JAMB UTME - Christian Religious Studies - 2022

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In Paul's letter to the Romans, he writes that the person who loves their neighbor has fulfilled all of the law. This means that by showing love and kindness to others, they have met the requirements of the laws given to Moses and have lived a righteous life in the eyes of God. This is because the laws instruct people to love their neighbor as themselves, and so by doing so, they have lived up to the standards set forth in the law.

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Jesus addressed this statement to Martha, the sister of Lazarus, who had just died. He told her this to comfort and reassure her that her brother would rise again and that those who believe in Him will never truly die. He was trying to convey the message of eternal life through faith in Him.

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The prophecy about speaking in tongues is mentioned in the book of Joel in the Bible. In Joel 2:28, it is written "And it shall come to pass afterward, that I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh; your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, and your young men shall see visions." This verse is often understood as a prophecy about the outpouring of the Holy Spirit, which is believed by Christians to have happened on the day of Pentecost, as described in the book of Acts in the New Testament. On that day, the apostles and other followers of Jesus were filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other tongues, as a sign of God's power and presence among them. In this way, the book of Joel is seen as foretelling the events of Pentecost, and the speaking in tongues is understood as a fulfillment of the prophecy in Joel 2:28.

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The royal law according to the epistle of James is "loving one's neighbor as oneself". In James 2:8, it says "If you really keep the royal law found in Scripture, 'Love your neighbor as yourself,' you are doing right." In this context, the royal law refers to the law of love and it is considered to be the most important commandment. James emphasizes that following this law is essential for living a righteous life as a Christian.

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After the Israelites complained to Moses and Aaron, the Lord promised to feed them with bread in the morning. This bread was called manna, and it miraculously appeared every day on the ground around the Israelites' camp in the wilderness. The Israelites were instructed to collect only enough manna for each day, as any leftover manna would spoil by the next morning. Manna was the main source of food for the Israelites during their 40 years of wandering in the desert.

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Ezekiel was ordered to eat a scroll that was written on both sides and filled with words of lament and mourning and woe. This was a symbolic act that was meant to represent the message he was to deliver to the House of Israel, which was a message of judgment and warning about the coming destruction of Jerusalem.

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In Paul's arrangement of spiritual gifts, "Diversity of tongues" was the last item. This means that according to Paul's teachings in 1 Corinthians 12, speaking in tongues was considered a less important gift compared to others such as prophecy, teaching, and helping others. Paul believed that speaking in tongues was a gift that should be used sparingly and in the context of a worship service where interpretation was available. He emphasized that the purpose of all spiritual gifts was to build up the church and serve others, rather than to bring attention or glory to oneself. Overall, Paul's teachings on spiritual gifts emphasized the importance of unity and mutual dependence among believers, as each person's gift was necessary for the health and growth of the community as a whole.

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After his resurrection, Jesus first appeared to Mary Magdalene. According to the New Testament, Mary Magdalene went to the tomb where Jesus was buried and found it empty. As she was mourning, Jesus appeared to her and spoke with her. This was Jesus' first appearance after his resurrection, and Mary Magdalene became the first person to spread the news of Jesus' resurrection to the disciples.

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According to the Bible, Jesus told his disciples that they were not to take a bag, a wallet, or extra clothing when they went on their journeys to spread the message of the gospel. The only item they were allowed to take was a staff. This was to demonstrate their reliance on God and to show that they were not going on the journey to accumulate wealth or material possessions. The idea was to emphasize the simplicity and humility of their mission, and to trust in God to provide for their needs along the way.

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Before the disciples cast lots and chose Matthias to replace Judas Iscariot, the other candidate they considered was Joseph, also known as Barsabbas. In Acts 1:23-26 of the New Testament of the Bible, the disciples gathered together to choose a replacement for Judas Iscariot, who had betrayed Jesus and later died. Two men were nominated as candidates to fill the position, Joseph and Matthias. The disciples prayed for guidance and then cast lots to determine which one of the two should be chosen. The lot fell on Matthias, who was then numbered among the twelve apostles. Joseph, on the other hand, is not mentioned again in the Bible after this incident.

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The king was addressing Nehemiah. In the Bible, Nehemiah was a cupbearer to the King Artaxerxes of Persia. The king noticed that Nehemiah was sad and asked him why. Nehemiah explained that he was sad because of the condition of the city of Jerusalem and its people.

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The person who deceitfully took 150 pounds of silver in two bags and two changes of clothes against the wish of his master was Gehazi. Gehazi was the servant of the prophet Elisha in the Bible, and he took these items from Naaman, a commander of the Syrian army, who had been healed by Elisha. Even though Elisha refused to accept any gifts or payment from Naaman for the healing, Gehazi secretly went after Naaman and lied to him, saying that Elisha had changed his mind and now needed some of the items. Naaman believed Gehazi and gave him the silver and clothes, but when Gehazi returned to Elisha, he was exposed as a liar and punished for his greed.

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In the Bible, God's message to Nineveh was that He was going to overthrow them in forty days. This message was delivered by the prophet Jonah and was a warning for the people of Nineveh to repent and turn from their wicked ways. The number forty is often used in the Bible to represent a period of testing or judgment, and in this case, it was a time for the people of Nineveh to change their ways and seek forgiveness from God before it was too late. The message had a profound impact on the city, and the people of Nineveh repented, leading to God sparing them from destruction.

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The law books used for the great reformation of Israel's social and religious institution were found in the temple in 621 BC during the reign of Josiah. To explain further, Josiah was a king of Judah who ruled from 640-609 BC. In the course of repairing the temple in Jerusalem, the high priest Hilkiah discovered a book that was later identified as the Book of the Law, which contained the laws and commandments given by God to Moses. Josiah recognized the significance of the discovery and initiated a series of religious reforms based on the teachings in the book. This event is described in the Old Testament book of 2 Kings 22-23. Therefore, the correct answer is 621, Josiah.

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The statement "But I will be with you and you will smite the Midianites as one man..." was addressed by God to Gideon. Gideon was a judge in the Old Testament, and God had chosen him to lead the Israelites in battle against the Midianites, who had been oppressing them. Initially, Gideon was hesitant and doubted his ability to lead such a mission, but God assured him that He would be with him and help him to achieve victory. The phrase "you will smite the Midianites as one man" means that the Israelites would defeat the Midianites with a unified and coordinated effort, as if they were facing only one enemy. Ultimately, Gideon and his army were successful in defeating the Midianites with God's help.

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"Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God." This is a phrase from the Bible, specifically from the Sermon on the Mount in the book of Matthew. It is part of the Beatitudes, a list of blessings that Jesus proclaimed to the people. Being "pure in heart" means having a sincere and untainted heart, free from deceit and evil intentions. According to this blessing, those who are pure in heart will have the privilege of seeing God, which can be interpreted as experiencing a close and intimate relationship with God, or having a spiritual vision of God's presence and glory. In simple terms, this blessing tells us that if we strive to have a good and honest heart, we will be rewarded with a deeper connection to God.

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The death of Uriah is recorded in the Bible in 2 Samuel 11. Uriah was a loyal soldier in King David's army, and David had an affair with Uriah's wife, Bathsheba. When Bathsheba became pregnant, David tried to cover up his sin by bringing Uriah back from the front lines of battle and encouraging him to go home and spend time with his wife. But Uriah, a committed soldier, refused to enjoy the comforts of home while his comrades were still fighting. Desperate to cover up his adultery and the impending scandal, David ordered his general, Joab, to put Uriah in a position where he would be killed in battle. Joab carried out David's orders, and Uriah died in battle. So, the person responsible for the death of Uriah was King David, who gave the orders to have Uriah placed in harm's way, and his general, Joab, who carried out those orders.

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The men who said, "If it be so, our God whom we serve is able to deliver us from the burning fiery furnace," were Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, and they were thrown into the furnace by King Nebuchadnezzar. King Nebuchadnezzar had made a golden statue and commanded that everyone in his kingdom worship it. However, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, who were Jews, refused to worship the statue and remained faithful to their God. This angered the king, and he ordered that they be thrown into a fiery furnace as punishment. But the three men expressed their faith in God and said that they believed He would be able to save them from the furnace. Their faith was rewarded when God miraculously saved them from the fire, and they emerged unharmed.

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Jesus' prophecy of Peter's denial was made during the Last Supper. This was a meal that Jesus had with his disciples just before his crucifixion. At the meal, Jesus told Peter that he would deny knowing him three times before the rooster crowed the next day, which is exactly what happened.

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This statement, "Blessed is the King who comes in the name of the Lord! Peace in heaven and glory in the highest!" was made during the triumphant entry of Jesus into Jerusalem. This event is also known as Palm Sunday, which occurred during the last week of Jesus' life before his crucifixion. The people of Jerusalem greeted Jesus as he rode on a donkey, laying their cloaks and palm branches on the road before him and shouting "Hosanna to the Son of David! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord!" (Matthew 21:9). This event fulfilled the prophecy of Zechariah 9:9, which said that the king would come to Jerusalem riding on a donkey. The people of Jerusalem recognized Jesus as the Messiah and welcomed him with joy and celebration, but later in the week, many of these same people would turn against him and demand his crucifixion.

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According to Paul's Epistle to the Galatians, as long as an heir is a child, he is under guardians and trustees. This means that when a child is too young to take care of themselves and their inheritance, they need someone to look after them and manage their affairs on their behalf. These people are responsible for protecting the child's interests until they are old enough to do so themselves. In the same way, Paul uses this analogy to explain that before Christ came, people were like children who needed the law to guide and protect them. However, now that Christ has come, they no longer need the law as they have grown up and can live by faith. So, the guardians and trustees in the analogy represent the law, and the child represents the people who lived under it before Christ.

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The complaints of the Hellenists led to the appointment of the deacons in the early church. In the early days of Christianity, there were two groups of Jewish believers: the Hebraic Jews and the Hellenistic Jews. The Hebraic Jews spoke Aramaic and had a more traditional Jewish background, while the Hellenistic Jews spoke Greek and had been influenced by Greek culture. There were complaints from the Hellenistic Jews that their widows were being neglected in the daily distribution of food. This led to a dispute among the believers, which the apostles resolved by appointing seven men to serve as deacons. These deacons were responsible for ensuring that the needs of all believers were being met, including the Hellenistic widows. This event is recorded in the New Testament book of Acts, chapter 6, and it marks the beginning of the formal organization of the early Christian church. The appointment of the deacons was an important step in ensuring that all believers were cared for and that the church could grow and thrive.

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When Jonah passed the message "Forty more days and Nineveh will be overturned" to the people of Nineveh, they did not turn deaf ears. Instead, they believed Jonah's message and took it seriously. They declared a fast, put on sackcloth, and prayed to God for forgiveness. This humbling of themselves and turning to God is what saved the city from destruction.

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According to Paul, anyone who performs acts of mercy should do so with generosity and liberality. By "generosity," Paul means that people should give freely and generously without expecting anything in return. In other words, they should give because they want to help others, not because they want recognition or reward. By "liberality," Paul means that people should give with an open heart and a willingness to help others in need. This includes being willing to sacrifice their time, resources, and energy to help others. Overall, Paul is emphasizing the importance of performing acts of mercy with a genuine desire to help others, rather than simply going through the motions. His message is that acts of mercy are not just about what you do, but also about the attitude with which you do them.

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Hophni and Phinehas were the sons of Eli, who was a High Priest and Judge in ancient Israel. According to the Bible, Eli was a priest at the sanctuary of Shiloh and he served as a judge for Israel for 40 years. Hophni and Phinehas were priests under their father Eli, but they were known for their immoral behavior and lack of reverence for God, which ultimately led to their downfall.

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Moses and Elijah appeared to represent the law and the prophets at the Transfiguration of Jesus. Moses was a leader of the Israelites and is considered the author of the first five books of the Old Testament, which contain the laws and commandments given to the Israelites. Elijah was a prophet in the Old Testament who spoke for God and delivered messages to the people of Israel. Together, Moses and Elijah symbolize the law and the prophets, which were the two main forms of guidance and instruction for the Israelites in the Old Testament. This appearance at the Transfiguration showed that Jesus was the fulfillment of both the law and the prophets and was accepted by God as the promised savior.

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Those who keep all the laws but fail at one are guilty of all. This concept comes from the Bible, specifically James 2:10, which states: "For whoever keeps the whole law but fails in one point has become guilty of all of it." The idea behind this statement is that the law is a unified whole, and breaking any part of it is a violation of the entire law. It's not a matter of tallying up individual offenses and weighing them against good deeds, but rather acknowledging that even one transgression is enough to make someone a lawbreaker. This principle has implications for religious and ethical frameworks that emphasize the importance of living a virtuous life. It suggests that being "good" in most areas but falling short in others is not enough, and that true moral excellence requires consistent adherence to all principles and standards.

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The correct answer is Gomer. In the Bible, the prophet Hosea was instructed by God to marry a woman named Gomer, who later became unfaithful to him by committing adultery with other men. This was a symbol of Israel's unfaithfulness to God, as Hosea was commanded to love and forgive his wife despite her infidelity, just as God loves and forgives the Israelites despite their disobedience and idolatry. Therefore, Gomer represented Israel's unfaithfulness to God, just as she was unfaithful to her husband Hosea.

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The statement "The soul that sins shall die" is a prophecy made by the prophet Ezekiel. In the Old Testament of the Bible, specifically in Ezekiel 18:4, God tells Ezekiel to deliver a message to the people of Israel that emphasizes personal responsibility for one's own actions. The prophecy declares that if someone commits sin, they will face the consequences of their actions, including death. This message was intended to encourage the people of Israel to turn away from their sinful ways and live according to God's laws.

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Paul encouraged Philemon to receive Onesimus as a "brother." This means that Paul was asking Philemon to treat Onesimus not just as a slave, but as a fellow member of the Christian community and as a fellow believer in Christ. In other words, Paul was asking Philemon to show love and forgiveness to Onesimus and to see him as an equal in the eyes of God. This was a significant request at the time, as slavery was a widespread practice and slaves were often treated as property, rather than as human beings with dignity and worth. By asking Philemon to receive Onesimus as a "brother," Paul was challenging the cultural norms of the day and promoting a message of equality and love in the Christian community.

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The mountain where Moses saw the burning bush in the Bible is called Horeb. It is also known as Mount Sinai, which is the name most commonly used to refer to the mountain in the Bible. According to the Bible, Moses was tending his father-in-law's sheep on the mountain when he saw a bush that was on fire but was not being consumed by the flames. It was there that God spoke to Moses and told him to lead the Israelites out of Egypt and to the Promised Land.

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The first miracle attributed to Jesus in the gospel of John is turning water into wine. According to the story, Jesus was at a wedding in Cana, and when the wine ran out, his mother told him about the problem. Jesus then told the servants to fill six stone jars with water, and then he turned the water into wine. The wine was said to be of much better quality than the wine that had been served previously, and this event was seen as a sign of Jesus' power and the start of his ministry.

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Paul, a disciple of Jesus and an apostle, wrote letters to early Christian communities that are now part of the New Testament in the Bible. In one of his letters, he advised Christians to avoid associating with a brother who is "living in idleness". This means to avoid being close friends with someone who is lazy and not working to support themselves. Paul believed that it was important for each person to contribute to society and not be a burden on others. He encouraged Christians to live responsible and productive lives and to avoid those who do not follow this principle.

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Paul counseled the Corinthian Saints to resolve disputes among themselves with righteous judgment. This means that they should make decisions based on what is morally right and just, rather than simply trying to win an argument or gain an advantage. They should consider the feelings and perspectives of all parties involved, and strive to reach a fair and equitable resolution that upholds the principles of honesty, integrity, and compassion. This approach promotes unity, understanding, and mutual respect, and helps to build stronger and more harmonious relationships within the community. It also reflects the teachings of Jesus Christ, who taught his followers to love one another and to treat others as they would like to be treated.

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In Romans 10:8, the Apostle Paul was referring to the message of salvation through Jesus Christ. He was saying that the word of God, which is the message of salvation, is very close and accessible to us. It is not something that is far away or hard to understand, but it is something that we can easily access and comprehend. In fact, Paul was emphasizing that the word is so near that it is on our lips and in our hearts. This means that we can easily speak and believe the message of salvation, and it is not something that is beyond our reach. Overall, the message of salvation through Jesus Christ is what Paul was referring to as the word that is near us, on our lips and in our hearts.