WAEC SSCE - Christian Religious Studies - 2016

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The discovery of pomegranates and figs at Eschol gave the spies sent by Moses hope. The spies were sent to explore the land of Canaan and to report back on its inhabitants and resources. When they reached the Valley of Eschol, they found a cluster of grapes so large that it took two men to carry it. They also found pomegranates and figs. This was evidence that the land was indeed fertile and abundant, just as God had promised. This discovery gave the spies hope that the land of Canaan would indeed be a land flowing with milk and honey, and that the Israelites would be able to settle there and thrive. However, despite this encouraging sign, some of the spies still brought back a negative report, causing the people to lose hope and rebel against Moses and Aaron.

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The word "Golgotha" means "skull" in Aramaic language, which was spoken in the region where Jesus was crucified. This place is also referred to as "Calvary" in some translations of the Bible. So, when it is said that Jesus was brought to Golgotha to be crucified, it means that he was taken to a place called "skull" where he was crucified.

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Simon of Cyrene was the man who was compelled to carry the cross of Jesus. According to the Bible, as Jesus was being led to his crucifixion, the Roman soldiers forced Simon of Cyrene, who was passing by, to carry the cross for Jesus. This is mentioned in the gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke.

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In the teaching of Hosea, Gomer typifies Israel. Hosea was a prophet in the Old Testament who was called by God to preach to the Israelites, warning them of their unfaithfulness and idolatry. God instructed Hosea to marry a woman named Gomer, who would become a symbol of Israel's unfaithfulness to God. Throughout the book of Hosea, Gomer is depicted as a woman who repeatedly leaves Hosea to engage in prostitution and other immoral behavior. In the same way, Israel repeatedly turned away from God and worshiped idols. Despite Gomer's unfaithfulness, Hosea continued to love and pursue her, just as God continued to love and pursue Israel despite their unfaithfulness. Hosea's relationship with Gomer serves as a powerful metaphor for God's relationship with Israel and his unfailing love and mercy towards them, even in the face of their disobedience.

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Peter expected elders of the church to lead their flock selflessly. This means that he expected them to serve their congregation without seeking personal gain or recognition. They were to be humble, caring, and compassionate in their leadership role, always putting the needs of their followers first. Peter believed that such leadership would result in a thriving and spiritually mature church community.

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Judas Iscariot, one of the twelve disciples of Jesus, betrayed him for thirty pieces of silver. After this betrayal, he felt guilty and returned the money to the chief priests and elders, then he went and hanged himself. According to the Bible, the field in which Judas Iscariot was buried was known as "Akeldama," which means "Field of Blood." This name was given to the field because it was purchased with the money that Judas received for betraying Jesus, which was considered "blood money." The location of Akeldama is uncertain, but it is believed to be a field outside the walls of Jerusalem, in the Valley of Hinnom. This area was used as a burial ground for foreigners and strangers, as it was considered a cursed place due to its association with child sacrifice in ancient times. In summary, Judas Iscariot was buried in a field known as Akeldama, which was purchased with the money he received for betraying Jesus. The location of Akeldama is believed to be a cursed burial ground outside the walls of Jerusalem.

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The people of Lydda and Sharon turned to Peter when he performed a miraculous healing of a paralyzed man named Aeneas.

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After the devil finished tempting Jesus, the angels came and ministered to Him. In the Gospel of Matthew, it is written that after Jesus had fasted for forty days and was tempted by the devil, the devil left Him. At that moment, angels came and ministered to Him. This means that the angels attended to His needs and took care of Him. The fact that the angels came to minister to Jesus shows that He had passed the test of temptation and that God was pleased with Him. This event also reminds us that even in our times of struggle and temptation, God is always with us and will send His angels to minister to us and give us strength.

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According to James, prayers could be answered if Christians pray with trust and humility. In the book of James, it is written that if anyone lacks wisdom, they should ask God, who gives generously to all without finding fault, and it will be given to them. However, they must believe and not doubt, because the one who doubts is like a wave of the sea, blown and tossed by the wind. James emphasizes that prayers must be made with a trusting and humble heart, not with aggression or force. Christians must have faith that God will answer their prayers, but they must also approach Him with humility and acknowledge that He is in control. By praying with trust and humility, Christians can strengthen their relationship with God and experience the power of prayer in their lives.

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The problem of discrimination in the Early Church was solved by the appointment of deacons. In the book of Acts, we see that there was a dispute between the Greek-speaking Jews and the Hebrew-speaking Jews in the early church. The Greek-speaking widows were being neglected in the daily distribution of food. The apostles recognized the problem and appointed seven men as deacons to ensure that everyone was being served fairly. The deacons were responsible for overseeing the distribution of food and taking care of the needs of the people. By appointing deacons, the apostles were able to solve the problem of discrimination and ensure that everyone in the church was being treated fairly. This solution also allowed the apostles to focus on preaching and teaching the word of God.

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The statement "The Lord forbid that I should give you the inheritance of my fathers" implies that Israelites do not sell inherited property. This statement was made by a man named Naboth to King Ahab, who wanted to take possession of Naboth's vineyard. Naboth refused to sell his inheritance, as it was against Israelite law to sell inherited property. He believed it was a gift from God that was meant to remain within his family. His statement reflects the belief that inherited property is a sacred trust that should not be sold or transferred to outsiders.

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Solomon's treaty with Hiram, King of Tyre was primarily meant to help build the temple of God in Jerusalem. Hiram, who was a skilled craftsman and had a strong navy, provided Solomon with materials and expertise needed to construct the temple. Additionally, the treaty allowed for the establishment of trade links between Israel and Tyre, which helped to boost the economy of both nations. The two kings exchanged resources and goods, with Hiram providing Solomon with timber from Lebanon and Solomon sending him wheat and oil in return. The treaty also enabled Solomon to build a fleet of ships that sailed to far-off lands like Ophir, bringing back gold, precious stones, and exotic animals to Israel. While the treaty did provide some protection for Israel when at war, its primary purpose was to facilitate the construction of the temple and establish trade links between the two nations. Therefore, Solomon's treaty with Hiram was meant to help build the temple, establish trade links, and facilitate economic growth, with a secondary benefit of providing some protection to Israel during times of conflict.

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The people of Jabesh Gilead honoured Saul by giving him a fitting burial. In the book of 1 Samuel, we see that the Philistines had defeated the Israelites in a battle on Mount Gilboa, and Saul and his sons were killed. The Philistines then hung their bodies on the walls of Beth Shan. When the people of Jabesh Gilead heard about this, they risked their lives and went to Beth Shan to retrieve the bodies of Saul and his sons. They then took the bodies back to Jabesh Gilead and burned them. This was a way of giving them a proper burial and showing respect for Saul and his family. The people of Jabesh Gilead had a history of being loyal to Saul, and by giving him a fitting burial, they showed their gratitude for his leadership and their commitment to honouring him, even in death.

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According to James, partiality involved discriminating among themselves. This means that James believed that showing partiality or favoritism towards certain people based on their status, wealth, or appearance was wrong. James argued that Christians should love one another and speak the truth, and that this should be done without discrimination or bias. James also argued that Christians should honor the poor and not show favoritism towards the rich. In James 2:1-4, he writes, "My brothers and sisters, believers in our glorious Lord Jesus Christ must not show favoritism. Suppose a man comes into your meeting wearing a gold ring and fine clothes, and a poor man in filthy old clothes also comes in. If you show special attention to the man wearing fine clothes and say, 'Here’s a good seat for you,' but say to the poor man, 'You stand there' or 'Sit on the floor by my feet,' have you not discriminated among yourselves and become judges with evil thoughts?" Therefore, according to James, partiality involves showing favoritism and discrimination towards others based on their appearance, wealth or status.

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Pharaoh's fear for the growth and might of Israel made him afflict the Israelites with heavy burden. Pharaoh saw that the Israelites were multiplying rapidly and becoming strong, and he became afraid that they would become too powerful and rebel against Egypt. To prevent this, he ordered the Israelites to be oppressed with hard labor and to be made to do difficult and unpleasant tasks, such as making bricks. This was a way to weaken and subjugate the Israelites, and to prevent them from becoming a threat to Pharaoh's power.

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Peter called on Christians not to retaliate because vengeance belongs to God. In the book of 1 Peter, Peter exhorts Christians to live a holy life and to be prepared to suffer for the sake of Christ. He also reminds them not to repay evil with evil or insult with insult, but instead to bless those who persecute them. Peter emphasizes that revenge is not in their hands, but belongs to God. As believers, we are called to trust in God's justice and to leave vengeance to Him. This means that we must not take matters into our own hands and retaliate against those who wrong us, but instead, we must forgive and pray for them. By doing so, we will reflect the love and grace of Christ and overcome evil with good.

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According to James, Abraham's agreement to sacrifice Isaac was justified by his faith. This means that Abraham's action was not based on reason or evidence, but on his strong belief in God's will and his trust in God's plan. James argues that Abraham's faith allowed him to act in a way that was consistent with his beliefs and values, even though it may have seemed irrational or immoral to others. In other words, James is saying that faith can justify actions that would otherwise be seen as wrong or unjustifiable.

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According to the teachings of Peter, Christians should use their freedom to perform good deeds. This means that as believers in Christ, we are free from the bondage of sin and are called to use our freedom to serve others, love our neighbors, and follow the example of Christ in our actions. We should not use our freedom as an excuse to sin or to harm others, but rather, we should use it to do good and bring glory to God. By doing so, we will reflect the love and grace of Christ to the world around us.

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Peter expected elders of the church to lead their flock selflessly. This means that Peter believed that elders should not lead for personal gain or power, but rather should lead with humility and service to the community. In 1 Peter 5:2, he writes, "Be shepherds of God’s flock that is under your care, watching over them—not because you must, but because you are willing, as God wants you to be; not pursuing dishonest gain, but eager to serve." Peter believed that elders should lead by example and be willing to sacrifice their own desires for the good of the community they serve. They should not lead in a bossy or authoritarian way, but rather with compassion and care for their flock.

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The question, "Why did you go to uncircumcised men and eat with them?" was put to Peter in Joppa. In the book of Acts, Peter had a vision from God that instructed him to eat unclean animals. This vision was meant to show Peter that God had declared all people clean, regardless of their ethnicity or cultural practices. Shortly after, Peter was summoned by a Roman centurion named Cornelius, who had also received a vision from God. Cornelius was a Gentile, and it was against Jewish customs for Peter to associate with Gentiles, let alone eat with them. Despite his reservations, Peter accepted Cornelius' invitation and went to his home in Caesarea. There, Peter preached the Gospel to Cornelius and his household, and they all received the Holy Spirit. This event marked a significant turning point in the spread of Christianity, as it showed that the Gospel was meant for all people, not just Jews. Later, when Peter returned to Jerusalem, some Jewish believers questioned why he had gone to the home of Gentiles and eaten with them. They did not understand that God had declared all people clean, and that salvation was not limited to the Jewish people. Therefore, the question "Why did you go to uncircumcised men and eat with them?" was put to Peter in Joppa, and it highlighted the cultural and religious barriers that Peter had to overcome to fulfill God's plan for spreading the Gospel to all people.

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The resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead was meant to show his victory over death. Jesus' death on the cross was a sacrifice for the sins of humanity, and his resurrection three days later demonstrated his power over death and the defeat of sin and the devil. By rising from the dead, Jesus proved that he was indeed the Son of God, and he opened the way for eternal life for all who believe in him. The resurrection is a central event in Christian faith and represents the hope and assurance of life beyond this world. It shows Jesus' ultimate triumph over the powers of darkness and the promise of new life for all who put their trust in him.

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To Hosea, Yahweh was a God of love and mercy. This means that Hosea believed that God was compassionate and forgiving, even when his people sinned against him. Hosea believed that God's love for his people was unconditional and that he would always forgive them if they repented and turned back to him. This idea of a loving and merciful God is a central theme in Hosea's book, and it reflects his belief in God's grace and compassion towards his people, despite their waywardness and disobedience.

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Amaziah warned Amos never to prophesy at Bethel again because he saw Amos as a threat to his position as a priest in the king's sanctuary. Amaziah was offended by the message Amos brought from God, which criticized the king and his people for their sins, and he saw it as disrespectful to the king and the religious establishment. Therefore, he wanted to silence Amos and prevent him from speaking out against the king and his policies.

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The righteous act to be fulfilled referred to Jesus was his baptism. When John the Baptist hesitated to baptize Jesus, Jesus said, "Let it be so now, for thus it is fitting for us to fulfill all righteousness." This statement implies that Jesus' baptism was a righteous act that he needed to do in order to fulfill God's plan. Jesus' baptism also symbolized his identification with sinners and his submission to God's will. Therefore, it was an important event in Jesus' life and ministry.

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The statement "this is my beloved son with whom I am well pleased" was heard during Jesus' baptism. This event marked the beginning of Jesus' public ministry, and as he emerged from the water, the heavens opened, and a voice from heaven declared that Jesus was the beloved son of God. This event is significant because it not only confirmed Jesus' divine identity, but it also foreshadowed his mission to save humanity through his death and resurrection. After his baptism, Jesus went into the wilderness to face temptation and prepare himself for his ministry, demonstrating his commitment to fulfilling the will of God.

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The people of Lydda and Sharon turned to the Lord when Peter healed Aeneas. In the book of Acts, chapter 9, we read that Peter was in Lydda when he met a man named Aeneas who had been paralyzed and bedridden for eight years. Peter said to him, "Jesus Christ heals you. Get up and roll up your mat." Immediately, Aeneas got up and was healed. As a result of this miracle, the people of Lydda and Sharon who heard about it turned to the Lord and many believed in Jesus Christ.

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The instruction "Cast it on the ground" was given to Moses by God, and it was meant to showcase God's mighty power. Moses had thrown down his staff, and it had transformed into a snake. God then instructed him to pick it up by the tail, and it turned back into a staff. This was a miraculous sign from God to demonstrate His power and authority to Moses, and it was also a sign to Pharaoh and the Israelites that God was with Moses and that he was the chosen leader to lead them out of slavery.

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In the book of Genesis, Joseph was a young man who had two dreams which he shared with his family. In these dreams, Joseph saw himself in a position of authority, with his family members bowing down to him. These dreams were meant to reveal Joseph's future, specifically the fact that he would become a powerful leader in Egypt. The dreams were also a sign of God's sovereignty, as He was using Joseph to carry out His plan and purpose for the nation of Egypt. Eventually, Joseph's dreams came true, as he was sold into slavery by his own brothers and ended up in Egypt. Through a series of events, Joseph was able to interpret Pharaoh's dreams and advise him on how to prepare for a severe famine that would hit the land. Joseph's interpretation of the dreams and his subsequent actions helped to save Egypt from the famine, demonstrating the importance of listening to God's guidance and following His plan. Therefore, Joseph's dreams were meant to reveal his future and depict God's will for his life, while also revealing God's sovereignty and ultimately playing a key role in saving Egypt from famine.

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Hilkiah witnessed the reforms of Josiah. Hilkiah was the high priest during the reign of King Josiah in the Old Testament of the Bible. When the Book of the Law was rediscovered in the temple during Josiah's reign, it was Hilkiah who brought it to the attention of the king and read it to him. This discovery led to a series of religious reforms and a return to the worship of Yahweh in Judah. Josiah ordered the repair of the temple, the removal of idols and other forms of worship that were not in line with the law, and the observance of the Passover. Hilkiah played an important role in these reforms and was a key figure in returning the people of Judah to their religious roots.

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Ahab and Gehazi demonstrated the spirit of greed. In the Bible, Ahab was a king of Israel who was notorious for his love of luxury and material possessions. He coveted the vineyard of a man named Naboth and, with the help of his wife Jezebel, plotted to have him killed so that he could take the vineyard for himself. This demonstrated his greed and willingness to do whatever it took to satisfy his desires. Similarly, Gehazi was the servant of the prophet Elisha. When Elisha refused to accept a gift from Naaman, a Syrian general whom he had healed of leprosy, Gehazi went behind his back and lied to Naaman, saying that Elisha had changed his mind and wanted the gift after all. Gehazi's actions showed his greed and willingness to deceive for personal gain. Both Ahab and Gehazi serve as cautionary examples of the dangers of greed and the harm it can cause not only to oneself but also to others.

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In the book of Judges, Barak was a commander who led Israel's army against the Canaanite king Jabin, who was under the rule of Sisera. Barak chose his troops from the tribes of Zebulun and Naphtali. Zebulun and Naphtali were located in the northern part of Israel, close to the battlefront with Sisera's army. These tribes were known for their courage and fighting skills, which made them an excellent choice for the upcoming battle. Additionally, Deborah, a prophetess who was working with Barak, had received a message from God that encouraged Barak to attack Sisera's army. She also predicted that God would deliver Sisera into Barak's hands, which gave Barak and his troops the confidence they needed to go to war. Therefore, in preparation for the battle against Sisera, Barak chose his troops from the tribes of Zebulun and Naphtali, who were known for their bravery and located near the battlefront.

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Ananias and Sapphira died because of their dishonesty. In the book of Acts in the Bible, Ananias and his wife Sapphira sold a piece of property and agreed to give the proceeds to the early Christian community. However, they secretly kept back some of the money for themselves and only gave a portion to the community, pretending it was the full amount. When Peter confronted Ananias about his deception, he fell down dead on the spot. Later, when Sapphira arrived and was questioned by Peter, she also fell down dead. Their deaths were a harsh reminder of the seriousness of lying to God and to the community, and the importance of honesty and integrity in the Christian faith.

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The three disciples in whom Jesus frequently confided were Peter, James, and John. This means that Jesus often shared important moments and teachings with these three disciples. They were present for events such as the Transfiguration and the raising of Jairus' daughter, and Jesus often chose them to be with him in times of prayer and solitude. This special relationship with Peter, James, and John demonstrates Jesus' trust in them as his closest and most trusted followers. They were not the only disciples that Jesus loved, but they were the ones who were given the privilege of being with him in his most important moments.

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To Amos, Israel's expectation of the Day of the Lord would be a day of punishment. Amos, one of the twelve minor prophets in the Hebrew Bible, warned the Israelites about their social injustice and religious hypocrisy. He prophesied that God would punish them for their sins, and the Day of the Lord would be a day of reckoning for their wrongdoing. The people of Israel had been eagerly anticipating the Day of the Lord, but Amos warned them that it would not be a day of joy and celebration but a day of punishment and judgment. Therefore, Amos called for repentance and urged the people to turn away from their sinful ways and seek forgiveness from God.

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The prophet whose occupation was the dressing of sycamore trees was Amos. Amos was a shepherd and a dresser of sycamore trees, and he was called by God to be a prophet to the northern kingdom of Israel during the reigns of Uzziah and Jeroboam II. Despite his humble background, Amos delivered a message of judgment and warning to the people of Israel, calling them to repentance and righteousness. He denounced their worship of false gods, their oppression of the poor, and their dishonesty and corruption, and he warned them of the coming judgment of God. Amos's message was powerful and challenging, and it serves as a reminder that God can use anyone, regardless of their background or occupation, to deliver His message to the world.

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