JAMB UTME - Christian Religious Studies - 2022

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Paul, a disciple of Jesus and an apostle, wrote letters to early Christian communities that are now part of the New Testament in the Bible. In one of his letters, he advised Christians to avoid associating with a brother who is "living in idleness". This means to avoid being close friends with someone who is lazy and not working to support themselves. Paul believed that it was important for each person to contribute to society and not be a burden on others. He encouraged Christians to live responsible and productive lives and to avoid those who do not follow this principle.

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Paul encouraged Philemon to receive Onesimus as a "brother." This means that Paul was asking Philemon to treat Onesimus not just as a slave, but as a fellow member of the Christian community and as a fellow believer in Christ. In other words, Paul was asking Philemon to show love and forgiveness to Onesimus and to see him as an equal in the eyes of God. This was a significant request at the time, as slavery was a widespread practice and slaves were often treated as property, rather than as human beings with dignity and worth. By asking Philemon to receive Onesimus as a "brother," Paul was challenging the cultural norms of the day and promoting a message of equality and love in the Christian community.

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The first miracle attributed to Jesus in the gospel of John is turning water into wine. According to the story, Jesus was at a wedding in Cana, and when the wine ran out, his mother told him about the problem. Jesus then told the servants to fill six stone jars with water, and then he turned the water into wine. The wine was said to be of much better quality than the wine that had been served previously, and this event was seen as a sign of Jesus' power and the start of his ministry.

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The person who deceitfully took 150 pounds of silver in two bags and two changes of clothes against the wish of his master was Gehazi. Gehazi was the servant of the prophet Elisha in the Bible, and he took these items from Naaman, a commander of the Syrian army, who had been healed by Elisha. Even though Elisha refused to accept any gifts or payment from Naaman for the healing, Gehazi secretly went after Naaman and lied to him, saying that Elisha had changed his mind and now needed some of the items. Naaman believed Gehazi and gave him the silver and clothes, but when Gehazi returned to Elisha, he was exposed as a liar and punished for his greed.

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The reason why the Lord told Solomon his kingdom would be divided after his death was because he had married many foreign women who worshiped other gods. Solomon had allowed these wives to influence him and turn his heart away from God, causing him to follow their gods and worship idols. This angered the Lord and he warned Solomon that as a result, his kingdom would be taken away from his family and divided into two parts. Building the temple and killing Uriah were not directly related to this prophecy.

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The mountain where Moses saw the burning bush in the Bible is called Horeb. It is also known as Mount Sinai, which is the name most commonly used to refer to the mountain in the Bible. According to the Bible, Moses was tending his father-in-law's sheep on the mountain when he saw a bush that was on fire but was not being consumed by the flames. It was there that God spoke to Moses and told him to lead the Israelites out of Egypt and to the Promised Land.

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The sign of God's covenant with Abraham was circumcision. Circumcision was a physical symbol that represented a spiritual agreement between God and Abraham. It signified that Abraham and his descendants were set apart as God's chosen people and that they would be faithful to God and follow His commands. Circumcision was a way for God to mark His covenant with Abraham and to show that their relationship was permanent and unbreakable.

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The complaints of the Hellenists led to the appointment of the deacons in the early church. In the early days of Christianity, there were two groups of Jewish believers: the Hebraic Jews and the Hellenistic Jews. The Hebraic Jews spoke Aramaic and had a more traditional Jewish background, while the Hellenistic Jews spoke Greek and had been influenced by Greek culture. There were complaints from the Hellenistic Jews that their widows were being neglected in the daily distribution of food. This led to a dispute among the believers, which the apostles resolved by appointing seven men to serve as deacons. These deacons were responsible for ensuring that the needs of all believers were being met, including the Hellenistic widows. This event is recorded in the New Testament book of Acts, chapter 6, and it marks the beginning of the formal organization of the early Christian church. The appointment of the deacons was an important step in ensuring that all believers were cared for and that the church could grow and thrive.

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With Moses still at Mount Sinai, the Israelites asked Aaron to "produce another god for them". This event is recorded in the book of Exodus in the Old Testament of the Bible. The story goes that while Moses was on Mount Sinai receiving the Ten Commandments from God, the Israelites became anxious and restless. They turned to Aaron, Moses' brother and the high priest, and demanded that he make them a god to worship. Aaron, fearful of the people, complied with their request and instructed them to bring him their gold jewelry. He then melted the gold and fashioned it into the shape of a calf, which the Israelites began to worship and offer sacrifices to. When Moses returned from Mount Sinai and saw what the Israelites had done, he was filled with righteous anger and smashed the stone tablets containing the Ten Commandments. He then confronted Aaron about his role in the creation of the golden calf, and ordered that the idol be destroyed and those responsible for its creation be punished. The story of the golden calf is seen as a cautionary tale about the dangers of idolatry and the importance of remaining faithful to God's commandments. It is also a reminder that leaders have a responsibility to resist the pressures of the crowd and remain true to their values and beliefs. In summary, with Moses still at Mount Sinai, the Israelites asked Aaron to "produce another god for them" to worship, which he did by fashioning a golden calf out of their jewelry. The story serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of idolatry and the importance of remaining faithful to God's commandments.

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Hophni and Phinehas were the sons of Eli, who was a High Priest and Judge in ancient Israel. According to the Bible, Eli was a priest at the sanctuary of Shiloh and he served as a judge for Israel for 40 years. Hophni and Phinehas were priests under their father Eli, but they were known for their immoral behavior and lack of reverence for God, which ultimately led to their downfall.

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This statement was addressed to Abraham when he was 99 years old. The Bible says that God appeared to Abraham and changed his name from Abram to Abraham, and also changed his wife Sarai's name to Sarah. God also made a covenant with Abraham, promising to make him the father of many nations and to give him and his descendants the land of Canaan. As part of this covenant, God told Abraham to "walk before me, and be blameless." This meant that Abraham was to live a righteous and obedient life, setting an example for others to follow.

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The words "Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani?" as Jesus' words at the ninth hour are recorded in the accounts of Matthew and Mark. These words, which are often translated as "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?" are part of the account of the crucifixion of Jesus, as recorded in the New Testament of the Bible. According to Matthew and Mark, Jesus spoke these words on the cross at the ninth hour, just before he died. The other options - John and Matthew, Luke and Mark, and Luke and John - are combinations of two of the four gospel writers in the New Testament, but they do not specifically mention the words "Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani?" being recorded in their accounts. John, Luke, Matthew, and Mark are known as the four gospel writers, each of whom wrote a separate account of the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.

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The statement "But now that faith has come, we are no longer under a custodian..." was made by Paul in his letter to the Galatians. In this statement, Paul is referring to the Old Testament law, which he calls a "custodian" or "tutor" that was in place until the coming of Jesus Christ. Paul's argument in the letter to the Galatians is that faith in Jesus Christ is the way to be justified or made right with God, rather than following the works of the law. He is explaining that the law served as a temporary guide or guardian to point people toward Christ, but now that Christ has come and faith in Him is available, the law is no longer needed as a custodian. In simpler terms, Paul is saying that following the Old Testament law was a temporary measure to guide people towards faith in Christ. But now that Christ has come, we no longer need to rely on the law as a guide or guardian, because faith in Christ is enough to justify us before God.

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The son being referred to in this passage is John the Baptist. This statement comes from the Gospel of Luke in the New Testament, where the angel Gabriel appears to Zechariah, a Jewish priest, and tells him that his wife Elizabeth, who was previously unable to conceive, will bear a son. This son is to be named John and is said to be a prophet who will prepare the way for the Lord, referring to Jesus. Therefore, this statement is a prophecy about the birth of John the Baptist, who played an important role in preparing the way for the ministry of Jesus.

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In Romans 10:8, the Apostle Paul was referring to the message of salvation through Jesus Christ. He was saying that the word of God, which is the message of salvation, is very close and accessible to us. It is not something that is far away or hard to understand, but it is something that we can easily access and comprehend. In fact, Paul was emphasizing that the word is so near that it is on our lips and in our hearts. This means that we can easily speak and believe the message of salvation, and it is not something that is beyond our reach. Overall, the message of salvation through Jesus Christ is what Paul was referring to as the word that is near us, on our lips and in our hearts.

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The men who said, "If it be so, our God whom we serve is able to deliver us from the burning fiery furnace," were Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, and they were thrown into the furnace by King Nebuchadnezzar. King Nebuchadnezzar had made a golden statue and commanded that everyone in his kingdom worship it. However, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, who were Jews, refused to worship the statue and remained faithful to their God. This angered the king, and he ordered that they be thrown into a fiery furnace as punishment. But the three men expressed their faith in God and said that they believed He would be able to save them from the furnace. Their faith was rewarded when God miraculously saved them from the fire, and they emerged unharmed.

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The statement "The soul that sins shall die" is a prophecy made by the prophet Ezekiel. In the Old Testament of the Bible, specifically in Ezekiel 18:4, God tells Ezekiel to deliver a message to the people of Israel that emphasizes personal responsibility for one's own actions. The prophecy declares that if someone commits sin, they will face the consequences of their actions, including death. This message was intended to encourage the people of Israel to turn away from their sinful ways and live according to God's laws.

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The law books used for the great reformation of Israel's social and religious institution were found in the temple in 621 BC during the reign of Josiah. To explain further, Josiah was a king of Judah who ruled from 640-609 BC. In the course of repairing the temple in Jerusalem, the high priest Hilkiah discovered a book that was later identified as the Book of the Law, which contained the laws and commandments given by God to Moses. Josiah recognized the significance of the discovery and initiated a series of religious reforms based on the teachings in the book. This event is described in the Old Testament book of 2 Kings 22-23. Therefore, the correct answer is 621, Josiah.

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The first place the disciples were called Christians was in Antioch. Antioch was a city in ancient Syria and was one of the earliest centers of Christianity. According to the New Testament, the followers of Jesus were first called "Christians" in Antioch by non-believers. This name stuck and has been used to refer to followers of Jesus ever since.

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Before the disciples cast lots and chose Matthias to replace Judas Iscariot, the other candidate they considered was Joseph, also known as Barsabbas. In Acts 1:23-26 of the New Testament of the Bible, the disciples gathered together to choose a replacement for Judas Iscariot, who had betrayed Jesus and later died. Two men were nominated as candidates to fill the position, Joseph and Matthias. The disciples prayed for guidance and then cast lots to determine which one of the two should be chosen. The lot fell on Matthias, who was then numbered among the twelve apostles. Joseph, on the other hand, is not mentioned again in the Bible after this incident.

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The answer is Darius. Daniel was a prophet in the Bible who lived during the Babylonian captivity. He was known for his wisdom and ability to interpret dreams. However, some of the other officials in the king's court were jealous of him and plotted against him. They convinced King Darius to pass a law that forbid anyone from praying to any god or man except for the king himself. Despite the new law, Daniel continued to pray to God as he had always done. When the officials found out, they reported him to the king. Even though Darius liked Daniel, he was forced to enforce the law he had signed. As punishment for breaking the law, Daniel was thrown into a den of lions. However, God protected Daniel and he was unharmed by the lions. The next morning, Darius rushed to the lion's den to see if Daniel was still alive. To his relief, Daniel emerged from the den unharmed. This experience led Darius to proclaim that the God of Daniel was the one true God, and he passed a new law allowing people to worship Him.

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Joseph of Arimathea had Christ's body placed in his own tomb. After Jesus was crucified, Joseph of Arimathea, who was a wealthy and influential member of the Jewish council, went to Pilate to request permission to take Jesus' body and give it a proper burial. Pilate agreed, and Joseph, along with Nicodemus, took Jesus' body down from the cross, wrapped it in linen, and placed it in a tomb that Joseph had recently had cut out of the rock for his own use. This tomb was located in a garden near the site of the crucifixion.

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The person who accompanied Paul on his First Missionary journey was Barnabas. Barnabas was a close friend of Paul and a fellow Christian missionary. According to the book of Acts in the Bible, Barnabas played a significant role in helping Paul establish churches and spread the message of Christianity throughout the Roman Empire. Barnabas and Paul traveled together to several different cities, including Antioch, Iconium, Lystra, and Derbe. They faced many challenges and opposition during their journey, but they continued to preach the gospel and convert many people to Christianity. In summary, Barnabas was Paul's companion on his First Missionary journey, and together they worked tirelessly to spread the word of God and establish Christian communities throughout the ancient world.

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The statement "Hear now, you rebels' shall we bring forth water for you out of this rock?" was made by Moses to the Israelites. Moses was a prophet and leader in the Hebrew Bible who led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt and towards the Promised Land. In this particular situation, the Israelites were in the desert and they were complaining about not having enough water. Moses, with the help of God, struck a rock and water came out of it, providing the Israelites with the water they needed. This event was seen as a miracle and a demonstration of Moses' leadership and God's power.

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According to Paul's Epistle to the Galatians, as long as an heir is a child, he is under guardians and trustees. This means that when a child is too young to take care of themselves and their inheritance, they need someone to look after them and manage their affairs on their behalf. These people are responsible for protecting the child's interests until they are old enough to do so themselves. In the same way, Paul uses this analogy to explain that before Christ came, people were like children who needed the law to guide and protect them. However, now that Christ has come, they no longer need the law as they have grown up and can live by faith. So, the guardians and trustees in the analogy represent the law, and the child represents the people who lived under it before Christ.

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King Saul disobeyed God by not completely destroying the Amalekites as God commanded him to do. Instead, he spared their king, Agag, and kept some of their livestock as spoils of war. This disobedience angered God and led to Samuel the prophet announcing that God had rejected Saul as king.

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Jesus addressed this statement to Martha, the sister of Lazarus, who had just died. He told her this to comfort and reassure her that her brother would rise again and that those who believe in Him will never truly die. He was trying to convey the message of eternal life through faith in Him.

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Joshua, a biblical figure and leader of the Israelites, was buried at Timnath-serah, which was in the hill country of the Tribe of Ephraim.

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The missing word in the phrase is "righteousness." This phrase is a quotation from the Book of Amos in the Old Testament of the Bible. In this passage, the prophet Amos is calling for justice and righteousness to be established in society, so that all people can be treated fairly and with equity. The metaphor of water is used to convey the idea that justice and righteousness should flow continuously and abundantly, like the waters of a river or a stream. It should not be a mere trickle or a temporary solution, but rather a constant and overwhelming force that cleanses and purifies society. Thus, the phrase "Let justice roll down like waters and righteousness like an overflowing stream" is a powerful call to action for people to work towards creating a more just and equitable society, where everyone is treated with fairness and dignity.

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Peter, James, and John were with Jesus during the transfiguration. According to the Bible, these three disciples were chosen by Jesus to accompany him up a mountain where he was transfigured before them, appearing with shining clothes and speaking with Moses and Elijah. This event is described in the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke.

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In Paul's arrangement of spiritual gifts, "Diversity of tongues" was the last item. This means that according to Paul's teachings in 1 Corinthians 12, speaking in tongues was considered a less important gift compared to others such as prophecy, teaching, and helping others. Paul believed that speaking in tongues was a gift that should be used sparingly and in the context of a worship service where interpretation was available. He emphasized that the purpose of all spiritual gifts was to build up the church and serve others, rather than to bring attention or glory to oneself. Overall, Paul's teachings on spiritual gifts emphasized the importance of unity and mutual dependence among believers, as each person's gift was necessary for the health and growth of the community as a whole.

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Moses and Elijah appeared to represent the law and the prophets at the Transfiguration of Jesus. Moses was a leader of the Israelites and is considered the author of the first five books of the Old Testament, which contain the laws and commandments given to the Israelites. Elijah was a prophet in the Old Testament who spoke for God and delivered messages to the people of Israel. Together, Moses and Elijah symbolize the law and the prophets, which were the two main forms of guidance and instruction for the Israelites in the Old Testament. This appearance at the Transfiguration showed that Jesus was the fulfillment of both the law and the prophets and was accepted by God as the promised savior.

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The correct answer is "Thessalonians." In Paul's letter to the Thessalonians, he wrote about the end of the world and the coming of Jesus Christ to gather his followers. Paul explained that everyone, both the living and the dead, will share in Christ's Resurrection at the time of his Second Coming. This means that those who have already died and those who are still alive will all come back to life and be with Jesus forever. This event is a central belief in Christianity and is seen as a time of judgment and reward for people's actions during their lives.

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The laws given by Moses to the children of Israel in Sinai have striking similarities with the Code of Hammurabi. The Code of Hammurabi is a set of ancient Babylonian laws created by King Hammurabi around 1754 BCE. These laws were inscribed on a large stele and included regulations for criminal and civil matters, as well as rules for commerce, property, and family law. Many of the laws given by Moses in Sinai, which are recorded in the Hebrew Bible, show striking similarities to the Code of Hammurabi. For example, both sets of laws include rules for restitution, compensation, and punishment for crimes such as theft, murder, and false witness. Additionally, both the Code of Hammurabi and the laws given by Moses contain provisions for protecting the rights of women, children, and slaves. They also both reflect the cultural values and beliefs of their respective societies. Overall, while there are some differences between the two legal codes, the similarities suggest that the laws given by Moses may have been influenced by earlier legal traditions, such as the Code of Hammurabi.

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The royal law according to the epistle of James is "loving one's neighbor as oneself". In James 2:8, it says "If you really keep the royal law found in Scripture, 'Love your neighbor as yourself,' you are doing right." In this context, the royal law refers to the law of love and it is considered to be the most important commandment. James emphasizes that following this law is essential for living a righteous life as a Christian.