WAEC SSCE - Insurance - 2018

modern insurance business was introduced into nigeria by?

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The modern insurance business was introduced into Nigeria by British merchants. In the 19th century, British trading companies such as the Royal Niger Company and the United Africa Company established themselves in Nigeria and started offering insurance services to protect their trade interests. They provided insurance to cover risks such as fire, theft, and transportation of goods. Over time, these companies evolved into full-fledged insurance companies that offered a wide range of insurance products to the Nigerian public. Today, the Nigerian insurance industry is regulated by the National Insurance Commission (NAICOM) and has grown to become an important sector of the Nigerian economy.

one of the duties of  a loss adjustor is

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use the following information to answer the question below.

Basanya's vehicle was hit at the rear by jaguna's vehicle. The two vehicles had a minimum cover. estimate of repairs were as follows; 

Basanya's vehicle - N155,000; jaguna's vehicle- N75,000

The effect of the minimum cover on the two vehicles is the the?

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The document used pending the issuance of certificate in motor insurance policy is

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The document used pending the issuance of a certificate in a motor insurance policy is called a "cover note". A cover note is a temporary document that serves as proof of insurance coverage until the actual insurance policy certificate is issued. It is usually issued immediately after an individual or entity applies for a motor insurance policy, and it provides temporary insurance coverage for the vehicle during the period before the actual policy certificate is issued. The cover note contains important details about the insurance policy, such as the type of coverage, policy limits, and the insured party's name and address. It is valid for a short period of time, typically a few days to a few weeks, after which the actual insurance policy certificate is issued to the insured party. Overall, a cover note is an essential document in motor insurance policies as it provides temporary coverage while the actual policy certificate is being processed and issued.

A claimant who is not legally entitled to a claim under an insurance contract may be offered a payment on?

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When someone makes a claim under an insurance policy, the insurance company assesses whether they are legally entitled to receive payment based on the terms of the contract. If the claimant is not legally entitled to the payment, the insurance company may still choose to make a payment to them on an ex-gratia basis. An ex-gratia payment is a payment made voluntarily by the insurance company, even though they are not legally obliged to do so. This can be done for various reasons, such as to maintain good customer relations, to avoid negative publicity, or to settle a dispute without going to court. However, the insurance company may limit the amount of the ex-gratia payment and may require the claimant to sign a waiver or release of any further claims related to the loss. It is important for the claimant to understand that accepting an ex-gratia payment does not necessarily mean that they are entitled to make a claim under the insurance policy in the future. The other options mentioned - constructive total loss basis, partial loss basis, and advice of loss basis - are different methods for calculating the amount of payment that a claimant may be entitled to receive under the terms of the insurance contract. These options do not apply to situations where the claimant is not legally entitled to a claim under the contract.

The minimum cover for motorist in nigeria is?

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In Nigeria, the minimum insurance cover required for motorists is third party only. This means that if a motorist is involved in an accident that damages someone else's property or injures someone, the insurance policy will cover the costs of repairing the property or compensating the injured party, up to a certain limit. However, this type of policy does not cover any damage to the motorist's own vehicle. The third party only policy is mandated by the Nigerian Insurance Act, which requires all motor vehicles to have at least this minimum level of insurance cover. Motorists who are caught driving without valid insurance can face penalties, including fines and even imprisonment. Other insurance options available to motorists in Nigeria include fire and theft cover and comprehensive insurance. Fire and theft insurance provides additional coverage for damage or loss caused by fire or theft, while comprehensive insurance offers the most extensive protection, covering not only third party liability but also damage to the motorist's own vehicle. However, these types of insurance are not required by law and are generally more expensive than the third party only policy.

concealment of information considered to be material to the contract of insurance is violating the principle of?

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Concealment of information that is important to the insurance contract violates the principle of utmost good faith. This principle requires both the insurer and the insured to provide complete and accurate information related to the insurance contract. Failure to disclose material information can lead to a breach of the principle of utmost good faith, and may result in the insurer denying coverage or even cancelling the policy. Therefore, it is important for both parties to be honest and upfront during the process of negotiating and finalizing an insurance contract.

The use of gas burners for cutting and welding is considered in insurance contract as

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The use of gas burners for cutting and welding is considered as an unfavourable physical hazard in an insurance contract. This is because the activity of cutting and welding with gas burners involves high heat, flame, and potential risk of fire and explosion. These risks increase the likelihood of property damage or bodily injury, which increases the insurance company's potential payout. Therefore, the insurance company considers this activity as a higher risk and may charge a higher premium or impose certain restrictions or exclusions in the insurance policy.

The method of paying premium in life insurance contract in which premium payable increases as age increases is?

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The method of paying premium in a life insurance contract in which the premium payable increases as the age of the policyholder increases is called "natural premium." Under this method, the premium is calculated based on the risk of death associated with the policyholder's age. As the policyholder gets older, the risk of death increases, and therefore, the premium payable also increases. This method is also known as the "age-premium" method and is commonly used in term life insurance policies. The natural premium method ensures that the premium payable by the policyholder remains affordable while still providing adequate coverage. It is also considered a fair method of premium calculation as the premium is based on the policyholder's actual age and risk of death.

payment of compensation under professional indemnity insurance would be influenced by?

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The payment of compensation under professional indemnity insurance would be influenced by negligence. Negligence refers to a failure to take reasonable care in one's actions or conduct, which results in harm or damage to another person. In the context of professional indemnity insurance, negligence would typically refer to an error, omission, or mistake made by a professional that results in harm or damage to a client or third party. If a claim is made against a professional for negligence and they have professional indemnity insurance, the insurance company will investigate the claim and determine whether the professional was indeed negligent. If they find that the professional was negligent and the claim is covered by the policy, the insurance company will pay compensation to the claimant. Therefore, negligence is a key factor that can influence the payment of compensation under professional indemnity insurance.

musa lent obinna the sum of N2,000,000 i february 2015 which he promised to pay back at the end of the year..  musa decided to effect a life policy on obinna for a sum of N20,000 

The peril  insured against by musa is 

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The peril insured against by Musa is death. A life policy is a type of insurance that provides a death benefit to the beneficiary of the policy if the insured person passes away. In this case, Musa has taken out a life policy on Obinna for the sum of N20,000. This means that if Obinna were to pass away before the end of the year, Musa would receive N20,000 from the insurance company. Since Musa lent Obinna a large sum of money, it is likely that he wants to protect himself in case Obinna is unable to repay the loan due to unforeseen circumstances such as death. By taking out a life policy on Obinna, Musa is ensuring that he will receive some financial compensation in the event of Obinna's death, which could help to offset the loss of the loan repayment.

An insured arranges for his premium payment to cease at the age of 70. This is a whole life policy with 

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The insured in this scenario has arranged for their premium payments to stop at age 70 for a whole life insurance policy. This means that the policy will remain in effect for the insured's entire life, and the death benefit will be paid out to their beneficiaries upon their death. The type of premium payment arrangement that best fits this scenario is limited premium payment. This is because with a limited premium payment policy, the insured agrees to pay premiums for a specified period of time (in this case, until age 70), after which they no longer have to make premium payments but the policy remains in force. An indeterminate premium payment policy does not have a set premium payment period, while a single premium payment policy requires the insured to make a one-time lump sum payment at the beginning of the policy. A modified premium payment policy allows for flexibility in premium payments, but typically still requires payments beyond a certain age or for a certain period of time.

contract of insurance which involves large industrial risks are handled for protection through the completion of?

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A condition precedent to an insurance contract is the

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A condition precedent to an insurance contract is the existence of the subject matter of insurance. This means that in order for an insurance contract to be valid, the thing or person being insured must actually exist at the time the contract is entered into. For example, if someone tries to insure a house that has already burned down, the insurance contract would not be valid because the subject matter of the insurance no longer exists. Similarly, if someone tries to insure a car that they do not yet own, the insurance contract would not be valid because the subject matter of the insurance does not yet exist. The existence of the subject matter of insurance is a fundamental requirement for any insurance contract to be valid and enforceable.

One of the functions of the institute of loss adjuster of Nigeria is to

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The function of the Institute of Loss Adjusters of Nigeria is to offer technical services in claim investigation. This means that the institute is responsible for investigating and evaluating insurance claims in order to determine the extent of the loss and the amount of compensation that should be paid to the insured. The institute ensures that the claims are thoroughly investigated and that the compensation paid is fair and just, based on the terms of the insurance policy. This helps to ensure that the insurance business operates fairly and efficiently, and that insured individuals and businesses are protected in the event of loss.

A loss assessor in a claim settlement process is representing the interest of the?

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In a claim settlement process, a loss assessor is representing the interest of the insured. The insured is the person or entity who purchased the insurance policy and is seeking compensation for a loss or damage covered by the policy. The loss assessor's role is to investigate the claim, assess the damage, and determine the amount of compensation that should be paid to the insured. Their responsibility is to make sure that the insured receives fair compensation for their loss and that the insurance company fulfills their obligation under the policy. Therefore, the loss assessor acts as an advocate for the insured during the claims process.

The financial interest of the insured in an insurance policy is the

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one of the steps taken by an insurer in claim settlement is to?

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one of the perils of nature is?

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One of the perils of nature is an earthquake. An earthquake is a natural disaster that occurs when the tectonic plates in the Earth's crust shift suddenly, causing seismic waves. These waves can cause the ground to shake violently, which can lead to damage to buildings, roads, and other structures, as well as to injury or death for people and animals caught in the quake. Earthquakes can also trigger other hazards, such as landslides, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions. While it is not possible to predict when an earthquake will occur, people can take steps to prepare for them, such as by securing their homes and belongings and having an emergency plan in place.

A condition which the insuring public would use to evaluate the financial stability of an insurer is?

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One way the public can evaluate the financial stability of an insurer is by looking at the prompt payment of claims. This means checking if the insurer is paying out claims to policyholders in a timely and efficient manner. If the insurer is able to pay claims promptly, it could indicate that they have a strong financial position and are able to fulfill their obligations to policyholders. On the other hand, if the insurer is frequently delaying or denying claims, it could raise concerns about their financial stability and ability to pay out in the future.

Marine cargo insurance indemnifies the insured for a loss of?

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Marine cargo insurance indemnifies the insured for a loss of the consignment or goods being transported by sea. This means that if the goods being shipped are lost, damaged, or stolen during transit, the insurance policy will provide financial compensation to the insured for the value of the lost or damaged goods. This type of insurance is important for businesses that frequently ship goods by sea, as it protects against the risk of loss or damage during transit and provides peace of mind for both the shipper and the recipient of the goods.

The right to effect a contract of insurance on the life of a debtor by the creditor is?

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The right to effect a contract of insurance on the life of a debtor by the creditor is called insurable interest. Insurable interest means that a person or entity must have a financial interest in the insured person's life or property in order to purchase an insurance policy. In the case of a creditor, they have an insurable interest in the life of their debtor because the debtor owes them money. If the debtor were to pass away, the creditor would suffer a financial loss. Therefore, the creditor has the right to take out a life insurance policy on their debtor as long as they have an insurable interest in their life. This is an example of how insurance can help manage risk and protect financial interests.

The class of insurance under which a visitor who was bitten by her host dog would be compensated is?

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The class of insurance under which a visitor who was bitten by her host dog would be compensated is public liability insurance. Public liability insurance covers the policyholder for legal liability for injuries or property damage caused to third parties, which includes visitors to their property. In this case, the visitor who was bitten by the host's dog would be considered a third party, and the host's public liability insurance would provide coverage for the costs associated with the injury, such as medical bills or legal fees if a lawsuit were to be filed. It's important to note that not all public liability insurance policies cover injuries caused by animals, so it's always a good idea to check the policy terms and conditions before purchasing or making a claim.

A factor to be considered before a proposal for endowment assurance is accepted is the proposer's?

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insurers requesting for membership of Nigeria Insurers Association is required by law to?

(i) have been registered with NAICOM (ii)operate with sound insurance principles (iii) hold membership of CHN (iv)  ascribe to the policy holding of NIA 

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Insurers requesting for membership of Nigeria Insurers Association (NIA) are required by law to have been registered with the National Insurance Commission (NAICOM) and operate with sound insurance principles. Additionally, they are required to ascribe to the policy holding of NIA. Therefore, the correct option is (ii) i, ii, and iv only. The NIA is the umbrella organization for all insurance companies in Nigeria. By requiring its members to operate with sound insurance principles, the NIA ensures that its members are reputable and operate in the best interests of their clients. By requiring its members to ascribe to its policy holding, the NIA ensures that its members adhere to a standard set of policies and guidelines. Membership of the Council of Heads of National Insurance (CHN) is not a requirement for NIA membership. However, it is possible that individual insurance companies may be members of both organizations.

A risk considered as sub standard in future can be dealt with by insurers through

(i) premium loading (ii) double insurance (iii) excess imposition

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A general question in an insurance proposal form is

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A general question in an insurance proposal form is the name of the proposer. This refers to the person or organization making the request for insurance coverage. The name of the proposer is important as it helps the insurance company identify who they are insuring and to whom they will be providing coverage. Additionally, the name of the proposer is used to create a record of the insurance policy and to track any claims or changes to the policy in the future.

The legth of time in which a proposer is expected to effect changes in life insurance contract is?

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A reinsurance cover of N100,000 in excess of N20,000 was entered by insurer K with reinsurer M. In the event of a loss amounting to N120,000, M would pay? 

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one benefit of life insurance policy is that it serves as 

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The insurance professional who assist the third party to evaluate the extent of loss in a motor accident is

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The insurance professional who helps evaluate the extent of loss in a motor accident on behalf of a third party is called a loss assessor or a loss adjuster. Their role is to investigate the circumstances of the accident and assess the amount of loss or damage suffered by the policyholder. This may include examining the vehicle, talking to witnesses, and gathering other relevant information. Once the assessment is complete, the loss assessor provides a report to the insurance company, outlining the extent of the loss or damage and recommending an appropriate settlement. The report may also be used as evidence in any legal proceedings related to the accident. Overall, a loss assessor plays a crucial role in ensuring that policyholders receive fair and accurate compensation for their losses in a motor accident.

jaguna's repaired expenses of N75,000 would be paid by

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Jaguna's repaired expenses of N75,000 would most likely be paid by Jaguna's insurer. This is because insurance companies provide coverage for the policyholder in case of damage to their property or in the event of an accident. So, if Jaguna has insurance coverage for the damage, it is likely that the insurer would pay for the repaired expenses. On the other hand, if Jaguna does not have insurance coverage for the damage, then they would likely be responsible for paying the repaired expenses themselves. Similarly, if the damages were caused by someone else, such as Basanya, then Basanya's insurer might be responsible for paying for the repairs. However, this would depend on the specific details and circumstances of the situation.

An insurance policy is subject to a franchise of N115,000, how much would an insured who suffered of N120,000 recieve as compwnsation

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If an insurance policy is subject to a franchise of N115,000, and an insured person suffered a loss of N120,000, they would receive N5,000 as compensation. A franchise is a deductible amount, which means that the insured person is responsible for paying the first portion of the loss up to the franchise amount. In this case, the franchise amount is N115,000, so the insured person would be responsible for paying the first N115,000 of the loss. The insurance company would then cover the remaining amount, which in this case would be N5,000. So, the insured person would receive a total compensation of N5,000 from the insurance company.

full return of premium paid for a contract of insurance is applicable in a situation involving?

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Extension cover under money insurance policy doesnt include?

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The winding up of an insurance is legally required to be based on a petition written from not less than 

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Addition of a new building to an existing fire and special perils insurance would be effected through the issuance of?

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Addition of a new building to an existing fire and special perils insurance would be effected through the issuance of an endorsement. An endorsement is a document that modifies the terms and conditions of an existing insurance policy. In this case, the endorsement would add the new building to the existing policy, thereby extending the coverage to include the new building. This is a more efficient and cost-effective way to make changes to an insurance policy than taking out a new policy altogether. By issuing an endorsement, the policyholder can ensure that their insurance coverage remains up to date and relevant to their changing circumstances.

insurer XYZ is jointly covered for two lines surplus treaty reinsurance by reinsurers I,J,K and L for a retention limit of N120,000. The amount of cession for reinsurer K if all reinsurers share the risk equally with the sum insured of N360,000 is?

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A document issued by an insurer giving temporary protection to the insure is?

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A document issued by an insurer that provides temporary insurance coverage for the insured is called a cover note. When an individual applies for insurance, there may be a period of time between the application and the issuance of the policy. During this time, the insurer may issue a cover note, which provides temporary coverage until the policy is finalized and issued. A cover note typically includes the insured's name, the type of insurance coverage provided, the period of time for which the coverage is in effect, and any other relevant details. Once the policy is issued, the cover note is no longer valid. An endorsement is a change to an existing insurance policy, a certificate is a document that confirms the details of an insurance policy, and a proposal form is the initial application for insurance.

family income benefit effected without capital benefit pays the sum assured from the date of?

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use the following information to answer the question below.

Basanya's vehicle was hit at the rear by jaguna's vehicle. The two vehicles had a minimum cover. estimate of repairs were as follows; 

Basanya's vehicle - N155,000; jaguna's vehicle- N75,000

The compensation would be calculated as

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The form of term assurance that operates three options which must be excised before maturity is

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The form of term assurance that operates three options which must be excised before maturity is convertible term insurance. Convertible term insurance is a type of life insurance that allows the policyholder to convert their policy into a permanent life insurance policy, such as whole life insurance or universal life insurance, before the policy's maturity date. The three options that must be exercised before the maturity date are the policy conversion option, the policy continuation option, and the policy expiration option. The policy conversion option allows the policyholder to convert their term life insurance policy into a permanent life insurance policy. The policy continuation option allows the policyholder to continue the term life insurance policy beyond the original term. The policy expiration option allows the policyholder to simply allow the policy to expire at the end of the term without receiving any benefits. Convertible term insurance can be a good option for individuals who want the flexibility to switch to a permanent life insurance policy in the future, but who may not be able to afford the higher premiums associated with permanent life insurance at the time they purchase their policy.

car plying the road seeking passengers for payment of fares are classified by insurers as?

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Cars that are used for transporting passengers for payment of fares are classified as commercial vehicles by insurance companies. This is because they are being used for commercial purposes, i.e., to make a profit. Insurance for commercial vehicles is different from insurance for private cars, as the risks and liabilities associated with commercial vehicles are higher. For example, if a person hires a taxi and gets into an accident, the taxi driver and the taxi company could be held responsible. This is why commercial vehicle insurance typically provides more coverage than private motor insurance.

musa lent obinna the sum of N2,000,000 i february 2015 which he promised to pay back at the end of the year..  musa decided to effect a life policy on obinna for a sum of N20,000 

The subject matter of insurance in the package is?

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The subject matter of insurance in the package is obinna's life. Musa lent Obinna the sum of N2,000,000 in February 2015, and Obinna promised to pay back at the end of the year. Musa then decided to effect a life policy on Obinna for a sum of N20,000. This means that if Obinna were to pass away before he pays back the loan, the insurance policy would pay out N20,000 to Musa to cover the outstanding debt. Therefore, the life policy is designed to protect Musa's financial interest in the event of Obinna's untimely death, which would prevent him from repaying the loan. The insurance policy's subject matter is therefore Obinna's life, and the sum assured of N20,000 is the amount that Musa would receive if the policy is triggered due to Obinna's death.

Non-indemnity insurance policies are referred to as

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Non-indemnity insurance policies are referred to as benefit policies. Indemnity insurance policies are designed to compensate policyholders for losses they have suffered, typically by reimbursing them for the cost of repairs or replacements. Non-indemnity insurance policies, on the other hand, provide policyholders with a specific benefit, such as a fixed amount of money, regardless of their actual losses. For example, a health insurance policy is a type of benefit policy that provides policyholders with a set amount of coverage for medical expenses, regardless of the actual cost of those expenses. Similarly, a life insurance policy provides a death benefit to the policyholder's beneficiaries, regardless of the actual expenses incurred as a result of the policyholder's death.

A manufacturing company whose production was abruptly stopped by fire incidence would have its claim for loss of earning settled under the class of

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The claim for loss of earning due to fire incidence would be settled under the class of consequential loss insurance. Consequential loss insurance, also known as business interruption insurance, provides coverage for losses incurred as a result of a disruption to normal business operations. This type of insurance is designed to help businesses recover lost income, pay ongoing expenses, and cover any additional costs associated with resuming operations after a covered event, such as a fire. Therefore, if a manufacturing company's production was abruptly stopped by fire, and the company suffered financial losses as a result, their claim would be covered under consequential loss insurance.

An insurance that could be effected with profit feauture is

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An insurance policy that could have a profit feature is called an endowment assurance. Endowment assurance is a type of life insurance that combines life coverage with an investment component. The policyholder pays regular premiums, and if they live until the end of the policy term, they receive a lump sum payment, known as the endowment. If the policyholder dies before the end of the policy term, their beneficiaries receive the death benefit, which is the sum insured. Endowment assurance policies are designed to provide both life coverage and a savings component, with the potential for the policyholder to earn a profit, in the form of the endowment, at the end of the policy term.

claims paid by insurers in the event of loss is irrecoverable when the?

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 (a) State three roles of National Insurance Commission.

(b) List and explain three methods of providing indemnity. 
 

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None

(a) Outline three features of life assurance.

(b) State three benefits each of life assurance to the;
(i) individuals
(ii) government 
 

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None

 Read the case below carefully and answer the questions which follow.

                                                    UNFAVOURABLE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
Garola Kubusa Limited is a Manufacturer of packaging products and has been in operation for several years. The manufacturing industry has been experiencing Challenges and setbacks in recent times, the packaging sector seems to be the worst hit. The operating environment had not been conducive in the areas of power supply, fluctuating value of currency and inconsistent government policies. The plastic packaging sub-sector in which Garola Kubusa operates is not left out in these problems. The company gets its raw materials some of which are polypropylene and wax from a petrochemical plant located in Port Harbey, Rivers State from where they are transported by the company's trailers 'and at times by hired vehicles to the factory site in Asaba, Delta State. The company has not had it smooth due to losses arising from damage to plant and machinery, competition, fire, explosion, pilfering of company's finished products by the employees as well as embezzlement of funds. In severe cases, the company had to shut down for some months before repairs were carried out A good number of the company's customers had absconded with huge debts yet to be paid and left for other companies who are Garola Kubusa's competitors. The company is now considering various alternatives such as importation of raw materials, partly finished goods and finished products in order to restore customers' confidence and meet their demands and tastes while contracting out some of their manufacturing operations as Well to other companies operating in the sector.

(a) Identify and explain four classes of insurance that could help Garola Kubusa Limited in its business operations.

(b) Should Garola Kubusa Limited take insurance cover against losses arising from competition? Give reason for your answer.

(c) If the company resort to importation of its raw materials and finished products; recommend and explain the appropriate insurance cover to take to that effect. 
 

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(a) Who is a loss assessor?

(b) Explain three roles of a loss assessor.

(c) State foul-functions of the Chartered Insurance Institute of Nigeria.
 

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(a) Explain a fidelity guarantee insurance policy.

(b) List and explain the four types of policies in fidelity guarantee insurance. 
 

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None

(a) List six experts that would require professional indemnity insurance in their operations.

(b) Explain the cover provided by each of the following insurance 'policies:
(i) personal liability
(ii) public liability
(ii) professional indemnity 
 

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None

(a) Explain the following concepts as used in insurance:
(i) subject matter of insurance
(ii) subject matter of contract.

(b) State when a policy holder is expected to prove his insurable interest in the following classes of insurance:
(i) Burglary insurance
(ii) Marine insurance
(iii) Life assurance. 
 

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None