WAEC SSCE - Financial Accounting - 2017

A suspense account is used in the 

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Use the following information to answer the question below

Use the following information to answer the question below

Opening stock---------2,300
Purchases-------------11,874
Sales--------------------18,600
Closing stock-----------3,600
Cost of goods sold---11,500

What is the rate of stock turnover?

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To calculate the rate of stock turnover, we need to use the following formula: Stock Turnover Ratio = Cost of Goods Sold / Average Stock We are given the following information: - Opening stock = 2,300 - Purchases = 11,874 - Sales = 18,600 - Closing stock = 3,600 - Cost of goods sold = 11,500 To calculate the average stock, we can use the following formula: Average Stock = (Opening Stock + Closing Stock) / 2 Plugging in the values, we get: Average Stock = (2,300 + 3,600) / 2 Average Stock = 2,950 Now we can calculate the stock turnover ratio: Stock Turnover Ratio = Cost of Goods Sold / Average Stock Stock Turnover Ratio = 11,500 / 2,950 Stock Turnover Ratio = 3.898 This means that the stock was turned over 3.898 times during the given period. However, it is usually expressed as a whole number, so we can round it to the nearest whole number. Therefore, the answer is 4 times. In simpler terms, this means that the company sold and replaced its entire stock 4 times during the given period.

Carriage outward expenses of a business are treated in the 

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Use the following information to answer the question below

Nzemaman Local Government incurred the following expenditure in the year 2015. 

Construction of market stalls 120,000
Staff salaries-------------------    40,000
Purchase of stationery--------- - 9,000
Sinking of boreholes------------
Building of classrooms
Maintenance of vehicles 
Purchase of equipment

Capital expenditure for the local government is 

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The capital expenditure for the local government is D 473,000. Capital expenditure refers to the money spent on acquiring, improving, or maintaining fixed assets, such as land, buildings, equipment, and infrastructure, that are expected to provide economic benefits to the local government for more than one year. From the information given, the items that qualify as capital expenditure are: - Construction of market stalls - Sinking of boreholes - Building of classrooms - Purchase of equipment Therefore, the total capital expenditure for Nzemaman Local Government is: 120,000 (Construction of market stalls) + 0 (Sinking of boreholes - assumed to be financed by government grants or other sources) + 0 (Building of classrooms - assumed to be financed by government grants or other sources) + Purchase of equipment (D 353,000) = D 473,000 The other items of expenditure, such as staff salaries, purchase of stationery, maintenance of vehicles, are revenue expenditures, which are expenses incurred in the normal course of business operations and are charged to the profit and loss account for the year. Hence, the answer is D 473,000.

A reserve is an amount 

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A reserve is an amount set aside from a company's profits for a specific purpose or to prepare for an unknown liability. Reserves are usually created by a company's management to ensure that the company has adequate funds to meet its future obligations or to fund future projects. They can also be created to distribute profits to shareholders or to strengthen the company's financial position. For example, a company may create a reserve for a known future obligation, such as a legal settlement or pension payment, by setting aside a portion of its profits each year to fund the obligation when it becomes due. Alternatively, a company may create a reserve for an unknown liability, such as a potential lawsuit or environmental cleanup, to ensure that it has sufficient funds available if the liability materializes. Reserves can also be created for other purposes, such as to fund future expansion or investment projects, to distribute profits to shareholders, or to strengthen the company's financial position by building up its cash reserves. In summary, a reserve is an amount set aside from a company's profits for a specific purpose or to prepare for an unknown liability, and is usually created by the company's management to ensure that the company has adequate funds to meet its future obligations or to fund future projects.

Interest on partners drawings are debited in the
 

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Which of the following accounts are found in the nominal ledger?
I. Advertising
ll.Motor repairs
lll. Additions to the motor vehicle

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Use the following information to answer the question below

Opening stock---------2,300
Purchases-------------11,874
Sales--------------------18,600
Closing stock-----------3,600
Cost of goods sold---11,500

The percentage of gross profit to sales is

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The percentage of gross profit to sales is 38.17%. Gross profit is calculated as sales revenue minus the cost of goods sold. Using the information given, we can calculate the gross profit as follows: Gross Profit = Sales - Cost of Goods Sold Gross Profit = 18,600 - 11,500 Gross Profit = 7,100 The percentage of gross profit to sales can then be calculated using the following formula: Gross Profit Percentage = (Gross Profit / Sales) x 100% Gross Profit Percentage = (7,100 / 18,600) x 100% Gross Profit Percentage = 38.17% Therefore, the percentage of gross profit to sales is 38.17%. This means that for every $1 of sales revenue, the company makes a gross profit of $0.38.

Which of the following accounts or statements is used to determine credit purchase figures in incomplete records?

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The Control Account is used to determine credit purchase figures in incomplete records. A Control Account is a summary account that records the total transactions of a particular type, such as credit purchases, in a single account. In incomplete records, where there is no complete set of accounts, a Control Account can be used to keep track of the total amount of credit purchases made by an organization. The credit purchase figures can be calculated by analyzing the changes in the Control Account over a specific period. For example, if the balance of the Control Account has increased by a certain amount during a particular period, it could indicate that the organization has made credit purchases during that period. Therefore, the Control Account is a useful tool in determining credit purchase figures in incomplete records, as it provides a summary of all credit purchase transactions in a single account, making it easier to track and analyze these transactions.

The production cost of a manufacturing firm is made up of 

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The cost of transporting purchased goods t0 the warehouse is charged to the 

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The cost of transporting purchased goods to the warehouse is charged to the Trading Account. The Trading Account is a financial statement that shows the gross profit or gross loss of a business for a particular period. It includes all direct expenses related to the purchase and sale of goods, such as the cost of goods sold, purchases, and freight or carriage inwards. Since the cost of transporting purchased goods to the warehouse is a direct expense related to the purchase of goods, it is included in the Trading Account. This cost is deducted from the value of purchases to arrive at the cost of goods sold, which is then used to calculate the gross profit or loss. Therefore, the cost of transporting purchased goods to the warehouse is not charged to the profit and loss account, appropriation account, or income surplus account. It is specifically allocated to the Trading Account, which is a crucial part of a company's financial statements.

Customers use the financial position of a company to

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Customers use the financial position of a company to assess the financial health of the business. This means that they look at the company's financial statements, such as the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement, to determine how well the company is performing financially. By looking at the financial position of a company, customers can determine the company's ability to meet its financial obligations, such as paying its debts and continuing to operate in the future. They can also evaluate the company's profitability, growth potential, and overall financial stability. For example, if a company has a strong financial position with high profits, low debt, and strong cash flow, customers may have more confidence in the company's ability to continue to provide high-quality products or services in the future. On the other hand, if a company has a weak financial position with low profits, high debt, and negative cash flow, customers may be more hesitant to do business with the company or may require more assurance before making a purchase. In summary, customers use the financial position of a company to assess the financial health of the business and make informed decisions about their interactions with the company.

Which of the following describes a trial balance? 
 

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The option that best describes a trial balance is: "It is a list of accounting balances on the books." A trial balance is a list of all the accounts in a company's general ledger with their debit or credit balance. It is prepared at the end of an accounting period to ensure that the total debits equal the total credits, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the bookkeeping entries. By listing all the accounts and their balances, a trial balance provides a quick overview of the financial status of the business. It helps to identify any errors in the bookkeeping entries before the financial statements are prepared. Therefore, a trial balance is an essential tool in the accounting process, which ensures the accuracy of financial records and provides a basis for preparing financial statements.

Working capital is the excess of

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Working capital is the excess of current assets over current liabilities. In other words, it is the amount of money a company has available to cover its short-term obligations, such as paying bills or employees. To calculate working capital, you subtract the company's current liabilities from its current assets. Current assets are the resources a company has that are expected to be converted into cash within a year, like cash, accounts receivable, and inventory. Current liabilities are the debts and obligations that are due within a year, like accounts payable and short-term loans. If current assets are greater than current liabilities, the company has positive working capital and is in good financial health. If current liabilities are greater than current assets, the company has negative working capital and may struggle to meet its obligations.

Where there is no agreement between the partners, the Partnership Act states that 

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In a not-for-profit making organization, the Receipts and Payments Accounts is the equivalent of 

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In departmental accounting, when goods are sent from one department to another for sale the transaction is treated as  

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In departmental accounting, when goods are sent from one department to another for sale, the transaction is treated as an Inter-departmental transfer. An inter-departmental transfer refers to the movement of goods or services from one department of a business to another department for further processing or sale. In departmental accounting, inter-departmental transfers are treated as internal transactions that do not involve any external parties. When goods are sent from one department to another for sale, the department that receives the goods will record them as inventory or stock-in-trade, while the department that sends the goods will record them as a cost of goods sold or cost of production. This transaction does not affect the overall profit or loss of the business, as it merely represents a transfer of goods within the organization. Therefore, the correct treatment of this transaction is as an inter-departmental transfer. It is not considered an inter-departmental sale, as the goods are not sold to an external party, nor is it an intra-departmental sale or purchase, as it involves two different departments of the same business.

A credit purchase of N200 from P. Osae was posted to the account of P. Osei. This is an error of 

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Use the following information to answer the question below

Sales ledger balances 01/06/12------ 9,000
30/06/12------------------------------------30,000
Total for the month: Cash sales----- 10,000
Returns inwards --------------------------3,000
Cheque dishonoured-------------------- 4,000

The total sales for the month is?

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An amount set aside to meet expenses whose value is not certain is a 

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The amount set aside to meet expenses whose value is not certain is called a provision. A provision is an estimated amount that an organization sets aside in anticipation of future expenses or losses. It is used to account for potential expenses that have not yet been incurred but are likely to occur in the future. These expenses are uncertain in terms of their timing or amount, but they are still important to account for in the financial statements. For example, a company may set up a provision for bad debts, which is an estimated amount of money that the company expects to lose from customers who are unlikely to pay their debts. This provision is based on historical data and estimates of the likelihood of default by the company's customers. Therefore, a provision is an essential accounting tool that helps an organization to prepare for future expenses and losses that are not certain. It helps to ensure that the financial statements provide an accurate picture of the organization's financial position and performance.

In a manufacturing enterprise depreciation of plant is treated in the

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In a manufacturing enterprise, depreciation of plant is treated in the manufacturing account. The manufacturing account is a part of the company's financial statements that shows the cost of goods produced during a particular period. Depreciation is the process of allocating the cost of a plant or equipment over its useful life. In a manufacturing enterprise, the plant and equipment are used in the production process, and their depreciation is considered as part of the cost of goods produced. Therefore, the cost of depreciation is included in the manufacturing account, which is used to calculate the cost of goods produced. The manufacturing account includes all the direct costs associated with producing goods, such as raw materials, direct labor, and factory overheads. By including the cost of depreciation in the manufacturing account, the company is able to accurately reflect the true cost of producing the goods. In summary, depreciation of plant in a manufacturing enterprise is treated in the manufacturing account. This is because depreciation is considered as part of the cost of goods produced, which is reflected in the manufacturing account along with other direct costs associated with producing the goods.

Share premium is classified in the balance sheet as 

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Share premium is classified as a type of capital reserve in the balance sheet. Share premium is the excess amount that a company receives from issuing shares to investors over and above the nominal or face value of the shares. This additional amount is considered to be a part of the company's equity capital, but it is not considered to be a part of the company's profits. Therefore, it is treated as a capital reserve. Capital reserves are reserves that are created from non-trading activities of a company. They are typically created when a company generates profits that are not distributable as dividends to shareholders. These reserves can be used for a variety of purposes, such as to issue bonus shares, to write off capital expenses, or to pay off debts. Therefore, share premium is classified as a capital reserve in the balance sheet because it represents an amount that is in excess of the nominal or face value of the shares and is considered to be a part of the company's equity capital, but it is not considered to be a part of the company's profits.

The accounting concept that provides that accounting statements should not be influenced by personal opinion is

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The accounting concept that provides that accounting statements should not be influenced by personal opinion is objectivity. Objectivity in accounting means that financial statements should be based on verifiable and objective evidence, rather than personal opinions or biases. This requires accountants to use reliable and objective data in the preparation of financial statements, and to avoid subjective interpretations or estimates. For example, if a company purchases a new building, the cost of the building should be recorded at the actual purchase price, rather than at a subjective estimate of its value. This ensures that the financial statements are accurate and reliable, and can be used by stakeholders to make informed decisions. In summary, the principle of objectivity in accounting requires that financial statements should be based on objective evidence, not influenced by personal opinions, and provide a true and fair representation of the financial position and performance of an organization.

The accounting entries when goods are sold on credit at the branch are debit 

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The accounting entries when goods are sold on credit at the branch are a debit to the Branch Debtors Account and a credit to the Head Office Current Account. When goods are sold on credit at a branch, the branch becomes a debtor to the Head Office, and the amount owed by the branch is recorded in the Branch Debtors Account. The credit sale amount is not directly recorded in any account since it is not a cash transaction. Instead, it is recorded in the Sales Accounts at the Head Office level as a part of the overall sales revenue. The Head Office Current Account is credited to reflect the increase in the amount owed to the Head Office by the branch. The Head Office Current Account records all transactions between the Head Office and its branches. The credit entry to the Head Office Current Account represents the increase in the amount owed to the Head Office by the branch and serves as a record of the transaction for the Head Office. In summary, the accounting entries when goods are sold on credit at the branch are a debit to the Branch Debtors Account to record the amount owed by the branch and a credit to the Head Office Current Account to reflect the increase in the amount owed to the Head Office by the branch.

Factory wages from part of 

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A statement of affairs shows 

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A statement of affairs shows the financial position of a business at a particular point in time. It lists the assets and liabilities of the business, which helps in determining the net worth of the business. It is different from other financial statements like receipt and payments, revenue and expenditure, and profit or loss, as it only shows the financial position and does not provide any information on the cash flow, income or expenses of the business. A statement of affairs is useful for assessing the financial health of the business and for making informed decisions about its future.

Discount allowed on goods invoiced at N100,000 was calculated at the rate of 20% instead of 10%. The error is corrected by debiting 

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When the discount allowed on goods invoiced at N100,000 was calculated at the rate of 20% instead of 10%, it means that the customer was given a larger discount than intended. This error needs to be corrected. To correct this error, the discount allowed should be reduced by the difference between the amount of the incorrect discount and the correct discount. In this case, the incorrect discount was 20%, and the correct discount should have been 10%, so the difference is 10%. To calculate the correct discount, you can multiply the invoiced amount by the correct discount rate: N100,000 x 10% = N10,000 So, to correct the error, you need to debit the discount allowed account with N10,000, which will reduce the amount of the discount to the correct amount. This is because the discount allowed account is a contra-revenue account, which means it is used to reduce revenue. By debiting the discount allowed account, you are reducing the amount of the discount, which will increase the revenue. Since the discount was given to the customer, it means that the customer's account was credited with the incorrect amount of N20,000. Therefore, to reverse this transaction, you need to credit the customer's account with N10,000, which will reduce the credit balance on the account by the correct amount. Therefore, the correct answer is: "customer's account with N10,000, crediting discount allowed with N10,000".

Goodwill may be brought into the books when
 

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Use the following information to answer the question below

Sales ledger balances 01/06/12------ 9,000
30/06/12------------------------------------30,000
Total for the month: Cash sales----- 10,000
Returns inwards --------------------------3,000
Cheque dishonoured-------------------- 4,000

The credit sales for the month is?

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If a petty cashier has a cash float of Le 39,000 and Le 37,500 is spent, he will be reimbursed with 

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A trader sells goods at an average margin of 20%. His cost of sales for the month amounted to N720,000. What is his profit figure? 

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The effect on profit when the closing stock is understated is 

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A disadvantage of single entry system of book-keeping is that 

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When allotment of shares is made applicants for shares of a company become 

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Use the following information to answer the question below

Nzemaman Local Government incurred the following expenditure in the year 2015. 

Construction of market stalls 120,000
Staff salaries-------------------    40,000
Purchase of stationery--------- - 9,000
Sinking of boreholes------------
Building of classrooms
Maintenance of vehicles 
Purchase of equipment 

Recurrent expenditure for the year is 

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The claim on the assets of a business by outsiders is  

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The claim on the assets of a business by outsiders is called liabilities. Liabilities are obligations or debts that a business owes to others. This can include loans from banks, amounts owed to suppliers for goods or services, and taxes owed to the government. Liabilities represent the amount of money that a business owes to others and are a claim on the assets of the business. In other words, if a business were to liquidate its assets, the liabilities would need to be paid off before any remaining assets could be distributed to the owners. It's important for a business to keep track of its liabilities so that it can manage its financial obligations and maintain its solvency.

The excess of the market value of goods produced over the cost of production is 

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The accounts of Jute Enterprise in the books of a supplier will be a

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The balance sheet equation shows

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The balance sheet equation shows assets and sources of financing them. A balance sheet is a financial statement that reports a company's assets, liabilities, and owners' equity at a specific point in time. Assets are items of value that a company owns and can be used to generate revenue. Liabilities are obligations that a company owes to others. Owner's equity represents the residual interest in the assets of the company after deducting its liabilities. The balance sheet equation states that assets equal the sum of liabilities and owners' equity, which means that everything the company owns (assets) is financed either through debt (liabilities) or through investment by the owners (owners' equity). This equation is usually represented as: Assets = Liabilities + Owners' Equity.

The purpose of keeping Sales and Purchases Ledger Control Account is to 

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The purpose of keeping a Sales and Purchases Ledger Control Account is to verify the total debtors and total creditors balances of a business. A Sales Ledger is a record of all sales made to customers, including the amount owed, payment terms, and payment history. A Purchases Ledger, on the other hand, records all purchases made by a business, including the amount owed, payment terms, and payment history. The Sales and Purchases Ledger Control Accounts summarize the information from these ledgers and provide an overview of the total amount owed by customers (debtors) and the total amount owed to suppliers (creditors). By keeping a Sales and Purchases Ledger Control Account, a business can compare the total debtors and total creditors balances to ensure that they are equal. This helps to identify any errors or discrepancies in the accounting records, which can be corrected before they become a problem. It also helps to ensure that the business has enough cash flow to pay its bills on time and meet its financial obligations. Therefore, the Sales and Purchases Ledger Control Accounts are essential tools for monitoring the financial health of a business and ensuring that it remains profitable and sustainable in the long run.

Which of the following items will appear in the Total Creditors Account? 

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The item that will appear in the Total Creditors Account is credit purchases. Total creditors are the total amount that a business owes to its suppliers for goods or services received on credit. Credit purchases are the purchases made by a business on credit from its suppliers. When a business makes a credit purchase, it increases its accounts payable, which is a liability account. The total of all credit purchases made by a business during a given period will be reflected in the Total Creditors Account. Discount allowed and discount received are not included in the Total Creditors Account since they are both related to discounts and are deducted from the total payable amount. Cash purchases are not included in the Total Creditors Account since they are purchases made with cash, not credit.

A branch that keeps its own records prepares the records of transactions with the head office in the 

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The branch that keeps its own records prepares the records of transactions with the head office in the "Branch Current Account". This account is used to track all the transactions that occur between the branch and the head office, including the money that the branch receives from the head office and the money that the branch sends to the head office. The Branch Current Account is an important tool for managing the finances of the branch, as it allows the branch manager to keep track of the money that is coming in and going out. By maintaining this account, the branch can ensure that all transactions with the head office are properly recorded and accounted for, which helps to prevent any financial discrepancies or errors.

Which of the following is not a method of charging goods to the branch by its head office? 

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Donations to a club are 

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The prudence concept demands that 

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The prudence concept demands that care is exercised in recognition of profit and that losses should be anticipated. This principle requires a conservative approach in accounting to ensure that financial statements are not overstated, and potential losses are recognized early. Under this concept, a company should not recognize revenue until it is earned, and expenses should be recognized as soon as possible. This helps to ensure that financial statements provide a more accurate representation of a company's financial position. In summary, the prudence concept requires that a company should exercise caution when recognizing profits and should anticipate potential losses, ensuring that financial statements are prepared on a conservative basis.

The objective of a departmental accounts is to ascertain the 

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A document sent by a bank to its current account customers detailing their transactions over a given period is

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A document sent by a bank to its current account customers detailing their transactions over a given period is called a "bank statement". A bank statement is a summary of all the transactions made by a customer's account during a specific period, usually a month. It includes information on deposits, withdrawals, cheques cleared, direct debits, standing orders, bank charges, and any interest earned or charged. The bank statement provides a detailed record of all the financial activity in the account, allowing customers to monitor their account balance and ensure that their records match those of the bank. Bank statements are typically sent out monthly to current account customers, although some banks may offer more frequent updates, such as weekly or daily statements. Customers can also access their bank statements online or through a mobile banking app, allowing them to view their transactions in real-time. In summary, a bank statement is a crucial document that helps customers track their financial activity, ensure that their account balances are accurate, and identify any discrepancies or unauthorized transactions.

Account payable is classified as a

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Accounts payable is classified as a current liability. A liability is a debt or obligation that a company owes to another party. Current liabilities are debts that are due to be paid within one year, while long-term liabilities are debts that are due to be paid over a longer period of time, usually more than one year. Accounts payable specifically refers to money that a company owes to its suppliers for goods or services that have been received but not yet paid for. Since these debts are typically due within a short period of time, usually 30 to 60 days, they are classified as current liabilities.

Which of the following items will not be entered in the adjusted cash book? 

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An organization purchased a piece of equipment for N112,000. It is expected to be used for 6 years then sold for N16,000. What is the annual amount of depreciation, if the straight-line method is used?

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The straight-line method is a commonly used depreciation method that assumes that the asset loses the same amount of value each year over its useful life. To calculate the annual amount of depreciation using the straight-line method, we need to know the initial cost of the asset, its expected salvage value (the amount it is expected to be sold for at the end of its useful life), and its useful life. In this case, the initial cost of the equipment is N112,000, and its expected salvage value is N16,000. The useful life of the equipment is 6 years. To calculate the annual amount of depreciation, we subtract the salvage value from the initial cost and then divide by the useful life: Annual depreciation = (Initial cost - Salvage value) / Useful life Annual depreciation = (N112,000 - N16,000) / 6 Annual depreciation = N96,000 / 6 Annual depreciation = N16,000 Therefore, the correct answer is N16,000.

(a) Explain the following terms used in not-for-profit making organizations.

i. Accumulated fund
ii. Subscription in arrears
iii. Receipts and Payment Accounts
iv. Income and Expenditure Accounts
v. Entrance fees

(b) Distinguish between shares and debentures

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(a) List the four main groups of accounting ratios

(b) Identify accounting ratio which relates to each of the following statements
i. a return of N10 net profit for every N100 invested
ii. goods are held on average for a period of one month before they are sold
iii. trade debtors on the average take a period of 33 days to settle their debts.
iv. trade creditors on the average are paid within 44 days for credit purchases
v. gross profit of N40 is made on every N100 of net sales
vi. current assets are three times that of current liabilities
vii. liquid assets are three times that of current liabilities.
viii. for every N100 net turnover, N17 is made after deducting operational expenses.
ix. profit covers interest payment9 times

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The trial balance of Deba Duwa Enterprise failed to agree. The difference was entered in the suspense account. The following errors were later detected:

i. A sum of $1000 received from Salako has been posted to his account;

ii. The sales day books was undercast by $560

iii. Return outwards books was overcast by $140

iv. Discount received, $410 from Damilola had been correctly entered in the cash book but not posted to Damilola's account

v. Goods worth $750 returned to a supplier was recorded in his personal account as $750

vi. Discount allowed was overcast by $310

vii Discount received column in the cash book has been overcast by $400.

You are required to prepare:

(a) Journal entries to correct the errors

(b) Suspense Account.

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(a) Explain the following terms;
i. Trade discount
ii. Cash discount
iii. Bad debts
iv. provision for doubtful debts
v. Bad debts recovered

(b) Mention the errors that do not affect the agreement of the trial balance

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(a) Accounting ratios

(b) Eplain the following
i. Accounting ratios
ii. Current ratio
iii. Rate of stock turnover
iv. Return on capital employed
v. Average collection period
vi. Gross profit percentage

(c) List out the importance of accounting ratios

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Idayah Limited is a manufacturing company. The following balances were extracted from its records on 31st December 2014.

Stock on 01/01/2014                Le
Raw materials-------------------56,000
Work-in-progress---------------60,000
Finished goods-----------------80,000
Purchases of raw materials-150,000
Carriage of raw materials------7500
Manufacturing wages paid---16,500
Factory wages accrued--------4,000
Direct factory expenses------11,000
Fuel for factory expenses---15,400
Depreciation of factory equipment---12,000
Sales of finished goods------500,000
Carriage expenses-------------7,600
General office goods----------3,800
Office Salaries------------------19,200
Stock: 31/12/2014
Raw materials-----------------40,000
Work-in-progress -------------64,000
Finished goods----------------72,000

You are required to prepare manufacturing, Trading, and Profit and Account for the year ended 31st December 2014

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(a) Explain some of the terms used in the accounts for not-for-profit making organizations

(b) Distinguish between shares and debentures.

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Dauda, a retailer, does not keep proper books of account. The following were balances in his books on January 2013.

Premises     70,000
Equipment     8,200
Vehicles         5,100
Inventory       9,500
Accounts receivable  150
Bank    1400

The summary of his bank statement for the twelve months period from 1st January 2013 to 31st December 2013 is as follows:
Money paid to the bank: 96,500
Shop takings                    1,400
Received from debtors     8,000
Payments made by cheque 
Inventory purchased        70,500
Delivery Van                      6,200
Maintenance of vehicle      1,020
Electricity and water           940
Store boys' wages             5,260
Miscellaneous expenses     962

Additional information;

i. Dauda paid all shop takings for the year into the bank apart from monthly drawings of D500 and miscellaneous expenses of D408.

ii. He was owing, D7, 600 to supplies for inventory bought.

iii. The accounts receivable is to be treated as bad debts.

iv. Inventory was valued at D13,620

v. Depreciation for the year was calculated as D720 for equipment and D1,000 for vehicles.

You are required to prepare:
(a) Statement of Affairs as at 01/01/13

(b) Income Statement for the year ended 31st December 2013

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(a) What is a source document?

(b) List six types of source documents.

(c) state three uses of subsidiary books

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(a) What is a suspense Account

(b) Differentiate between the following;
(i)  Provisions and Reserves
(ii) Expenses and Revenue
(iii) Capital reserves and Revenue reserves

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(a) What is a Bank Reconciliation Statement?

(b) State three reasons for preparing a bank reconciliation statement

(c) Explain the following terms:
i. unpresented cheques
ii. standing order
iii.credit transfer

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