JAMB UTME - Government - 2019

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As part of the Commissions set up for the review of the Nigerian federalism challenges, the Chick's commission was set up in 1953.

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The International Criminal Court (ICC) has its headquarters in The Hague, Netherlands. The Hague is a city in the western part of the Netherlands that is known for hosting many international courts and tribunals, including the ICC. The ICC is an international court that was established to investigate and prosecute individuals for the most serious crimes, such as genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. By having its headquarters in The Hague, the ICC is able to carry out its important work in an international and neutral setting.

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The duty of amending the United Nations Charter, the foundational document that established the United Nations, falls under the responsibility of the General Assembly. The General Assembly is the main deliberative body of the United Nations, where all member states have equal representation and participate in decision-making on important issues related to international peace and security, development, human rights, and more. Amending the Charter is a serious matter that requires a consensus among the member states, and the General Assembly plays a critical role in facilitating the process of proposing, debating, and adopting any changes to the Charter. Therefore, the General Assembly is the appropriate body to undertake this responsibility.

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Elitist is often used as a critique label, to describe a political party definitive of social class and rankings of top profiled politicians without much agenda for social justice.

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While declaration of war is the duty of the executive, the legislature approves or disapproves of it as embarking on war means and requires additional expenditure and budget scrutiny.

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A predominant feature of the precolonial governance system was that customary laws were prevalent. This means that the laws and rules were based on traditional customs and practices of the communities and were passed down from generation to generation. These customary laws played a significant role in shaping the way people lived and governed themselves. They were generally unwritten and shaped by the cultural, social and economic conditions of the time. The governance structures in these societies were usually based on these customary laws, and the leaders were chosen based on their ability to uphold them.

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In a democratic system, the people have the power to choose their leaders and the policies that govern them. This is typically done through free and fair elections, where each person gets one vote, and the candidate or policy with the most votes wins. This is known as majority vote. However, in a true democracy, it's also important to protect the rights of minorities and ensure that legal sovereignty is not unquestionable. This means that even if the majority of people support a certain policy or candidate, it cannot violate the fundamental rights of individuals or groups. The use of an electoral college is not always necessary in a democratic system, as it depends on the specific rules and processes of each country. Some countries use direct elections, where the person with the most votes wins, while others use a system of delegates or representatives to select their leaders. Finally, while the majority vote is the most common way of making decisions in a democratic system, it's also important to ensure that the rights and interests of minorities are not ignored. This can be achieved through various means, such as protecting individual rights, promoting dialogue and compromise, and creating systems of checks and balances to prevent the abuse of power.

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The Brussel Conference unlike the Berlin Conference was targeted at the reconsideration of the unjust virtues and vices occasioned by colonialism, thereby specifically seeking to eradicate slave trade and related activities.

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The sum total of all activities exerted by the majority with enthusiasm actively involving in all aspects of their political sphere is the best answer not only because is the all encompassing answer but also because popular political participation is the aggegration of all efforts of the citizens partaking delibrately and consciously in their governance affairs.

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trictly speaking, independence of the judiciary isn't restricted to the idea of non-interference by the legislature or executive or either of agencies on judicial decision making but particularly ensuring that all the gateways to the activities that may put the judiciary in a vulnerable state to the other arms of government must be shut down.

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The newspaper established by Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe to project the interest of nationalists was the West African Pilot. The West African Pilot was a newspaper founded in 1937 by Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, who later became the first President of Nigeria. The newspaper was established to promote the interests of Nigerian nationalists and to serve as a platform for the expression of their political views and aspirations. The West African Pilot quickly gained popularity and became one of the most influential newspapers in the region. It advocated for Nigerian independence, social justice, and African unity, and featured articles on various topics, including politics, economics, culture, and sports. The newspaper played a critical role in the Nigerian struggle for independence and provided a voice for many Nigerians who felt marginalized or oppressed by the colonial authorities. It also served as a forum for intellectual and cultural debates and helped to shape the identity and consciousness of Nigerians as a people. In summary, the West African Pilot was a newspaper established by Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe to advance the interests of Nigerian nationalists and to promote their vision of a free, just, and prosperous Nigeria. It was a significant force in the political, social, and cultural life of Nigeria and contributed to the emergence of a new generation of leaders and thinkers in the country.

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The All Progressives Congress (APC) is the result of a merger of four opposition parties in Nigeria. These parties are the All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP), the Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN), the Congress for Progressive Change (CPC), and a faction of the All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA). Therefore, the answer to the question is "United Progressive Grand Alliance (UPGA)" because UPGA is not one of the political parties that merged to form the APC. The APC was formed in 2013 as a response to the ruling People's Democratic Party (PDP) which had been in power since 1999. The merger was aimed at creating a formidable opposition to the PDP in the 2015 general elections, which the APC won, leading to the inauguration of President Muhammadu Buhari as the first opposition candidate to defeat a sitting president in Nigeria's history.

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Unlike the ethnic based philosophy, nature or outlook of the Action Group, Northern Peoples Congress in the First Republic, a multi-ethnic and all embracing political party is that with a Nation wide outlook

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The dwindling and market falls in oil prices are prime indicators for Nigeria's politico-economic consideration for diversification. This means that Nigeria is looking to move away from relying solely on oil as its main source of income and looking to develop other industries and sectors that can contribute to the country's economy. This is important because relying solely on oil can be risky, as the price of oil is often affected by global market forces and can fall suddenly, leading to economic instability. By diversifying its economy, Nigeria can reduce its dependence on oil and become more resilient to economic shocks.

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Under the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria, the Chief Law Officer is the Attorney-General and the Supreme Court Judge is the Chief Justice. The Attorney-General is responsible for giving legal advice to the government and representing the government in legal matters. The Chief Justice, on the other hand, is the head of the Supreme Court and presides over the court. The Chief Justice is responsible for ensuring that the judiciary operates effectively and efficiently and for interpreting the constitution.

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Unlike the position under the present 1999 Constitution as amended, each state was permitted to elect 5 senators into the House of Representatives.

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The Hakimi was the titled administrative officers in charge of the districts in the heterogeneous Hausa/Fulani Empire.

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The implication of the passage of a vote of no confidence is to demonstrate disapproval which will lead to the retirement of the entire cabinet and its head.

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The Murtala/Obasanjo 1976 Reform necessitated the discovery of the essence of a local government council and establishment.

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In a capitalist system, there is a clear differentiation gap between the ruling class and the ruled or the proletarates.

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Like the series of political office arrangements and portfolios in the Hausa/Fulani Empire i.e the Galadima, Waziri and the rest, deconcentration of power is obtainable unlike in devolution which Options B and D implicitly cover. Option A refers to Decentralization of powers.

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The term for the practice of dividing electoral districts in a way that gives an unfair advantage to a particular political party or group is called gerrymandering. This means that electoral boundaries are drawn in a way that makes it easier for one party to win more seats, even if they do not have more overall support from the voters. This can be done by grouping certain communities together, or by splitting up areas where certain groups tend to vote in a certain way. Gerrymandering is often considered a controversial practice, as it can undermine the democratic process and prevent fair representation of all citizens. The term delimitation is also related to the drawing of electoral boundaries, but it refers to the process of determining the geographic boundaries of electoral districts, without the implication of political manipulation.

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The membership of the Cabinet will be substituted or reshuffled especially there is dissolution of the cabinet in its entirely in a WestMinster system.

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A moral or legal conviction for the observance of the constitution may be described as "constitutionalism". Constitutionalism is the principle that a government's authority is derived from and limited by a country's constitution. It means that all individuals, including those in positions of power, are subject to the law and must adhere to the rules and principles outlined in the constitution. Constitutionalism helps to ensure that a government's power is not abused, and that the rights and freedoms of citizens are protected. It also provides a framework for the functioning of the government, its institutions, and its relationship with the people it governs.

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Aristotle is noted for having said "man by nature is a political animal". This means that according to Aristotle, human beings have a natural inclination towards living in communities and participating in political activities. He believed that humans are social animals and require the presence of others in order to fulfill their needs and desires, and that living in a political society is necessary for human beings to reach their full potential.

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Delegated Legislation is supported largely because certain specialist idea is needed for the purpose of rule making on areas upon which the legislature may not have sufficient knowledge and skill in. Example, the INEC is empowered to make election guidelines and regulations aside the Electoral Act and in furtherance of its duties.

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The current Secretary-General of the United Nations is Antonio Guterres. He took office on January 1, 2017, and his term is set to last until December 31, 2021. The Secretary-General of the United Nations is the head of the United Nations organization, which is made up of 193 member states. The Secretary-General is responsible for promoting peace, advocating for human rights, and working to address global problems like poverty, climate change, and disease. The Secretary-General is appointed by the General Assembly, with the recommendation of the Security Council, for a five-year term and can be re-appointed for a second five-year term. Antonio Guterres, a former Prime Minister of Portugal, has a long history of working on global issues, including serving as the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.

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Lobbying is often a strategy adopted by pressure groups. Pressure groups are organizations or individuals that seek to influence public policy and bring attention to a specific issue or cause. Lobbying is one of the key tactics used by pressure groups to achieve their goals. Lobbying involves communicating with government officials, legislators, and other decision-makers in order to try to persuade them to support or oppose a particular policy or issue. This can take many forms, including meetings, phone calls, emails, and written communications. While political parties may engage in lobbying, they are typically focused on broader political issues and electoral campaigns, rather than specific policy outcomes. Public corporations may also engage in lobbying, but their efforts are usually geared towards promoting their own interests, rather than advocating for a particular cause or issue. Public authorities, such as government agencies, may be the subject of lobbying efforts, but they typically do not engage in lobbying themselves. Overall, lobbying is most commonly associated with pressure groups, which use it as a key strategy to advance their policy goals and influence the decisions of government officials and other decision-makers.

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The area from which one or more members or representatives are elected to hold public office is called the electoral constituency. This means that the people who live in a particular geographical area, such as a neighborhood or region, get to vote for the person they want to represent them in government. This person can be elected to represent their constituency at the local, state, or national level, depending on the rules of the particular electoral system. The electoral constituency is an important part of the democratic process, as it allows individuals to have a say in who represents them and makes decisions on their behalf.

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The correct answer is the writ of mandamus. A writ of mandamus is a court order that requires a lower court or public corporation to perform its duties as required by law. The writ is used as a legal remedy when a government official or entity refuses to perform a duty that is required by law. This writ is often referred to as the "great writ" because of its power to force public officials to take action. In simple terms, a writ of mandamus is a way for a person to ask a higher court to make a lower court or public corporation do something that it is supposed to do, but is not doing. This helps to ensure that government officials and entities follow the law and perform their duties properly.

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The National Party of Nigeria (NPN) is popularly known for its Green Revolution agricultural project in the late 1978s.

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Political sovereignty is unlikely to necessitate the emergence of a federal system. A federal system is a form of government that divides power and authority between a central government and regional governments. This type of system is typically adopted when there is a need to accommodate regional differences and diverse interests within a country, while still maintaining a sense of national unity. Social factors, such as differences in language, religion, and ethnicity, can make it difficult to govern a diverse population without a federal system. Geographical factors, such as a large land area or natural barriers, can create regional differences that require different policies and regulations. Cultural diversity, such as different traditions, values, and customs, can lead to conflicts that can be better managed under a federal system. However, political sovereignty, or the ability of a government to exercise authority within its own borders without external interference, is not necessarily a factor that requires a federal system. A country with a strong central government and a relatively homogenous population may not need a federal system to maintain stability and unity. In fact, some countries with high levels of political sovereignty, such as China, have a centralized form of government rather than a federal one.

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The West African Students' Union (WASU) was formed in 1925. This was an organization created by students from different countries in West Africa who were studying in Britain. The main goal of the union was to advocate for the rights of West Africans and to promote their interests. It also aimed to foster unity among West African students studying in Britain and to create a sense of identity and belonging. The union was one of the first pan-African organizations to emerge and played an important role in the struggle for independence and self-determination in West Africa.

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Nigeria joined the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in 1971. OPEC is a group of countries that produce and export oil, and it was founded in 1960. Nigeria, which is a major oil-producing country, joined OPEC a few years after its independence from British colonial rule in 1960. As a member of OPEC, Nigeria participates in discussions and decisions that affect the global oil market, such as setting production levels and prices. Joining OPEC also provided Nigeria with a platform to strengthen its relationships with other oil-producing nations and to have a greater say in the management of the global oil industry.

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The functional essence of political parties is to ensure that eventually the interests, entitlements and aspirations of the are realised through the emergence of a responsible government.

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The cultural organization that metamorphosed into the Northern People's Congress (NPC) was the Jamiyyar Mutanen Arewa (JMA). Jamiyyar Mutanen Arewa, which means "Society of Northern Youths," was a cultural organization formed in 1946 by a group of young educated northerners who aimed to promote the interests of the people of the northern region of Nigeria. The organization became a political party, the Northern People's Congress (NPC), in 1951, with the objective of representing the political interests of the people of the northern region. The NPC went on to become a dominant political force in the northern region, and played a significant role in the politics of Nigeria in the 1950s and 1960s. The NPC was one of the three major political parties in Nigeria's First Republic, which lasted from 1960 to 1966.

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In the non-stratified society of the pre-colonial era, such as among the Igbo people, decisions were made by consensus. This means that members of the community would come together and discuss issues until they reached an agreement that everyone was comfortable with. This system of decision-making was based on the principles of equality and mutual respect, and everyone had a voice in the process. There were no formal leaders or rulers who made decisions on behalf of the people, and power was decentralized. Instead, decision-making was a collective responsibility, and every member of the community had a say in shaping their society.

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The Armed Forces Ruling Council (AFRC) is attributable to the military regime of Ibrahim Babangida in Nigeria. The AFRC was the highest decision-making body during Babangida's rule from 1985 to 1993, and it was made up of military officers who ruled the country by decree. The council was established after Babangida overthrew the previous military regime of Muhammadu Buhari, and it continued to wield significant power until Babangida's eventual resignation in 1993. Therefore, "Ibrahim Babangida's regime," is the correct answer.

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The National Council of Nigerian Citizens (NCNC) produced Nigeria's first Prime Minister, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa. NCNC was one of the main political parties in Nigeria during the country's independence movement in the mid-20th century. Balewa, who was a member of the NCNC, became Nigeria's first Prime Minister when the country gained independence from Britain in 1960.

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Popular or political sovereignty belongs to the people through which the government by the constitution obtains all its powers and authorities.