JAMB UTME - Physical Education - 2022

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The aspect concerned with the development of the muscles of the legs, arms and abdomen is Physical. This refers to the body's ability to function efficiently and effectively in work and leisure activities, to be healthy, to resist disease, and to cope with stress. Physical fitness involves the development of the body's muscles, bones, and cardiovascular system through activities such as exercise, sports, and other physical activities.

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The body responsible for organizing athletic competitions in Nigeria is the AFN, which stands for the Athletics Federation of Nigeria. The AFN is the national governing body for athletics in Nigeria and is responsible for promoting and developing the sport of athletics in the country. The AFN oversees the organization of various athletic competitions at the national, regional, and international levels, including the National Sports Festival and the All-Nigeria Championships. The AFN also coordinates the selection and training of Nigerian athletes for international competitions, such as the Olympics and the World Championships.

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Drawing is not a scope of physical education. Physical education is a field that focuses on developing and improving an individual's physical fitness, motor skills, and overall health through various forms of exercise and physical activity. Athletics, coaching, and dancing are all related to physical activity and are included within the scope of physical education. Athletics involves sports and activities that require physical strength, speed, and endurance, such as running, jumping, and throwing. Coaching is the act of training individuals in specific sports or physical activities to improve their performance. Dancing involves movement and physical activity that can contribute to an individual's overall fitness and coordination. However, drawing is not related to physical activity or exercise, and therefore it is not considered a scope of physical education.

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A non-locomotor movement refers to a type of movement that doesn't involve changing one's location in space. It is a movement that is performed while staying in one place. Out of the options given, "Bending" is the non-locomotor movement. Bending involves flexing or curving a part of the body, such as bending forward at the waist or bending the knees. It is a movement that can be performed without changing one's position or location. On the other hand, "Crawling," "Jumping," and "Running" are all examples of locomotor movements. Crawling involves moving on hands and knees, changing one's position from one place to another. Jumping involves propelling oneself off the ground and moving through the air to reach a higher position. Running involves moving quickly on foot, typically covering a distance. Therefore, among the given options, "Bending" is the non-locomotor movement because it can be performed without changing one's location.

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A relay team consists of 4 athletes. In a relay race, multiple athletes work together as a team to complete the race. Each member of the team runs a specific distance, usually equal, and then passes a baton to the next teammate. The race continues in this manner until all team members have completed their respective portions of the race. Traditionally, a relay team consists of four athletes. Each runner is responsible for running a designated portion of the total race distance. The first runner starts the race and runs their segment, then passes the baton to the second runner, who continues the race. This process repeats until the fourth and final runner completes their segment and crosses the finish line. Having four team members in a relay race allows for an equal distribution of effort and ensures smooth baton exchanges. It also adds an element of strategy and coordination as the team aims to maximize speed and efficiency during each handoff. Therefore, in a standard relay race, a team consists of four athletes.

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Flexibility can be defined as the ability to move easily in different directions. Flexibility refers to the range of motion that a joint or a group of joints can move through. The more flexible a person is, the more they can move their joints in different directions without experiencing pain or discomfort. This ability is important for various physical activities such as sports, dance, and even daily activities like reaching for objects on high shelves or bending down to tie shoelaces. While regular exercise and maintaining a healthy weight can contribute to flexibility, it is primarily a result of stretching and working on improving joint mobility.

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The elongated start is mostly used by tall athletes. In various sports, including sprinting and track events, athletes adopt different starting techniques to optimize their performance. The elongated start refers to a starting position where the athlete extends their body horizontally along the ground, with one leg extended forward and the other leg positioned back. Tall athletes tend to have longer limbs, which can be advantageous in the elongated start position. Their longer legs allow for a greater stride length, providing them with the potential to cover more ground with each step. The elongated start allows tall athletes to fully utilize their leg length and generate powerful forward propulsion when the race begins. On the other hand, athletes who are fat, huge, or short may not benefit as much from the elongated start. Fat or huge athletes may find it challenging to maintain the extended position due to the extra weight or bulk. Short athletes may have shorter leg length, limiting the advantage of the elongated start technique. While there can be exceptions and variations in individual abilities and techniques, tall athletes often find the elongated start more suitable for their physical attributes, allowing them to maximize their speed and performance in sprinting and track events.

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Physical fitness is mostly associated with the ability to overcome stress.

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The glide is a skill used in the shot put throw. Shot put is a track and field event where athletes compete to throw a heavy spherical object called a shot as far as possible. The glide is a technique employed by shot put throwers to generate momentum and power in their throw. In the glide technique, the athlete starts at the rear of the throwing circle with their back facing the direction of the throw. They take a series of specific steps, known as the glide steps, while shifting their weight from one leg to the other in a smooth and controlled manner. This helps build momentum and prepare for the final explosive movement. Once the athlete reaches the front of the circle, they execute a powerful rotational movement, pushing off the ground with their back foot and propelling their body forward. The shot is released at the optimal moment when the body is in a fully extended position, generating maximum force and distance. The glide technique allows the shot put thrower to effectively transfer their body's momentum into the shot, enabling greater distances in the throw. It requires a combination of balance, coordination, strength, and technique to execute it effectively. Therefore, the glide is a skill specifically used in the shot put throw, a track and field event where athletes aim to throw a heavy shot as far as possible using this technique.

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This is known as squash.

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Grouping of people into body types is known as somatotype. Somatotype is a system used to categorize individuals based on their body shape and composition. It is commonly used in sports science, physical anthropology, and nutrition studies. The somatotype classification system typically categorizes individuals into three main body types: endomorphs, mesomorphs, and ectomorphs. These body types are determined by certain physical characteristics such as bone structure, muscle development, and fat distribution. Endomorphs are characterized by a higher percentage of body fat and a rounder, softer appearance. Mesomorphs are generally more muscular and have a more athletic build. Ectomorphs, on the other hand, tend to be leaner with less body fat and a thinner frame. Somatotyping can provide insights into an individual's natural predispositions and tendencies regarding body shape, metabolism, and athletic potential. However, it is important to note that somatotype is just one aspect of an individual's overall physique and does not solely determine their abilities or limitations in sports or other activities.

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Dance is not used to prolong good health in ancient times

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The game of football is solely controlled by the referee. The referee is the person who oversees the game and ensures that the rules are followed by all players and officials. The referee has the final say on decisions such as fouls, goals, and penalties, and can also issue warnings, cautions, or send players off the field for misconduct. The assistant referees are there to assist the referee in making decisions, such as determining whether the ball has gone out of play or whether an offside has occurred. The coach and commentator are not directly involved in controlling the game, but may provide analysis and guidance from the sidelines or in the commentary box. Ultimately, it is the referee who has the ultimate authority in the game of football.

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A long distance walk on foot is described as hiking. Hiking is a form of outdoor physical activity that involves walking long distances on foot, usually on trails or in natural settings such as mountains, forests, or parks. It is a low-impact exercise that provides numerous health benefits such as improving cardiovascular health, strengthening muscles and bones, and reducing stress. Hiking can be done alone or in groups and can range from short day trips to multi-day backpacking expeditions.

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The branch of physical education that is not included in the following options is Cosmetology. Cosmetology refers to the study and application of beauty treatments, which is not related to physical education. On the other hand, Aquatics, Games and Sports, and Health are three important branches of physical education. Aquatics involves activities in water, such as swimming and diving. Games and Sports include both individual and team sports, such as basketball, soccer, and athletics. Health focuses on promoting physical well-being and preventing illnesses through physical activity, healthy nutrition, and other lifestyle choices.

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Blocking is the best technique for receiving a service in the game of volley ball.

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Illness is not a cause of postural defects.

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A goal is scored by handball only when the ball crosses the goal line in-between the upright and crossbar. In handball, a goal is scored when the entire ball crosses the goal line and enters the goal. The goal line refers to the line on the ground between the two goalposts, and the crossbar is the horizontal bar that connects the two uprights. If the ball goes out of play by the side line or goal line, hits any of the crossbar of the upright and bounces back, or is to be thrown from the 9 meters mark of the court, no goal is awarded.

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When an athlete beats the gun twice in a track event, it means that they start running before the sound of the gun goes off, indicating the official start of the race. This is not allowed in track events because it gives the athlete an unfair advantage over others who wait for the proper signal. In such a situation, the athlete is disqualified. This means they are removed from the race and their performance is not considered valid. Disqualification is a consequence of breaking the rules of fair competition. The athlete does not get another chance or trial because they have already violated the rules twice. They are not placed on the last lane as a penalty, nor are they suspended. The main consequence is their disqualification from the race.

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An injury resulting from the forceful twisting of a joint is called a sprain. A sprain occurs when the ligaments, which are the tough bands of tissue that connect bones to each other at a joint, are stretched or torn. This can happen when a joint is forced beyond its normal range of motion, such as during a sudden twist or turn. Commonly affected joints include ankles, wrists, and knees. Symptoms of a sprain may include pain, swelling, bruising, and difficulty moving the joint. Treatment typically involves rest, ice, compression, and elevation of the affected joint, along with pain medication and physical therapy. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair torn ligaments.

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Insufficient warm-up activities may result in strain. Warm-up activities are essential before any physical activity as they help prepare the body for the upcoming demands. When warm-up activities are skipped or not enough, the body is not properly prepared for the physical activity, which may lead to muscle strain. Strain is an injury that happens when muscles are overworked or stretched beyond their limit, leading to muscle tear or damage. This can cause pain, soreness, and in severe cases, may require medical attention to heal. Therefore, it is important to engage in sufficient warm-up activities before any physical activity to reduce the risk of strain and other injuries.

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Atilogwu is a traditional dance. It is a cultural dance that originated from the Igbo people in Nigeria. The dance is performed by men and women wearing traditional attires and involves acrobatic and energetic movements to the rhythm of drums and other musical instruments. Therefore, option Atilogwu is the correct answer. The other options - Gospel, High life, and Jazz - are music genres and not traditional dances.

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The function of sports on modern day society that is not listed in the options is "Helps to reduce inflation". Sports can have various positive impacts on society such as promoting physical and mental health, enhancing social skills, fostering cultural exchange, and promoting national unity. Sports can also be used for economic and political purposes, as well as reducing tensions between individuals and communities. However, it is not directly related to reducing inflation, which is a macroeconomic phenomenon influenced by factors such as money supply and consumer demand.

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The start, pacing, and finishing are the three phases of sprinting. Sprinting is a short distance race, and it requires proper techniques to achieve maximum speed in a short time. The start phase is the beginning of the race, where the athlete tries to achieve maximum acceleration from a stationary position. The pacing phase is the middle part of the race, where the athlete tries to maintain the achieved speed. The finishing phase is the last part of the race, where the athlete tries to reach the finish line as fast as possible.

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The values derived from swimming include entertainment, recreational activities, safety, and social aspects. However, safety is not directly derived from swimming itself but rather an important consideration associated with swimming. Swimming is often enjoyed as a form of entertainment, whether it's watching competitive swimming events or participating in swimming-related activities for fun and enjoyment. Recreational swimming provides individuals with a chance to engage in physical exercise, relax, and have fun in the water. Safety is a crucial aspect associated with swimming. It involves following proper swimming techniques, knowing how to swim safely, and being aware of water safety rules and precautions to prevent accidents and drowning. While swimming itself may not directly generate safety, ensuring safety is an essential part of engaging in swimming activities. Lastly, swimming can have social benefits. It can be a social activity where people come together to swim, interact, and enjoy each other's company. Swimming pools, beaches, and water parks often serve as venues for social gatherings and recreational activities. In summary, swimming provides entertainment, recreational opportunities, and social interactions. While safety is not a value directly derived from swimming, it is a crucial consideration to ensure the well-being of individuals engaging in swimming activities.

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Ill-health is not a cause of human trafficking. Human trafficking is the illegal trade of human beings, typically for the purposes of forced labor, sexual exploitation, or both. The main causes of human trafficking include poverty, broken homes, and ignorance. When people are desperate for money or basic necessities, they may be lured into false job offers or promised a better life elsewhere, only to be trafficked against their will. Broken homes, where families are struggling or non-existent, can also leave individuals vulnerable to traffickers who offer them false hope or promise to take care of them. Ignorance or lack of awareness about the dangers of human trafficking can also make individuals more susceptible to being trafficked. While ill-health is a serious problem, it is not a direct cause of human trafficking. However, individuals who are already vulnerable due to poor health may be more at risk of being trafficked if they are unable to care for themselves or access the resources they need to survive.

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A physically fit person is not necessarily a tall and fat person

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The physical fitness component that is necessary for a high jumper is "flexibility". High jump requires the athlete to be able to bend and stretch their body in order to clear the bar successfully. A high level of flexibility allows the athlete to achieve the necessary body positions during the jump, such as the "Fosbury Flop" technique, which requires the athlete to arch their back and rotate their hips while clearing the bar. Without sufficient flexibility, the athlete may struggle to achieve the correct body positions and may not be able to jump as high.

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The benefits that can be derived from female participation in sports include the development of a high sense of utility, the development of self-confidence, and promoting social adjustments. However, one benefit that is not associated with female participation in sports is promoting juvenile delinquency. Participating in sports provides various advantages for individuals, including females. It helps them develop a high sense of utility by allowing them to recognize and appreciate the value and usefulness of their abilities and skills. Through sports, females can gain a sense of achievement, personal growth, and fulfillment. Engaging in sports also contributes to the development of self-confidence in females. By setting goals, working hard, and improving their performance, they can build confidence in their abilities both on and off the sports field. This enhanced self-confidence can positively impact other areas of their lives, such as academics, relationships, and career pursuits. Sports also promote social adjustments among females. Participation in team sports or group activities fosters social interaction, cooperation, and teamwork. It provides opportunities to develop friendships, learn effective communication, and develop interpersonal skills. Through sports, females can develop a sense of belonging and connection with others, leading to improved social relationships and overall well-being. However, promoting juvenile delinquency is not a benefit associated with female participation in sports. On the contrary, sports involvement often serves as a positive outlet for energy and emotions, reducing the likelihood of engaging in delinquent behaviors. Sports teach discipline, responsibility, and goal-setting, which help females make positive choices and avoid engaging in delinquent activities. In summary, female participation in sports offers several benefits, including the development of a high sense of utility, self-confidence, and promoting social adjustments. However, it does not promote juvenile delinquency; rather, it serves as a positive influence and helps females lead healthy, productive lives.

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Triple jump is a track and field event that involves three consecutive jumps. The athlete begins by running down the track, then performs a hop, followed by a step, and finally a jump into a sandpit. The order of the three jumps must be maintained throughout the event and the distance of the final jump is measured to determine the winner. Therefore, the option that best describes triple jump is "hop, step and jump".

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Skills like freestyle and back crawl are associated with swimming. Freestyle is a swimming stroke where the swimmer is on their stomach and uses alternating arm movements and kicking to propel themselves through the water, while the back crawl is a stroke where the swimmer is on their back and uses a flutter kick and alternating arm movements to move through the water. These are both fundamental strokes in competitive swimming.

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The standard measurement of a hockey pitch is 91.44 meters by 54.86 meters. Hockey is played on a rectangular field, which is commonly referred to as a pitch. The pitch is marked with lines, and the dimensions of the pitch are measured in meters. The length of a hockey pitch is 91.44 meters, which is roughly equivalent to 100 yards or 300 feet. The width of a hockey pitch is 54.86 meters, which is roughly equivalent to 60 yards or 180 feet. The pitch is divided into two halves, and each half has a circle at each end called the "D" or the shooting circle. These circles have a radius of 14.63 meters. Therefore, the answer to the question is "91.44, 54.86 meters."

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The measuring tape could be useful in a javelin throw to determine how far the javelin has travelled after a throw.

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Religion is not a criterion for the selection of warm up exercises.

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Health knowledge cannot be acquired through family planning. 

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In a volley game, a team is typically allowed to hit the ball three times only. Volleyball is a team sport where two teams compete to score points by hitting a ball over a net and landing it within the opposing team's court. Each team has three contacts or hits available to them before the ball must be sent back over the net. These contacts are commonly known as "bumps," "sets," and "spikes." The first contact is usually a bump, where a player uses their forearms to receive a serve or a hit from the opposing team. The second contact is often a set, where a player uses their fingertips to direct the ball toward a teammate for a possible attack. Finally, the third contact is typically a spike, where a player jumps and forcefully hits the ball over the net into the opponent's court. Once the team has used all three contacts, they must send the ball over the net to the other team. If a team hits the ball more than three times or fails to send it over the net within three contacts, it results in a violation called a "four hits" or "multiple hits" and the opposing team is awarded a point. Therefore, in a volley game, a team is generally allowed to hit the ball three times before sending it back to the other team, following the basic rule of volleyball.

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Gowns are not a recommended sportswear option. When engaging in sports or physical activities, it is important to wear clothing that allows for ease of movement, comfort, and proper ventilation. Gowns, typically long and flowing garments, are not suitable for sports activities as they can restrict movement and potentially pose safety hazards. Sports clothing like shorts and track suits are designed specifically for physical activities. Shorts provide freedom of movement for the legs, allowing athletes to run, jump, and perform various movements comfortably. Track suits are made of lightweight, breathable materials that help regulate body temperature during exercise. On the other hand, gowns are more appropriate for formal or ceremonial occasions rather than sports. They are typically loose-fitting and may interfere with movement, making them impractical and potentially unsafe for physical activities. Choosing the right sportswear is important for performance, comfort, and safety. It is recommended to opt for clothing specifically designed for sports activities that provide flexibility, support, and breathability to enhance the overall sporting experience.

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A sports journalist is a sports writer who reports on and analyzes sports and games. Sports journalism is a branch of journalism that focuses specifically on covering sports-related news and events. A sports journalist is an individual who specializes in gathering information, conducting interviews, and writing articles or producing media content related to sports. The role of a sports journalist is to provide coverage and analysis of various sports activities, including competitions, matches, tournaments, and other related events. They attend sporting events, interview athletes, coaches, and officials, and then write articles or create media content that informs and engages the audience. Sports journalists report on the latest developments in sports, such as game results, player performances, team strategies, and any significant events or incidents occurring in the sporting world. They often provide analysis and commentary to help the audience understand the nuances of the game and the performance of the athletes involved. Their work may be published in newspapers, magazines, or online platforms, and they may also contribute to radio or television broadcasts dedicated to sports coverage. Sports journalists play a crucial role in keeping fans, enthusiasts, and the general public informed about the world of sports. Therefore, a sports journalist is a professional who specializes in reporting, analyzing, and providing information about sports and games through various media channels.

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The component of physical fitness that is not listed among the given options is "stability." The components of physical fitness are the various aspects of physical health that contribute to overall fitness and well-being. These components include agility, balance, endurance, muscular strength, and flexibility. Agility refers to the ability to move quickly and change direction with ease. Balance refers to the ability to maintain a stable body position. Endurance refers to the ability to sustain physical activity for an extended period of time. Muscular strength refers to the ability of muscles to exert force against resistance. Flexibility refers to the ability of joints to move through their full range of motion. Stability, on the other hand, is not typically considered a component of physical fitness. However, it can be important for certain activities or sports that require a high level of balance and control, such as gymnastics or martial arts.

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The question is asking to identify the objective of physical education that is not related to development. The options given are emotional, mental, motor skills, and philosophical development. The correct answer would be philosophical development because it refers to the study of fundamental nature and existence, and it is not directly related to physical development or fitness. The other objectives, such as emotional, mental, and motor skills development, are directly related to physical education because they are all aspects of physical fitness and development.