JAMB UTME - Literature In English - 2019

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A transferred epithet is popularly known as a "hypallage". A hypallage is a figure of speech in which an adjective or a modifier is grammatically associated with a word other than the one it actually modifies, creating an effect of syntactic inversion. In other words, a hypallage is when an adjective or descriptive word is applied to a different noun than the one it grammatically belongs to. For example, in the phrase "a sleepless night", the adjective "sleepless" is transferred from the person who is supposed to be sleepless to the night itself, which is inanimate and cannot literally experience sleeplessness. However, the phrase makes sense because it conveys the idea that the night feels long and restless. Transferred epithets are often used in literature and poetry to create vivid and striking imagery or to convey complex emotions and ideas.

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The art of using persuasive words in literary works is known as rhetoric. Rhetoric is the use of language to persuade or influence an audience, often through the use of various techniques such as logos, ethos, and pathos. In literature, rhetoric can be used to convey a particular message, evoke certain emotions, or to convince the reader of a particular point of view. It can be used in various forms of writing, including essays, speeches, and poetry. Dilemma is a difficult choice between two options, Parody is a humorous imitation of a particular work, style, or artist, and Paronomasia is a play on words or pun.

"Nightfall! Nightfall!! You are my mortal enemy". The dominant figure of speech above is a/an________

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Apostrophe is used to describe an absent person as if present and a dead person or subject matter and as if living, this should not be confused with personification. So the correct answer is Apostrophe because "Night fall" is directly addressed as if it were living being, this is a figurative quality of an Apostrophe.

Adeoti's Ambush may be best described as____________

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Adeoti's Ambush may be best described as metaphorical. Metaphorical language is the use of a word or phrase that is not meant to be taken literally, but rather to represent something else. In Adeoti's Ambush, the language used goes beyond the literal meaning of words to create a deeper meaning or message. For example, when Adeoti writes, "The road was a serpent, coiled and waiting to strike," he is using a metaphor to compare the road to a serpent, emphasizing the danger and unpredictability of the situation. Through the use of metaphorical language, Adeoti creates vivid imagery that helps readers better understand the themes and ideas in his work. This can make the writing more engaging and memorable, as readers are able to connect with the message on a deeper level.

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Lago's hatred for Othello was born out of the fact that Othello rather appointed Cassio, an inexperienced soldier, as the Lieutenant than himself (Lago). Therefore Othello didn't make him the lieutenant is the correct answer. 

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The atmosphere of a poem has to do with the tone and mood that it creates. The tone of a poem refers to the attitude or perspective of the speaker towards the subject matter, while the mood refers to the emotions or feelings that the poem evokes in the reader. The atmosphere, therefore, is the overall feeling or impression that the poem creates in the reader. The atmosphere can be created through various poetic devices, such as imagery, figurative language, and syntax. The time and place of the poem can also contribute to the atmosphere, but they are not the only factors. For example, a poem set in a beautiful garden may have a peaceful and serene atmosphere, but the same garden could be described in a way that creates a dark or eerie atmosphere. Therefore, while the time and place can influence the atmosphere, it is the tone and mood that are the most significant factors in creating the atmosphere of a poem.

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What lead to Desdemona's betrayal by Othello was when Lago played upon his ( Othello) insecurities, reminding him of Cassio's outstanding qualites , this added to vexing Othello and lured him into doing such . 

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When a writer deviates from the chronological arrangement of events in a literary piece, he uses anachrony. Anachrony refers to the technique of presenting events out of the order in which they occurred chronologically. This technique is often used to create suspense, highlight certain events or themes, or to show the effects of past events on the present. Anachrony can take various forms, including flashbacks, flash-forwards, or a nonlinear narrative structure. It is a common technique used in literature, film, and other forms of storytelling to add complexity and depth to a narrative.

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The bar in Alfred Lord Tennyson's poem "Crossing the Bar" symbolizes the boundary between life and death. This boundary is often referred to as the "crossing" or the "journey" from life on earth to the afterlife. The bar represents the threshold between this life and the next, and the speaker in the poem is asking for God's guidance as he makes this final journey. The bar can be interpreted as a metaphor for the uncertainty and fear associated with death, and the speaker is expressing a desire for a safe and peaceful crossing.

The mood of Diop's 'Vanity' is__________

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The mood of the poem "Vanity" is that of worry and also the poet expressess this through a series of rhetorical questions. 

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The poet with the usage of powerful imageries and symbols as 'gun' and 'wound' reveals that the subject matter of the poem is that of brutality or horrors of war and not mere conflict therefore brutality is the best answer. 

The dorminant mood in Tennyson's Crossing the Bar is that of___________

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The turn is that of acceptance because the poet's feeling was that of preparedness to embark on an evening journey of no return. 

In drama, comic reliefs often occur in_______

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In drama, comic reliefs often occur in tragedies. A comic relief is a scene, character, or dialogue that provides a temporary respite from the serious and emotional intensity of the main plot. It is used to lighten the mood and add humor to a play, and is often found in tragedies where the overall tone is dark and heavy. The use of comic relief allows the audience to take a break from the intense emotions and events of the play and can make the play as a whole more enjoyable and memorable.

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Use the extract below to answer questions

Line 1: My heart leaps up when I behold
Line 2: A rainbow in the sky
Line 3: so was it when my life began
Line 4: so is it now
Line 5: so is it when I have grown
Line 6: the child is the father of the man.

The literary device used in line 6 is an example of______

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Probably on the first instance the statement may not seem true but with a closer examination it appears to be true and realistic

A story which explains a natural phenomenon is_______

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Parable is stories concern the issues of right reason and good conscience and have didactic qualities, it is also often seen as an earthly story which has heavenly inclinations. 

Use the extract below to answer questions

Line 1: My heart leaps up when I behold
Line 2: A rainbow in the sky
Line 3: so was it when my life began
Line 4: so is it now
Line 5: so is it when I have grown
Line 6: the child is the father of the man.

 The object of the extract is____?

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A dramatic type directed against an individual or a private institute with the intent to severely ridicule is called_________

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The correct term for a dramatic type directed against an individual or a private institute with the intent to severely ridicule is a "lampoon." A lampoon is a type of satirical writing that specifically targets individuals or organizations, using humor and ridicule to expose flaws, criticize behaviors, or challenge beliefs. Lampoons are often written in a sarcastic, exaggerated, or insulting manner, and they can be found in many forms, such as cartoons, poems, or songs. The purpose of a lampoon is to entertain the audience while also making a serious point or social commentary.

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The mood of the poet in the poem is one of hopelessness. The poem describes the struggles of a people who have suffered due to communal conflict, resulting in the loss of land, crops, and even human life. The imagery used in the poem is bleak and mournful, with references to the land being turned to rock, the earth no longer breathing, and the moon shedding tears. These images suggest a sense of despair and hopelessness, as if the poet is mourning the loss of a way of life that can never be regained. The use of words such as "bloody woes", "accursed revenges", and "soldered tears" further reinforces the sense of hopelessness that pervades the poem. The poet's mood is one of sadness and despair at the loss of a way of life that was once joyous and bountiful.

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What distinguishes literature from other disciplines is its use of creative imagination and its exposition of human experiences. Literature is a form of artistic expression that allows writers to use their imaginations to explore and express the complexities of the human experience. It is not limited by the constraints of reality, and can instead draw upon the full range of human emotions, thoughts, and experiences. Through the use of symbolism, metaphor, and other literary devices, literature is able to convey the essence of the human experience in a way that is unique and powerful. In this sense, literature is distinct from other disciplines such as science, history, or philosophy, which may also deal with aspects of the human experience, but do so in a more structured and empirical manner.

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Nemesis is the significant literary devices here, the poet portrays the importance of moral virtues and humility through the reversal of fortunes of the King.

'The fair breeze blew
The white foam flew
The furrow followed free
We were the first that ever burst
Into that silent sea.'

The dominant figure of speech in the above passage is

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Bayo Adebowale portrayed Yaremi as resilient, self reliant and strong willed particularly to__________

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Despite the resentment from most men in Kufi, Yaremi remained self-reliant and assertive.The author strongly condemned and advocates for the change in the African belief system as the male superiority over the female gender. Option D although may seem tempting, but clearly relates to the unfounded beliefs that widows are responsible for their husbands' death etc.

Use excerpt below to answer questions

"Now, by yond marble
heaven,
In the due reverence of a sacred vow
I here enrage my words." (Shakespeare's Othello)

The prevailing activity in the extract is

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What made Lago and Othello to kneel before each other as take a vow on how to revenge against Desdemona was because he has been ignited by Lago. 

Use excerpt below to answer questions

"Now, by yond marble
heaven,
In the due reverence of a sacred vow
I here enrage my words." (Shakespeare's Othello)

Consequent upon the act in the excerpt, ...

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Consequent upon the act in the excerpt, Othello changed from being the hero to a villain. In the excerpt, Othello is making a vow and using strong, impassioned language to emphasize the seriousness of his words. This transformation is significant because it represents a turning point in the play, as Othello's character shifts from being a respected and admired military leader to a jealous and vengeful figure. This change is brought on by the manipulation of Iago, who convinces Othello that his wife Desdemona is unfaithful. Othello's increasing jealousy and anger ultimately lead to his descent into villainy.

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A narrative hook is the illustration that serves to persuasively sustain the interest of the readers in a literary piece. It's a tool used by writers to grab the reader's attention and keep them engaged in the story. A narrative hook can be an interesting character, a dramatic event, a cliffhanger, a surprising revelation, or any other element that makes the reader want to keep reading to find out what happens next. In essence, a narrative hook is what keeps the reader hooked on the story and invested in its outcome.

One of the following is not significant to Morris' "The Proud King"

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" The proud King" is actually a biblical allusion because it an epic poem which is didactic in nature and teaches moral lessons , it is also concern for the sense of good virtue makes as well a parable of some kind. 

The literary term for conflict in literature is_________

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The literary term for conflict in literature is "Agon". Agon refers to the central struggle or conflict between characters, ideas, or forces in a literary work. It is an essential element of the plot that drives the story forward and creates tension and drama. Agon can take many forms, such as a physical battle, a psychological struggle, or a moral dilemma, and it can be between the protagonist and an antagonist, or within the protagonist's own mind or conscience. In summary, Agon is a crucial component of a story that creates conflict, tension, and interest for the reader or audience.

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Amma Darko's "Faceless" ended with________

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The novel ended by explaining how Baby T's spirit caused Onko commit suicide while Maami Broni opens all their evil deeds.

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In literary criticism, a casual reference to a figure or an event is regarded as an allusion. An allusion is a literary device that refers to a person, event, or work of art in a passing or indirect manner. It assumes that the reader has prior knowledge of the subject being referred to, and the writer can use it to add depth and meaning to their work. Allusions can be used to create a connection between the reader and the text or to provide cultural or historical context. Therefore, an allusion is a type of reference that adds layers of meaning to a literary work.

Analogy is the arrangement of two ideas that are_________

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Analogy is the arrangement of two ideas that are similar. An analogy is a comparison between two things that are alike in certain aspects to help explain or clarify a complex or abstract idea. In this comparison, there is usually a relationship between two pairs of words or ideas, where one pair is to the other pair as the first term is to its relationship with the second term. The relationship between the two pairs of words or ideas may be of many types, such as cause and effect, antonyms, synonyms, and so on. Overall, the use of analogy helps people understand complex ideas by relating them to more familiar or understandable concepts.

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A didactic poem that features animals as characters may be distinctively described as an apologue. An apologue is a form of allegory that uses animals or inanimate objects to teach a moral or lesson. This type of poem often aims to instruct or guide its readers on how to live a good life or make the right decisions. The animals in an apologue usually represent different human qualities or characteristics, and the events and actions in the poem serve as a metaphor for real-life situations. Therefore, an apologue is an effective tool for teaching morals and values to children and adults alike.

The most dominant poetic device used in Okara's 'Panio and Drums' is_______

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The most dominant poetic device used in Okara's 'Piano and Drums' is "symbolism." Symbolism is a literary device that uses symbols to represent ideas or qualities beyond their literal meaning. In the poem, the piano and the drums represent two different cultures - the Western and the African - and the conflict between them. The piano symbolizes Western culture, which is associated with order, control, and civilization, while the drums represent African culture, which is associated with rhythm, passion, and tradition. Through this symbolism, the poem explores the speaker's struggle to reconcile his African heritage with the influence of Western culture.

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A short poem that expresses an idea in a clever way is called an Epigram. An epigram is a concise and witty poem or statement that often has a clever twist or pun at the end. It is meant to make the reader think and often has a humorous or satirical tone. The word "epigram" comes from the Greek word "epigramma," which means "inscription" or "something pointed."

Read the poem and answer questions

At dawn must I rise to till the rock
That our land has turned into
The land where on we'd gleefully harvested paddy
Planted and nurtured and tended on plots marshy
Our woes are bloody woes of accursed revenges
Of the land spirits aggrieved by paltry human respect
For the life of fellow man by his fellow
Kindred blood has counted for less than no value
Brother's wife has been wife to other brother's brother
Communal loot has emptied our country silos
The earth has stopped breathing and sighed
Soldered tears has the moon shed
The earth was scorched at noon-day night
And our land has turned to hoeing rock.

The run-on lines convey the speaker's_______

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The flow of words and expressions, from one to another, of the poet directly reflect his sorrowful state of mind for the tragedies that have consumed his land

A poem of 14 lines is known as__________

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A poem of 14 lines is known as a "sonnet". A sonnet is a type of poem that originated in Italy in the 13th century and became popular in England in the 16th century. It consists of 14 lines and typically follows a strict rhyme scheme and a specific structure. The most common type of sonnet is the "Shakespearean" or "English" sonnet, which is composed of three quatrains (four-line stanzas) and a final couplet (two-line stanza). The rhyme scheme of a Shakespearean sonnet is usually ABAB CDCD EFEF GG, meaning that the first and third lines of each quatrain rhyme with each other, as do the second and fourth lines, and the final couplet rhymes with each other. Sonnet form is often used to express intense or complex emotions, such as love, loss, and mortality. Many of the greatest poets in history have written sonnets, including William Shakespeare, John Donne, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, and Pablo Neruda.

Aloho begins her harvest of corruption when____________

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It was when Aloho found out she was 3 months pregnant and the chances of abortion were impossible that was when the harvest of corruption started in The novel. 

_______ is used to describe the situation where a character recognize his mistake

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Anagnorisis is used to describe the situation where a character recognizes their mistake. Anagnorisis is a term from classical Greek drama, and it refers to the moment in a play when the protagonist realizes the error of their ways. This realization often leads to a change in the character's behavior or a shift in the direction of the plot. In literature, anagnorisis is often used to bring about a resolution to the conflict or to provide a turning point in the story. It can be a powerful moment in a story, as it allows the reader to see the character grow and develop, and it often leads to a greater understanding of the story as a whole.

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The line "The earth has stopped breathing and sighed" illustrates personification. Personification is a figure of speech in which human qualities are attributed to non-human entities such as animals, objects, or natural phenomena. In this line, the poet personifies the earth, giving it human-like qualities of breathing and sighing. The use of personification is effective in conveying the idea that the land is suffering and struggling to survive due to the neglect and mistreatment by its human inhabitants. The line does not illustrate bathos, which is an abrupt shift from a serious or lofty style to a common or ridiculous one. It is also not a paradox, which is a statement that appears self-contradictory or absurd but may be true in fact. Additionally, it is not a climax, which is the point of highest dramatic tension or a turning point in a narrative.