WAEC SSCE - Chemistry - 1994 (Objective)

Question 1 Report

When magnesium ribbon burns in air, the products are

magnesium nitride and magnesium oxide

magnesium nitride and carbon (ll) oxide

magnesium oxide and steam Correct answer

magnesium nitride and soot

magnesium oxide and carbon (ll) oxide

Answer Details

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Water

Air

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Question 2 Report

In a chemical reaction, the reacting species possess energy of motion known as

potential energy

free energy

bond energy

kinetic energy Correct answer

hydration energy

Answer Details

The energy of motion possessed by the reacting species in a chemical reaction is known as kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. When a substance is in motion, it possesses kinetic energy. In a chemical reaction, the reactants are in motion and collide with each other, causing the chemical reaction to occur. This motion is due to the kinetic energy of the particles. The kinetic energy of the particles in a substance depends on its temperature. As the temperature of a substance increases, the kinetic energy of the particles also increases, causing them to move faster and collide more frequently. This, in turn, increases the rate of the chemical reaction. Therefore, the reacting species in a chemical reaction possess kinetic energy, which is the energy of motion.

Read lesson note on Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws (JAMB)

Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws

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Question 3 Report

Calcium is usually extracted by the electrolysis of its

trioxonitrate (V)

tetraoxosulphate (IV)

oxide

hydride

chloride Correct answer

Answer Details

Calcium is usually extracted by the electrolysis of its chloride. Electrolysis is a process that involves the use of electrical energy to break down a compound into its constituent elements. In the case of calcium, the most common compound that it is extracted from is calcium chloride (CaCl2). Calcium chloride is an ionic compound, which means that it consists of positively charged calcium ions and negatively charged chloride ions. During electrolysis, an electric current is passed through a molten or dissolved compound, causing the ions to move towards the electrodes. At the negative electrode (cathode), the positively charged calcium ions gain electrons and are reduced to form calcium atoms. At the positive electrode (anode), the negatively charged chloride ions lose electrons and are oxidized to form chlorine gas. The overall reaction during the electrolysis of calcium chloride is: CaCl2(l) → Ca(l) + Cl2(g) This process is used to extract calcium on an industrial scale, as it is an efficient method for producing large quantities of calcium.

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Electrolysis

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Question 4 Report

Which of the following would increase the rate of reaction of chips of a metal M as shown in the equation below? M_(s) + 2HCI_(aq) → MCI_2(aq) + H_2(g)

Diluting the hydrochloric acid

Adding some distilled water

Decreasing the temperature

Grinding the metal into powder Correct answer

Increasing the pressure

Answer Details

Grinding the metal into powder would increase the rate of reaction of chips of a metal M in the given equation. The rate of reaction depends on the surface area of the reactants in contact with each other. When the metal is in the form of chips, the surface area in contact with the hydrochloric acid is relatively small, and the rate of reaction is slow. However, by grinding the metal into powder, the surface area of the metal in contact with the acid increases significantly, allowing more metal to react at a faster rate. Therefore, grinding the metal into powder increases the rate of reaction. The other options would not increase the rate of reaction of chips of a metal M in the given equation. Diluting the hydrochloric acid or adding distilled water would decrease the concentration of the acid, which would slow down the reaction rate. Decreasing the temperature would decrease the kinetic energy of the molecules, leading to a slower rate of reaction. Increasing the pressure would not have a significant effect on the rate of the reaction in this case.

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Read lesson note on Chemical Kinetics And Equilibrium Systems (Ghana Only) (WAEC)

Rates Of Chemical Reaction

Chemical Kinetics And Equilibrium Systems (Ghana Only)

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Question 5 Report

When naphthalene on heating changes from the solid state directly to the gaseous state it undergoes

evaporation

sublimation Correct answer

decomposition

combustion

ionisation

Answer Details

When naphthalene changes from the solid state directly to the gaseous state upon heating, it undergoes sublimation. Sublimation is the process in which a solid directly changes into a gas without going through the liquid state. This occurs when the vapor pressure of the solid is greater than the atmospheric pressure. In the case of naphthalene, it has a high vapor pressure at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, which allows it to undergo sublimation when heated.

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Read lesson note on States Of Matter (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Periodic Chemistry (Ghana Only) (WAEC)

Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws

States Of Matter

Periodic Chemistry (Ghana Only)

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Question 6 Report

The oxidation number of phosphorus in PO 3/4 is

+ 1

+5 Correct answer

Answer Details

The oxidation number of phosphorus in PO3/4 is +5. To determine the oxidation number of phosphorus, we can use the fact that the sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms in a neutral compound is zero. Since oxygen has an oxidation number of -2, we can set up the equation: x + 4(-2) = 0 where x is the oxidation number of phosphorus. Solving for x gives: x = +5 Therefore, the oxidation number of phosphorus in PO3/4 is +5.

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Oxidation And Reduction

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Question 7 Report

The components of universal indicator solution can best be separated by

chromatography Correct answer

filtration

evaporation

crystallization

fractional distillation

Answer Details

Universal indicator solution is a mixture of different indicators that changes color over a range of pH values. The best method to separate the components of universal indicator solution is chromatography. Chromatography is a method used to separate different components of a mixture based on their physical and chemical properties. In this case, the components of universal indicator solution can be separated based on their different solubility and adsorption properties. A small amount of the solution is placed on a chromatography paper and allowed to separate through the paper by capillary action. The different components of the mixture will travel at different rates based on their solubility in the solvent and their interaction with the paper. As a result, the different components can be separated and identified by their distinct color changes as they travel through the paper. Filtration, evaporation, crystallization, and fractional distillation are all separation methods that are based on the physical properties of the components of a mixture, such as their boiling points or solubility in a particular solvent. These methods are not suitable for separating the components of universal indicator solution, which are all indicators with similar physical properties.

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Separation Of Mixtures And Purification Of Chemical Substances

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Question 8 Report

What is the molar of hydrogen sulphide gas in the reaction H₂SO_4(aq) + 3H₂S_(g) → 4S_(s) + 4H₂O _(l)n represented by the following equation?

Reducing agent Correct answer

A bleaching agent

A dehydrating agent

A sulphonating agent

An oxidizing agent

Answer Details

The question doesn't provide options to choose from, but based on the given equation, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a reducing agent. A reducing agent is a substance that causes another substance to be reduced by donating electrons to it. In the given equation, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is donating electrons to sulfuric acid (H2SO4), which causes sulfuric acid to be reduced, and hydrogen sulfide is oxidized in the process. Therefore, hydrogen sulfide is a reducing agent in the given equation.

Read lesson note on Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws (JAMB)

Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws

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Question 9 Report

Destructive distillation of coal means

heating coal in plentiful supply of air

burning coal in air to produce water and carbon (IV) oxide

heating coal in the absence of air Correct answer

heating coal in limited supply of air

separating coal into various allotropes of carbon

Answer Details

Destructive distillation of coal means heating coal in the absence of air. This process breaks down the complex organic compounds in coal into simpler molecules such as gases, liquids, and solids. These products are then collected and can be used for a variety of purposes such as the production of coal gas, tar, and coke. This process is called destructive distillation because the coal is being broken down or "destroyed" into simpler substances through the process of heating.

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Solubility

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Question 10 Report

Which of the following is not a halogen?

Silicon Correct answer

Fluorine

Astatine

Bromine

lodine

Answer Details

Halogens are a group of chemical elements that include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. These elements share similar chemical properties and can form salts with metals. Silicon, on the other hand, is not a halogen. It is a metalloid element that is commonly found in the Earth's crust. Therefore, is the correct answer as silicon is not a halogen.

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Non-metals And Their Compounds

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Question 11 Report

Which of the following is likely to have the highest degree of hardness?

Carbonated water Correct answer

Distilled water

Acidified water

Rain water

Lime water

Answer Details

Read lesson note on Chemical Combination (JAMB)

Read lesson note on Acids, Bases And Salts (Ghana Only) (WAEC)

Chemical Combination

Acids, Bases And Salts (Ghana Only)

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Question 12 Report

Polyatomicity is illustrated by molecules of

sulphur Correct answer

carbon (IV) oxide

noble gases

liquefied oxygen

liquefied nitrogen

Answer Details

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Atomic Structure And Bonding

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Question 13 Report

Alkanols have unexpectedly high boiling points relative to their molar masses because of intermolecular

hydrogen bonding Correct answer

metallic bonding

covalent bonding

ionic bonding

van der Waals' forces

Answer Details

Alkanols, also known as alcohols, have unexpectedly high boiling points relative to their molar masses because of intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding is a type of intermolecular force that occurs when a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, is attracted to another electronegative atom in a nearby molecule. In the case of alkanols, the hydrogen atom attached to the oxygen atom in one molecule can form a hydrogen bond with the oxygen atom of another molecule. This results in a network of intermolecular hydrogen bonds that are much stronger than the weak van der Waals' forces that exist between non-polar molecules of similar size and shape. Due to the presence of these strong intermolecular forces, more thermal energy is required to overcome these forces and cause the molecules to separate, resulting in higher boiling points of alkanols relative to other organic compounds of similar molar mass.

Read lesson note on Periodic Chemistry (Ghana Only) (WAEC)

Periodic Chemistry (Ghana Only)

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Question 14 Report

In any chemical reaction, the total mass of the products is always equal to that of the reactants. This is statement of the law of

definite proportion

conservation of matter Correct answer

multiple proportions

reciprocal proportions

constant composition

Answer Details

The statement "In any chemical reaction, the total mass of the products is always equal to that of the reactants" is the statement of the law of conservation of matter. This law, also known as the law of conservation of mass, states that in a closed system, the total mass of the system remains constant during a chemical reaction. This means that the mass of the reactants before the reaction is the same as the mass of the products after the reaction. In other words, matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction; it can only be transformed from one form to another. This law is a fundamental principle of chemistry and is essential in understanding the behavior of matter in chemical reactions. It was first proposed by Antoine Lavoisier, a French chemist in the late 18th century, and has since become one of the most important principles in chemistry.

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Stoichiometry And Chemical Reactions

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Question 15 Report

Which of the following electronic structures belongs to a noble gas?

1s²2s²

1s ²2s²2p⁴

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶ Correct answer

1s²2s²2p²

1s²2s²2p ⁶3s²3p³

Answer Details

The electronic structure of a noble gas has a completely filled outermost shell. Among the options, only 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶, has a completely filled outermost shell. This electronic configuration corresponds to the noble gas argon (Ar). Therefore, is the correct answer.

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Atomic Structure And Bonding

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Question 16 Report

The following compounds will decompose on heating except

NaHCO₃

K₂CO₃ Correct answer

MgCO₃

Ca(HCO₃)₂

ZnCO₃

Answer Details

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Question 17 Report

Mg₂ + 2HCI_(aq) → MgCI₂_(g) + H₂_(g) From the equation above what mass of hydrogen would be produced if 12.0 g of magnesium reacted completely with dilute hydrochloric acid? (H = 1, Mg = 24)

1.0g

2.0g

6.0g

12.0g Correct answer

24.0g

Answer Details

Read lesson note on Chemical Combination (JAMB)

Chemical Combination

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Question 18 Report

Which of the following reactions is accompanied by the first ionization energy of an element X?

X ⁺_(aq) → X ²⁺ _(aq) + e-

X ^- _(g) → X_(g) + ^e-

X⁺ _(g) → X²⁺ +^e-

X _(g) → X⁺ _(g) +^e- Correct answer

X_(s) → X ⁺ _(g) + ^e-

Answer Details

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Rates Of Chemical Reaction

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Question 19 Report

The number of replaceable hydrogen atoms in one acid indicates its

basicity Correct answer

acidity

alkalinity

reactivity

pH value

Answer Details

Read lesson note on Acids, Bases And Salts (JAMB)

Acids, Bases And Salts

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Question 20 Report

If the volume of a given mass of gas at 0^oC is 27.3cm³, what will be the volume of the gas at 10^oC, pressure remaining constant?

2.73cm³

28.3cm³ Correct answer

37.3cm³

273cm³

283cm³

Answer Details

The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature, provided the pressure and the amount of gas remain constant. This relationship is known as Charles's law. According to Charles's law, when the temperature of a gas is increased, its volume will also increase, and when the temperature of a gas is decreased, its volume will also decrease. In this case, the initial volume of the gas is 27.3cm³ at 0^oC. If the temperature is increased to 10^oC while the pressure remains constant, we can use Charles's law to calculate the new volume of the gas. Charles's law states that the ratio of the initial volume to the initial temperature is equal to the ratio of the final volume to the final temperature. In other words: (V1 / T1) = (V2 / T2) Where: V1 = initial volume T1 = initial temperature V2 = final volume (unknown) T2 = final temperature Substituting the given values, we have: (27.3 / 273) = (V2 / 283) Solving for V2, we get: V2 = (27.3 / 273) x 283 V2 ≈ 28.3cm³ Therefore, the volume of the gas at 10^oC, pressure remaining constant, is approximately 28.3cm³. Hence, the correct option is (ii) 28.3cm³.

Read lesson note on Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws (JAMB)

Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws

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Question 21 Report

When water is dropped on calcium carbide, the gaseous product is an

alkane

alkene

alkyne Correct answer

alkanol

alkanal

Answer Details

When water is dropped on calcium carbide, the gaseous product formed is acetylene (C2H2), which is an alkyne. Calcium carbide (CaC2) reacts with water (H2O) to produce acetylene gas and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) according to the following equation: CaC2 + 2H2O → C2H2 + Ca(OH)2 Acetylene gas is a colorless, highly flammable gas with a distinctive odor. It is commonly used in welding and cutting torches, as well as in the production of various organic chemicals.

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Chemical Combination

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Question 22 Report

How many faradays of electricity are required to liberate 9g aluminium? (AI = 27)

0.1

0.3

1.0 Correct answer

2.7

3.0

Answer Details

Read lesson note on Electrolysis (JAMB)

Electrolysis

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Question 23 Report

Study the reaction represented by the equation: Alkanol + Alkanoic acid conc. H₂SO₄ Alkanoate + water. The type of process involved in the reverse reaction is

Neutralization

dehydration

hydrolysis Correct answer

decomposition

hydrogenation

Answer Details

The type of process involved in the reverse reaction is hydrolysis. Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which water is used to break down a compound. In the given reaction, an alkanol and an alkanoic acid react in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid to form an alkanoate and water. The reverse reaction involves the breakdown of the alkanoate using water to form the alkanol and alkanoic acid. This process is called hydrolysis.

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Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws

Acids, Bases And Salts (Ghana Only)

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Question 24 Report

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes produces compounds with the general formula

C_nH_2n+1 OH

C_nH_2n+1

C_nH_2n+2 Correct answer

C_nH_2n-2

C_x(H₂O)_y

Answer Details

The correct answer is (c) C_nH_2n+2. When alkenes undergo catalytic hydrogenation, each double bond in the molecule is converted into a single bond, and two hydrogen atoms are added to the molecule. This process is a type of addition reaction, and the general formula of the resulting compounds is C_nH_2n+2. Therefore, is the correct answer.

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Question 25 Report

Sodium chloride is used in the following processes except in the

treatment of polluted water Correct answer

preservation of food

separation of soap from glycerol

manufacture of chlorine

manufacture of caustic soda

Answer Details

Read lesson note on Acids, Bases And Salts (Ghana Only) (WAEC)

Acids, Bases And Salts (Ghana Only)

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Question 26 Report

A measure of the degree of disorder in a chemical system is known as the

enthalpy

free energy

activation energy

entrophy Correct answer

equilibrium

Answer Details

The measure of the degree of disorder or randomness in a chemical system is known as entropy. Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity that describes the number of ways in which the energy of a system can be distributed among its particles. In simpler terms, it is a measure of how much the energy of a system is spread out or dispersed. The greater the entropy of a system, the more disordered or random it is. Entropy is usually denoted by the symbol S and has units of joules per kelvin (J/K).

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Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws

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Question 27 Report

The following compounds contain the same type of bonds except

sodium chloride

hydrogen chloride Correct answer

magnesium chloride

potassium chloride

lithium chloride

Answer Details

The compound that does not contain the same type of bonds as the others is hydrogen chloride. Hydrogen chloride is a covalent compound, while the others are all ionic compounds. Covalent bonds are formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms, while ionic bonds are formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. In hydrogen chloride, the hydrogen atom and chlorine atom share electrons to form a covalent bond. In contrast, in sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride, and lithium chloride, the metal atom donates electrons to the nonmetal atom to form an ionic bond. Therefore, all the other compounds contain ionic bonds, while hydrogen chloride contains a covalent bond.

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Question 28 Report

The positive of an element in the Periodic Table is determined by

its density

its atomic radius

its relative atomic mass

the number of protons in its atom Correct answer

the number of neutrons in its atom

Answer Details

The positive charge of an element in the Periodic Table is determined by the number of protons in its atom. This is because the positive charge of an atom is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus, which is also known as its atomic number. The atomic number is the defining characteristic of an element and determines its position in the Periodic Table. Each element has a unique atomic number which corresponds to the number of protons in its nucleus. Therefore, the number of protons in an atom determines its positive charge and its position in the Periodic Table.

Read lesson note on Periodic Chemistry (Nigeria Only) (WAEC)

Periodic Chemistry (Nigeria Only)

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Question 29 Report

Which of the following occurs when an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide is electrolysed using graphite electrodes?

Sodium metal is produced at the anode

Sodium amalgam is formed at the cathode

Oxygen gas is produced at the anode Correct answer

The grahite anode dissolves

The resulting solution becomes acidic

Answer Details

When an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is electrolyzed using graphite electrodes, the following occurs: At the cathode (negative electrode), hydrogen gas is produced through the reduction of water molecules. This is because water has a lower reduction potential than Na+ ions in the solution. 2H2O(l) + 2e- -> H2(g) + 2OH-(aq) At the anode (positive electrode), the hydroxide ions (OH-) are oxidized to form oxygen gas and water molecules. This is because OH- ions have a higher oxidation potential than water molecules. 4OH-(aq) -> 2H2O(l) + O2(g) + 4e- Therefore, the correct option is (c) Oxygen gas is produced at the anode.

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Rates Of Chemical Reaction

Electrolysis

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Question 30 Report

Glucose can be obtained from starch by

hydrogenation

dissoiation

hydrolysis Correct answer

dialysis

dehydration

Answer Details

Glucose can be obtained from starch by hydrolysis. Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which water is used to break down a compound into smaller molecules. In the case of starch, hydrolysis breaks down the long chains of glucose molecules into individual glucose molecules. This reaction is often catalyzed by enzymes such as amylase, which are found in saliva and the pancreas. The resulting glucose molecules can then be used by the body as a source of energy.

Read lesson note on Chemical Bonds (Ghana Only) (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Energy And Energy Changes (WAEC)

Chemical Bonds (Ghana Only)

Energy And Energy Changes

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Question 31 Report

The gaseous product formed when ammonia is passed over heated copper (ll) oxide is

oxygen

nitrogen Correct answer

hydrogen

nitrogen (l) oxide

nitrogen (ll) oxide

Answer Details

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Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws

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Question 32 Report

What is the molar mass of an alkyne with the formula C_x H ₁₄? (H = 1, C = 12)

86g

92g

98g

110g Correct answer

112g

Answer Details

Read lesson note on Periodic Chemistry (Ghana Only) (WAEC)

Periodic Chemistry (Ghana Only)

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Question 33 Report

Which of the following is not a property of magnesium oxide?

High melting point

Dissolution in polar solvents

Presence of ionic bonds

Possession of crystal lattice

Low binding energy Correct answer

Answer Details

The property of magnesium oxide that is not correct is "low binding energy." Magnesium oxide is an ionic compound made up of magnesium and oxygen ions. It has a high melting point and possesses a crystal lattice structure due to the presence of ionic bonds between the ions. Magnesium oxide is also known to dissolve in polar solvents, such as water, due to its ionic nature. However, it is not known for having low binding energy, as it has a strong ionic bond between the magnesium and oxygen ions. Therefore, the property of magnesium oxide that is not correct is "low binding energy."

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Question 34 Report

The following will decolourize acidified potassium tetraoxomanganate (VII) solution except

sulphur (lV) oxide

but-3-ene

pentane Correct answer

hydrogen sulphide

propyne

Answer Details

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Acids, Bases And Salts

SOLUBILITY OF SUBSTANCES (Nigeria Only)

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Question 35 Report

Tetraoxosulphate (lV) acid is described as strong acid because it is highly

corrosive

concentrated

reactive

soluble in water

ionized in water Correct answer

Answer Details

Tetraoxosulphate (IV) acid, also known as sulfuric acid, is considered a strong acid because it completely ionizes in water. When sulfuric acid dissolves in water, it breaks down completely into hydrogen ions (H+) and sulfate ions (SO4^2-). This means that all the sulfuric acid molecules present in the solution donate their hydrogen ions to the water, resulting in a high concentration of H+ ions in the solution. These H+ ions can react with other substances, making sulfuric acid a powerful and reactive acid. Therefore, - "ionized in water" - is the correct answer.

Read lesson note on Acids, Bases And Salts (Ghana Only) (WAEC)

Acids, Bases And Salts (Ghana Only)

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Question 36 Report

The number of atoms in 1.2g of carbon - 12 isotope is

1.00 x 10 ₂₂

6.02 x 10₂₂ Correct answer

1.20 x 10 ₂₃

1.00 x 10₂₃

6.02 x 10₂₄

Answer Details

The first step to solving this problem is to determine the number of moles of carbon-12 present in 1.2g of the isotope. We do this by dividing the mass of the isotope by its molar mass. The molar mass of carbon-12 is 12 g/mol. Number of moles of carbon-12 = 1.2 g / 12 g/mol = 0.1 mol Since each mole of carbon-12 contains Avogadro's number of atoms (6.02 x 10^23), we can determine the number of atoms in 0.1 mol of carbon-12 as: Number of atoms = 0.1 mol x 6.02 x 10^23 atoms/mol = 6.02 x 10^22 atoms Therefore, the answer is 6.02 x 10^22.

Read lesson note on Atomic Structure And Bonding (JAMB)

Atomic Structure And Bonding

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