimatum is a final demand or condition that is presented as the last option by a pressure group to achieve their desired outcome. It is often used when other methods like lobbying or dialogue have failed to yield the desired result. The ultimatum usually comes with a threat of action or consequence if the condition is not met within the specified timeframe. For example, a pressure group advocating for better wages for workers may issue an ultimatum to the management of a company, demanding a pay raise for workers within a certain timeframe. If the company fails to meet the condition, the pressure group may resort to more aggressive tactics like strikes or protests.

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The dwindling and market falls in oil prices are prime indicators for Nigeria's politico-economic consideration for diversification. This means that Nigeria is looking to move away from relying solely on oil as its main source of income and looking to develop other industries and sectors that can contribute to the country's economy. This is important because relying solely on oil can be risky, as the price of oil is often affected by global market forces and can fall suddenly, leading to economic instability. By diversifying its economy, Nigeria can reduce its dependence on oil and become more resilient to economic shocks.

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The correct answer is the Organization of African Unity (OAU), which was formed in 1963. The OAU was established with the goal of promoting unity and cooperation among African countries, particularly in the face of colonialism and racism. The organization aimed to promote decolonization and anti-racism initiatives on the continent, and to work towards the liberation of African countries still under colonial rule. It played a significant role in the struggle against apartheid in South Africa, and helped to bring an end to colonialism in many other African countries. The OAU also served as a platform for African leaders to discuss and address issues facing the continent, such as conflict, economic development, and political stability.

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The cultural organization that metamorphosed into the Northern People's Congress (NPC) was the Jamiyyar Mutanen Arewa (JMA). Jamiyyar Mutanen Arewa, which means "Society of Northern Youths," was a cultural organization formed in 1946 by a group of young educated northerners who aimed to promote the interests of the people of the northern region of Nigeria. The organization became a political party, the Northern People's Congress (NPC), in 1951, with the objective of representing the political interests of the people of the northern region. The NPC went on to become a dominant political force in the northern region, and played a significant role in the politics of Nigeria in the 1950s and 1960s. The NPC was one of the three major political parties in Nigeria's First Republic, which lasted from 1960 to 1966.

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The duty of amending the United Nations Charter, the foundational document that established the United Nations, falls under the responsibility of the General Assembly. The General Assembly is the main deliberative body of the United Nations, where all member states have equal representation and participate in decision-making on important issues related to international peace and security, development, human rights, and more. Amending the Charter is a serious matter that requires a consensus among the member states, and the General Assembly plays a critical role in facilitating the process of proposing, debating, and adopting any changes to the Charter. Therefore, the General Assembly is the appropriate body to undertake this responsibility.

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It must be stated with emphatic clarity that the annexation of Lagos as a 'Colony' in 1861 is significant to the effectuation of colonialism in Nigeria. All the other factors of economic advantage and the spread of christianity are complementary and implied reasons.

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A public authority is said to have ultra vires when it has acted beyond the boundaries of its duties as provided for in its enabling law or as prescribed by the Executive.

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The Armed Forces Ruling Council (AFRC) is attributable to the military regime of Ibrahim Babangida in Nigeria. The AFRC was the highest decision-making body during Babangida's rule from 1985 to 1993, and it was made up of military officers who ruled the country by decree. The council was established after Babangida overthrew the previous military regime of Muhammadu Buhari, and it continued to wield significant power until Babangida's eventual resignation in 1993. Therefore, "Ibrahim Babangida's regime," is the correct answer.

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The hausa/fulani empire for geo-political reasons apportioned different portfolios of authorities for serve the multiplicity of functions and administrative interests. The offices of Sarkin fada, as head of palace workers, Waziri as prime minister among others are pointers in this regard.

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A liberal political party often seeks to argue for change and transformation of the present state of things in a state including those matters of relative social and economic importance.

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The area from which one or more members or representatives are elected to hold public office is called the electoral constituency. This means that the people who live in a particular geographical area, such as a neighborhood or region, get to vote for the person they want to represent them in government. This person can be elected to represent their constituency at the local, state, or national level, depending on the rules of the particular electoral system. The electoral constituency is an important part of the democratic process, as it allows individuals to have a say in who represents them and makes decisions on their behalf.

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A moral or legal conviction for the observance of the constitution may be described as "constitutionalism". Constitutionalism is the principle that a government's authority is derived from and limited by a country's constitution. It means that all individuals, including those in positions of power, are subject to the law and must adhere to the rules and principles outlined in the constitution. Constitutionalism helps to ensure that a government's power is not abused, and that the rights and freedoms of citizens are protected. It also provides a framework for the functioning of the government, its institutions, and its relationship with the people it governs.