JAMB UTME - Geography - 2018

Which of these hazard would most like result directly from deforestation?

Detalles de la respuesta

Deforestation is the clearing of trees and other vegetation in a forested area. One of the most likely hazards that can result directly from deforestation is soil erosion. When trees are cut down, the roots that held the soil in place are also removed, leaving the soil exposed and vulnerable to erosion by wind and rain. With no tree cover to protect the soil, rainwater can wash away the topsoil, leading to soil erosion. This process can cause the soil to become less fertile, which can make it difficult for plants to grow and can ultimately lead to desertification. Additionally, deforestation can also lead to changes in the water cycle, which can result in decreased water availability, increased flooding, and other forms of water pollution. However, these hazards are less directly linked to deforestation than soil erosion.

Organic components of the soil include all the following except_______

Detalles de la respuesta

The organic components of the soil include microorganisms, humus, and animal remains. The correct answer, therefore, is "rock pedestal." Rock pedestal, also known as bedrock, is a non-organic component of the soil. It is the solid, underlying layer of rock that makes up the Earth's crust. Bedrock does not contain any organic material, and it does not contribute to the fertility of the soil. On the other hand, the organic components of soil are essential for healthy plant growth. Microorganisms break down organic matter into nutrients that plants can absorb, while humus provides a rich source of nutrients for plant growth. Animal remains, such as dead insects or animal waste, can also provide organic material for the soil. In summary, while microorganisms, humus, and animal remains are all examples of organic components of soil, rock pedestal is a non-organic component and does not contribute to the fertility of the soil.

An instrument used for setting out right angle in surveying a parcel of land is

Detalles de la respuesta

Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, and science of determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional positions of points and the distances and angles between them

All the following are examples of intrusive volcanic features except____________

Detalles de la respuesta

Intrusive vulcanicity involves the solidification of molten magma within the earth's crust

The dominant foreign exchange earner of Senegal is

Detalles de la respuesta

The dominant foreign exchange earner of Senegal is groundnut. Groundnut, also known as peanut, is one of the main agricultural crops grown in Senegal. It is a versatile crop that can be used for food, oil, and animal feed. Groundnuts are an important source of income for many farmers in Senegal, and the country is one of the largest producers of groundnuts in Africa. The export of groundnuts is a significant source of foreign exchange for Senegal. The country exports groundnuts to various international markets, including Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. In addition to groundnuts, Senegal also exports other agricultural products such as fish, fruits, and vegetables, as well as textiles and chemicals. However, groundnuts remain the main foreign exchange earner for the country.

A broad-based population pyramid is composed mainly

Detalles de la respuesta

A broad-based population pyramid is composed mainly of young dependants and active inhabitants. This means that there are more people in the younger age brackets (typically 0-14 years old) and a significant proportion of the population is in the working age bracket (typically 15-64 years old). The number of elderly people (typically 65 years and above) in this type of pyramid is relatively small. Broad-based population pyramids are typically associated with countries that have high birth rates and lower life expectancies. In these countries, the younger population tends to be larger and the older population tends to be smaller due to factors such as high infant mortality rates and shorter life spans. The larger working-age population in these countries can be a potential source of economic growth if they are able to find employment and contribute to the country's development.

Lines joining places of equal sunshine duration on maps are__________

Detalles de la respuesta

The lines joining places of equal sunshine duration on maps are called Isohel. Isohel is a type of contour line that connects all the points on a map that receive the same amount of sunlight in a given period, usually a day or a year. These lines are similar to contour lines on a topographic map that connect points of equal elevation. Isohels are used to show areas with similar amounts of sunshine and can be used to analyze patterns in climate and weather. For example, isohel maps can help identify areas with higher or lower amounts of sunlight and help to plan agriculture, solar power generation, and other activities that depend on sunlight.

A river transport its load through the following processes except_________

Detalles de la respuesta

The river transports its load through three main processes: solution, traction, and suspension. Plucking is not a process by which a river transports its load. Solution is the process by which the river dissolves soluble minerals such as calcium and transports them in solution. Traction is the process by which larger and heavier particles such as boulders and pebbles are rolled or dragged along the riverbed. Suspension is the process by which smaller and lighter particles such as silt and clay are carried along in the flowing water. Plucking, on the other hand, is a process by which glaciers transport their load. It occurs when the glacier freezes onto rocks and then plucks them out as the glacier moves. This process is not applicable to rivers as they do not have the capability to freeze onto rocks and pluck them out.

The major environmental problem associated with Area marked Y is____________

Detalles de la respuesta

Environmental issues are harmful effects of human activity on the biophysical environment. South Eastern States of Nigeria are heavily affected by gully erosion due to their underlying geology and the serenity of their accompanied surface process.

Latitude 66 and half marks the____________

Detalles de la respuesta

Latitude 66 and a half (66.5) marks the Arctic Circle. The Arctic Circle is an imaginary line that circles the Earth at approximately 66.5 degrees latitude, which is located in the northern hemisphere. This line marks the southernmost point at which the sun can remain continuously above or below the horizon for a full 24 hours, depending on the time of year. Therefore, if you are at a location with latitude 66.5 degrees or higher, it means that you are within the Arctic Circle and can experience the phenomenon of the midnight sun during the summer solstice, where the sun remains above the horizon for a full 24 hours. In contrast, during the winter solstice, the sun will not rise above the horizon at all, resulting in 24 hours of darkness. Hence, the correct answer is: - Arctic Circle

Study the map and answer the question. The land-form feature at the centre of the map can best be described as

Detalles de la respuesta

'It is universal and can reach almost every where'. Which transport mode is being referred to ?

Detalles de la respuesta

The transport mode that is being referred to as universal and can reach almost everywhere is the road transport. Road transport refers to the movement of people, goods, or materials on roads using vehicles such as cars, buses, trucks, and motorcycles. The road network is extensive and well-developed in most parts of the world, making it possible for vehicles to reach even the most remote areas. Road transport is flexible and can adapt to different types of cargo, from small packages to large containers. It can also accommodate different types of trips, from short local trips to long-distance journeys. This versatility makes it an important mode of transport for both personal and commercial use. Overall, road transport is a crucial component of modern transportation systems and plays a significant role in the economy and daily life of people around the world.

How were the major mountain belts of the world produced?

Detalles de la respuesta

The major mountain belts of the world were produced by a geological process known as "folding". Over millions of years, immense pressure from tectonic plates caused rocks in the Earth's crust to buckle and fold, resulting in the formation of mountain ranges. This process is often associated with the collision of two tectonic plates, which can create enormous forces that push and compress rocks together, causing them to fold and uplift into mountains. Unlike weathering or wind erosion, which wear down and erode mountains over time, folding is a constructive process that builds mountains up. While rivers and other natural forces can contribute to the formation of mountains, they are generally not the primary cause of major mountain belts. Instead, the formation of mountain ranges is primarily driven by the slow but powerful movements of the Earth's tectonic plates over long periods of time.

The most extensive vegetation type in the area marked Z is the

Detalles de la respuesta

The two most important factors which account for the pattern of population distribution in West Africa are

Detalles de la respuesta

Physical conditions determine the population distribution in Africa. The topography of an area, how favourable it is determine population distribution. People tend to move from a place to another if the condition is not favourable. Nomads for example move their cattles around for pastures to graze.

The difference between high tide and low tide is referred to as__________

Detalles de la respuesta

The difference between high tide and low tide is referred to as "tidal range". Tidal range is the vertical distance between the highest water level of a high tide and the lowest water level of a low tide. In other words, it is the difference in height between the highest and lowest water levels during a tidal cycle. Tidal range can vary depending on the location, the phase of the moon, and other factors such as weather conditions. It is an important measurement for activities such as boating, fishing, and coastal engineering, as well as for understanding and predicting the effects of sea level changes on coastlines.

Which of the following is not a form of mass movement?

Detalles de la respuesta

The answer is "earthquake" as it is not a form of mass movement. Mass movement refers to the process by which large amounts of soil, rock, and other debris move down a slope under the influence of gravity. Landslides, rockslides, and talus creep are all examples of mass movement. An earthquake, on the other hand, is a sudden shaking of the earth's surface caused by the movement of tectonic plates. While earthquakes can cause landslides and other types of mass movement, the earthquake itself is not a form of mass movement. Instead, it is a geological event that can trigger mass movement in the surrounding area.

Fluid basic lava flow is likely to give rise to a volcanic_____________

Detalles de la respuesta

A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.

The earth is enveloped by a mixture of gases referred to as the___________

Detalles de la respuesta

The answer is "atmosphere". The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth. It is made up of a mixture of gases, including nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases. The atmosphere protects the Earth from the harmful radiation from the sun and helps to regulate the temperature of the planet. It is divided into several layers, including the troposphere (where weather occurs) and the stratosphere (where the ozone layer is located). The atmosphere is essential for life on Earth, as it provides the air we breathe and plays a crucial role in the Earth's water cycle.

A form of chemical weathering is__________

Detalles de la respuesta

The form of chemical weathering is carbonation. Carbonation is a type of chemical weathering that occurs when carbon dioxide from the air reacts with minerals in rocks to form new compounds. This reaction causes the minerals in the rock to dissolve and the rock to become weaker and eventually break down into smaller pieces. This process is important in the formation of soil, as it helps break down rocks and minerals into smaller particles that can be easily transported and mixed into the soil.

The lack of access to food in some parts of the world emanates from

Detalles de la respuesta

What commodity is associated with OPEC?

Detalles de la respuesta

The feature is one or the land forms associated with_________

Detalles de la respuesta

The feature associated with river erosion is valleys. River erosion occurs when a river's fast-moving water cuts into its riverbed and banks, causing the river to widen and deepen over time. This process creates steep-sided valleys that are wider at the bottom than at the top. The riverbed and banks are constantly being reshaped by the erosive forces of the water, which carry away sediment and rocks. Over time, the river's course may change as it continues to erode and deposit material, carving new valleys and leaving behind a signature of its past path in the form of terraces.

Which of the following countries has the least potential for the production of steel?

Detalles de la respuesta

Among the options given, Cuba has the least potential for the production of steel. Cuba is a small island country in the Caribbean with a limited supply of natural resources, including iron ore and coal, which are essential raw materials for steel production. Cuba's iron reserves are low-quality and require significant processing to be suitable for steelmaking. Additionally, Cuba has limited access to modern steelmaking technology and expertise, which further restricts its potential for steel production. On the other hand, India, Japan, and Germany have significant potential for steel production. India is one of the world's largest producers of steel, with abundant iron ore reserves and a highly skilled workforce. Japan and Germany are also major players in the global steel industry, with advanced technology and ample access to raw materials.

All the following are environmental hazards except___________

Detalles de la respuesta

The environmental hazard among the given options that is not included is afforestation. Afforestation refers to the process of planting trees in an area where there was no forest, or the forest has been destroyed, and it is typically seen as a positive action for the environment. On the other hand, the other three options are environmental hazards that can have negative impacts on people and the environment. Flooding, for example, can lead to property damage, displacement of people, and loss of life. Vulcanicity, which refers to the movement of magma and volcanic activity, can result in the release of toxic gases, destruction of property, and loss of life. Deforestation, which is the clearing of forests for various human activities, can cause soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and contribute to climate change.

Which of the following rocks is composed of the skeletons of microscopic sea plants and animals?

Detalles de la respuesta

The rock composed of the skeletons of microscopic sea plants and animals is called "Chalk". Chalk is a soft, white, porous sedimentary rock that is formed from the remains of tiny marine organisms called coccolithophores. These microscopic creatures have hard shells made of calcium carbonate, and when they die, their shells accumulate on the ocean floor. Over time, these accumulations can become compressed and cemented together, forming the soft rock we know as chalk. Chalk is often found in areas that were once covered by shallow seas, such as in the cliffs of southern England. It has many uses, including as a writing surface, in construction, and as a natural fertilizer. Its softness and white color also make it a popular material for art, such as in the creation of chalk drawings.

The feature marked X in the diagram is a ________

Detalles de la respuesta

A sea stack is a geological land form consisting of a steep and often vertical column of rock in the sea near a coast.,formed by wave erosion.

A mercury barometer is used for measuring_________

Detalles de la respuesta

A mercury barometer is used for measuring atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure is the force exerted by the weight of air molecules in the atmosphere. It is an important parameter that affects weather patterns and other natural phenomena. A mercury barometer consists of a long glass tube filled with mercury and inverted into a dish of mercury. The mercury in the tube rises or falls depending on the atmospheric pressure. When the atmospheric pressure is high, the weight of the air above the barometer pushes down on the surface of the mercury in the dish, forcing the mercury in the tube to rise. Conversely, when the atmospheric pressure is low, the weight of the air above the barometer is less, and the mercury in the tube falls. By measuring the height of the mercury column in the tube, the atmospheric pressure can be determined. The standard unit of atmospheric pressure is the Pascal (Pa), but barometric pressure is often measured in units of millimeters of mercury (mmHg) or inches of mercury (inHg). In summary, a mercury barometer is a device used to measure atmospheric pressure by observing the height of a column of mercury in a glass tube.

British foreign investments are concentrated in

Detalles de la respuesta

The commonwealth of nations, known as commonwealth is an inter governmental organisation of 53 member States that are mostly former territories of the British empire

The peeling off of surface layers of a rounded boulders during mechanical weathering is called________

Detalles de la respuesta

The peeling off of surface layers of a rounded boulder during mechanical weathering is called exfoliation. Exfoliation is a type of mechanical weathering process that occurs when layers of rock or boulder peel off from the surface due to pressure release. The process usually occurs in rocks that have been exposed to intense heat, pressure, and other environmental factors for a long time. As a result of these factors, the rock expands and contracts repeatedly, causing the surface layers to crack and break apart. Over time, these cracks become wider, and the layers begin to peel off, revealing the smooth and rounded boulder underneath. Exfoliation is often seen in granitic rocks, where the outer layers peel off to form concentric layers resembling an onion. The process can also occur in other rock types such as sandstone and shale. Overall, exfoliation is an important geological process that contributes to the breakdown and erosion of rocks over time, shaping the landscape around us.

Use the information given in the chart and answer the question. If the total population of the city is 500,000 what is the population of ward 4?

Detalles de la respuesta

In which of the following rock types is petroleum mainly found?

Detalles de la respuesta

Petroleum is mainly found in sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation and cementation of sediments, which can include organic matter such as dead plants and animals. Over time, this organic matter can become buried and subjected to heat and pressure, which can transform it into petroleum through a process called diagenesis. Petroleum is a fossil fuel that is composed of hydrocarbons, which are molecules made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms. The organic matter in sedimentary rocks that forms petroleum is usually derived from marine plants and animals that died and sank to the bottom of the ocean. Over time, these organic remains can be buried by layers of sediment, and the heat and pressure from the overlying rocks can cause them to be transformed into petroleum. While it is possible for petroleum to be found in other types of rocks, such as metamorphic rocks that have undergone extreme heat and pressure, sedimentary rocks are by far the most common type of rock that contains petroleum. This is because the process of petroleum formation requires the accumulation and burial of organic matter, which is most likely to occur in sedimentary environments such as oceans, lakes, and swamps.

One of the following does not determine the availability of resources in a country____________

Detalles de la respuesta

Evolution does not determine the availability of resources in a country. Evolution refers to the gradual changes in species over time through the process of natural selection. It has no direct effect on the availability of resources in a country. Population, emigration, and morbidity, on the other hand, can influence the availability of resources in a country. A large population can lead to increased demand for resources, while emigration can decrease the number of people using those resources. Morbidity, or the rate of illness and disease in a population, can also impact the availability of resources, as a large portion of the population may require medical attention and resources.

Dodoma is to Tanzania as ______ to Nigeria

Detalles de la respuesta

The answer is Abuja. Dodoma is the capital city of Tanzania, and similarly, Abuja is the capital city of Nigeria. Prior to Abuja, Lagos was the capital city of Nigeria. However, due to its rapidly growing population and other challenges, the government decided to move the capital to a more central location in the country, which is Abuja. Therefore, just as Dodoma serves as the political hub of Tanzania, Abuja serves as the political center of Nigeria.

In which of the following countries is cotton growing under irrigation the mainstay of the agricultural economy?

Detalles de la respuesta

Cotton growing under irrigation is the mainstay of the agricultural economy in Sudan. Sudan is one of the largest producers of cotton in Africa and the world, and cotton farming is a major part of its agricultural economy. The country has a long history of growing cotton, with the industry dating back to the early 20th century. Cotton farming in Sudan is mainly done under irrigation due to the arid climate in most parts of the country. The irrigated areas for cotton farming are mainly found in the central and eastern regions of the country, such as the Gezira Scheme, which is one of the largest irrigation projects in the world. Cotton is a major export commodity for Sudan, and the industry employs a significant portion of the country's population. The government has made efforts to promote and support the cotton industry, with initiatives such as providing subsidies to farmers and investing in research and development to improve cotton production and quality. In summary, cotton growing under irrigation is the mainstay of the agricultural economy in Sudan, due to its favorable climate for cotton farming, long history of cotton production, and significant export earnings from the cotton industry.

One basic mineral that is common to Sokoto, Ewekoro, Calabar and Nkalagu is

Detalles de la respuesta

The basic mineral that is common to Sokoto, Ewekoro, Calabar, and Nkalagu is limestone. Limestone is a sedimentary rock that is composed mainly of calcium carbonate, which is a mineral that is commonly found in the Earth's crust. It is a very versatile mineral that has a wide range of applications, including in the construction industry, as a raw material for cement production, and in agriculture as a soil conditioner. Sokoto, Ewekoro, Calabar, and Nkalagu are all regions in Nigeria that have abundant deposits of limestone. The limestone in these areas is of high quality and is a significant source of revenue for the local economy. It is usually mined from quarries and then processed into various forms for its different uses. Therefore, the basic mineral that is common to all these areas is limestone, which is an essential raw material for various industries and is vital for economic growth and development.

If the time at the Greenwich Meridian is 11.00am, what would the local time be at a place 750W?

Detalles de la respuesta

Time at GMT is 11am, 150 = 1 hour, 750 gives us 5 hours

  The West looses, therefore

  11am - 5hours = 6:00am.

  Option D is the right answer, all other options are wrong

Use the map below to answer the question. The major environmental problems associated with the area marked Y is

Detalles de la respuesta

If the distance between two places on a map is 2cm, while the distance on land is 4km, the scale of the map is

Detalles de la respuesta

The scale of a map is the ratio of the distance on the map to the actual distance on land. It is usually written as a fraction, like 1:100,000, where the first number represents the distance on the map and the second number represents the corresponding distance on land. To find the scale of the map in question, we need to divide the actual distance on land (4km) by the distance on the map (2cm). First, we need to convert 4 km to cm: 4 km = 4 x 10^3 m = 4 x 10^3 x 100 cm = 4 x 10^5 cm Now, we divide the actual distance on land (4 x 10^5 cm) by the distance on the map (2 cm): (4 x 10^5 cm) / (2 cm) = 2 x 10^5 So the scale of the map is 1 : 2 x 10^5, which is equivalent to 1:200,000.

Study the table given which shows the mean climatic conditions of station Q and answer the questions.

Detalles de la respuesta

The annual temperature range at station Q is calculated as the difference between the highest and the lowest temperature recorded in a year. The highest temperature recorded at the station in the given table is 19°C and the lowest temperature recorded is -11°C. Hence, the annual temperature range at the station Q is 19°C - (-11°C) = 30°C. So, the answer is 30°C.