JAMB UTME - Computer Studies - 2022

When does the output of a NAND gate =1?

Bayanin Amsa

The output of a NAND gate is equal to 1 only when one input is 0. The NAND gate is called a "NOT-AND" gate because it outputs the opposite of what an AND gate would output for the same inputs. In other words, if an AND gate would output 1 for a certain set of inputs, a NAND gate would output 0, and vice versa.

What differs a system software from application software?

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System software and application software are two broad categories of computer software, each with different functions and purposes. System software is a collection of programs that control and manage the basic operations of a computer system. It is designed to provide a platform for other software applications to run on. System software includes operating systems, device drivers, utilities, and other tools that enable the computer to operate and perform its functions. On the other hand, application software refers to programs that are designed to perform specific tasks or applications for the user. These programs are used for word processing, spreadsheets, photo editing, web browsing, and other specialized tasks. Application software is often created by third-party developers and can be installed and used by end-users. The main difference between system software and application software is the purpose they serve. System software is responsible for managing the hardware and providing a platform for other software to run on, while application software is designed to perform specific tasks for the user. Other differences between system software and application software include: - Ability to multi-task: System software is designed to manage and allocate system resources, while application software is designed to perform specific tasks. Therefore, system software has more multitasking capabilities than application software. - Minimal in terms of space: System software is usually larger in terms of size and requires more storage space than application software. - Presence of cache memory: System software may use cache memory to improve the performance of the computer system, while application software does not typically use cache memory. - Unique programs installed by the creators to help run the computer: System software includes programs that are installed by the computer manufacturer or operating system developer to help run the computer, such as device drivers and system utilities. Application software does not include these types of programs.

The hexadecimal digits are 0-9 and A-_____

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The correct answer is "F." In the hexadecimal number system, there are 16 possible digits that can be used to represent a value. Since we only have 10 Arabic numerals (0-9) to work with, we need to use letters to represent the remaining six digits. In hexadecimal notation, after 9 comes A, followed by B, C, D, E, and finally F. So the complete set of hexadecimal digits are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F. Therefore, the correct answer is F.

A 2-input gate that can be used to pass a digital waveform unchanged at certain times and inverted at other times is ___________

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The 2-input gate that can be used to pass a digital waveform unchanged at certain times and inverted at other times is the XOR (exclusive OR) gate. An XOR gate has two input signals and one output signal. The output is HIGH (1) if the two input signals are different, and LOW (0) if the two input signals are the same. In other words, an XOR gate produces an output signal that is the "exclusive or" of its two input signals. When one of the input signals is held at a constant logic level (either HIGH or LOW), the XOR gate can be used to pass the other input signal unchanged or inverted, depending on the value of the constant signal. If the constant signal is HIGH, the output signal will be inverted; if the constant signal is LOW, the output signal will be unchanged. This property of the XOR gate makes it useful in digital electronics for a variety of applications, such as data encryption, error detection and correction, and clock synchronization.

_______ is the process of finding errors and fixing them within a program.

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The process of finding errors and fixing them within a program is called debugging. When a program is being developed, it may contain errors, also known as bugs, that prevent it from functioning properly. Debugging is the process of identifying and fixing these errors. Debugging can involve a number of techniques, such as analyzing error messages, reviewing code, and stepping through the program line by line to find where errors occur. Once an error is identified, the programmer can make changes to the code to correct the issue. Compiling is the process of translating source code into machine code, which can then be executed. Execution is the process of running a program. Scanning, in the context of programming, typically refers to the process of analyzing code for security vulnerabilities rather than identifying and fixing errors. In summary, debugging is the process of identifying and fixing errors in a program, whereas compiling, executing, and scanning are different processes that serve different purposes in the development and operation of a program.

Which of the below-mentioned reasons do not satisfy the reason why people create a computer virus?

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The reason "protection" does not satisfy why people create a computer virus. This is because a computer virus is not created to protect a system or its data, but rather to cause harm to it by spreading and infecting other systems. Creating a virus goes against the goal of protecting a computer system, and instead puts it at risk.

Total types of data that can be read by document reader are

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Document readers are devices or software programs that can analyze and interpret written or printed text on a document. These devices can read different types of data from documents such as marks, handwritten and printed characters, and printed lines. Marks can include things like checkmarks or ticks that people might use to indicate a selection on a form or questionnaire. Handwritten characters are any letters, numbers or symbols that are written by hand, whereas printed characters are those that are produced by a printer. Printed lines refer to the lines of text that are printed on a page. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above" as document readers can read all of these types of data from documents.

Computer applications are example of ___________

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Computer applications are an example of software. Software refers to the programs, data, and instructions that tell a computer what to do and how to do it. Computer applications are specific types of software that are designed to perform particular tasks or solve particular problems. Examples of computer applications include web browsers, word processors, email clients, and games. Computer applications are different from computer hardware, which refers to the physical components of a computer, such as the processor, memory, and storage devices. Computer utilities and program packages are different types of software that can be used to manage and maintain a computer system, but they are not the same as computer applications, which are designed for specific tasks and are often used by end-users. In summary, computer applications are a type of software, which refers to the programs, data, and instructions that tell a computer what to do and how to do it. Computer applications are designed to perform specific tasks or solve specific problems, and examples include web browsers, word processors, email clients, and games.

A logic circuit performs ________ functions

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A logic circuit performs "processing and controlling" functions. A logic circuit is an electronic circuit that performs a specific logical operation, which is based on the principles of Boolean algebra. It takes one or more digital inputs and produces a digital output based on a set of rules, known as a truth table. The primary function of a logic circuit is to process and control the input signals to produce a desired output signal. In other words, it performs logical operations on the input signals to generate the desired output signal. This makes it a processing and controlling device. For example, a logic circuit can be used to perform a simple logic function, such as a logical AND operation, which takes two input signals and produces an output signal that is true only when both input signals are true. This output signal can then be used to control the behavior of another device or system. In summary, logic circuits are used in a wide variety of electronic devices, such as computers, calculators, and mobile phones, to process and control digital signals, which makes them an essential component of digital technology.

What is a computer file.

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A computer file is a place on a computer where information is stored in a package. A file can contain many different types of information, including text, images, audio, video, and executable programs. The information in a file is organized in a specific format, and the file can be opened and edited using appropriate software. For example, a text file contains plain text, while a Word document file contains formatted text and other elements like images and tables. A file is often saved with a specific name and extension that identifies the type of file and the type of information it contains. The extension is the part of the file name that comes after the dot, such as ".txt" for a plain text file or ".docx" for a Microsoft Word document file.

Applications on a screen are displayed by __________

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Applications on a screen are displayed by icons. An icon is a small graphical representation of a program or file. It serves as a visual shortcut to launch the program or open the file. When you tap or click on the icon, the associated application or file opens. Icons are usually displayed on the home screen or app drawer, which are part of the graphical user interface of a device. The home screen is the main screen where you can see all your apps and shortcuts, while the app drawer is a menu that contains all the apps installed on your device.

The Internet is an example of which computer network?

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The Internet is an example of a wide area network (WAN). A WAN is a type of computer network that covers a large geographical area, such as a city, a country, or even the entire world. The Internet is a global network of interconnected computers, servers, and other devices that communicate with each other using standardized communication protocols. It allows users to access and exchange information and resources, such as email, websites, and online services, from anywhere in the world. WANs are typically composed of multiple smaller networks, such as local area networks (LANs) and metropolitan area networks (MANs), connected together using high-speed communication links, such as satellite, cable, or telephone lines. The Internet is an example of a WAN because it spans multiple countries and continents, connecting millions of devices and users in a single network.

Which part of a laptop serves the same function as a mouse?

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The touchpad of a laptop serves the same function as a mouse. A touchpad is a flat surface on the laptop that you can slide your finger on to move the cursor on the screen. Just like a mouse, you can use the touchpad to select, click, and scroll. It provides an alternative to using a traditional mouse for navigation on the laptop.

Destruction of files for malicious reasons such as access by fraudulent people is classified as being

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Destruction of files for malicious reasons, such as access by fraudulent people, is classified as "unauthorized access". This means that someone who is not authorized to access the files has gained access to them, and has intentionally damaged or deleted the files. This type of access is illegal and is a violation of the owner's rights to the information stored in the files.

The function of an assembler is to _________

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The function of an assembler is to convert assembly language to machine language. Assembly language is a low-level programming language that is used to program computers and microprocessors. It consists of a series of instructions and operations that are written in human-readable text, and the assembler converts these instructions into machine code that the computer can understand and execute. The machine code is a series of binary digits (0s and 1s) that represent the instructions and operations in a form that the computer can process. In this way, the assembler acts as a bridge between the human-readable assembly language and the machine-readable machine code, allowing programmers to write code in a form that is easier for them to understand and debug, while still allowing the computer to execute the code efficiently.

Microsoft word serves the purpose of ________

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Microsoft Word serves the purpose of creating documents, which can be anything from simple letters or memos to complex reports, resumes, or even books. It provides a user-friendly platform for users to write, edit, format, and style text, as well as insert images, tables, and other elements to enhance the document's appearance and functionality. Microsoft Word is a popular word processing software used in a wide range of industries, including education, business, and personal use. It allows users to save their documents on their computer or in the cloud, making it easy to access, edit, and share their work from anywhere. Overall, Microsoft Word is a powerful tool for anyone who needs to create or manage written content.

What does a linker program do?

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A linker program is a software tool that links different parts of a computer program together. Think of a computer program as a puzzle with many pieces. The linker takes all those pieces and puts them together to make the complete program. The linker performs tasks such as combining object files, resolving symbol references, and creating the final executable file. The linker program takes care of the following tasks: 1. Linking the program with other programs needed for its execution. For example, if a program uses a library like the C standard library, the linker will link the program with that library so that the program can use its functions. 2. Relocating the program to execute from a specific memory area allocated to it. This means that the linker will place the program in a specific area of the computer's memory so that it can be executed. 3. Interfacing the program with the entities generating its input data. This means that the linker will make sure that the program can receive data from other parts of the system, such as user input or data from a file. In summary, the linker program is responsible for putting all the pieces of a computer program together so that it can be executed correctly.

Java is a ______ language

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Java is a high-level programming language. This means that it is designed to be easy to read and write for humans, and provides a higher level of abstraction from the hardware than lower-level languages. High-level languages like Java typically have built-in libraries and features that allow developers to write code more efficiently and focus on solving problems rather than worrying about low-level details like memory management or machine architecture. Additionally, high-level languages are typically platform-independent, which means that Java code can be compiled and run on different operating systems without needing to be rewritten.

________ is the process of dividing the disk into tracks and sectors

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The process of dividing a disk into tracks and sectors is called "formatting". Formatting prepares a new disk for use by creating a file system that can store and organize data. Tracks are circular paths on the disk, and sectors are small sections within each track. By dividing the disk into tracks and sectors, formatting allows the operating system to efficiently read and write data to the disk. Think of it like drawing lines on a blank piece of paper to create a grid. The grid allows you to organize your content and write in an orderly manner. Similarly, formatting divides the disk into a grid-like structure that the computer can use to organize and store data.

Which key deletes text?

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The key that deletes text is the backspace key. When you type, the characters you enter are added to the right of the cursor, which shows you where the next character will be inserted. If you want to delete a character, you can move the cursor to the left of that character using the arrow keys, and then press the backspace key. This will remove the character to the left of the cursor. You can also use the backspace key to delete a selection of text. To do this, you first need to highlight the text you want to delete by clicking and dragging the cursor over it. Once the text is highlighted, you can press the backspace key to delete it. In summary, the backspace key is used to delete characters to the left of the cursor or to delete a selected portion of text.

The set of rules that defines the combination of symbols that are considered to be correctly structured statements or expressions in that language is called _________

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The set of rules that defines the combination of symbols that are considered to be correctly structured statements or expressions in a language is called Syntax. Think of syntax as the grammar of a language. Just like in English, there are certain rules that dictate what combinations of words and punctuation are considered to be a proper sentence, in programming languages there are rules that dictate what combinations of symbols and syntax are considered to be a proper statement or expression. The syntax of a language determines how code should be written in order for it to be properly understood by the computer and executed as intended.

How many types of booting are there?

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There are essentially two types of booting: 1. Cold booting: This is the process of starting a computer from a powered-off state. This is typically done by pressing the power button on the computer. A cold boot starts the computer's hardware and boot loader, which then loads the operating system into memory. 2. Warm booting: This is the process of restarting a computer that is already powered on. This is typically done by pressing the reset button or by using the operating system's restart feature. A warm boot reloads the operating system from memory, bypassing the boot loader and hardware initialization. It's important to note that these are the two most basic and widely used types of booting, but there could be other variations or advanced booting procedures used in certain scenarios.

At least how many keys is a keyboard made up of?

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A keyboard is usually made up of around 101 to 105 keys, depending on the type and model of the keyboard. The most common keyboard layout is called the QWERTY layout, which includes letters, numbers, and various symbols and functions. The number of keys can vary based on the size of the keyboard and additional features, such as multimedia buttons or a numeric keypad. Overall, the number of keys on a keyboard can range from a basic 101-key layout to a more advanced 105-key layout with additional buttons.

What is the full form of CU?

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The term "CU" can have different meanings depending on the context. Here are some possibilities: 1. Compound Unit: This term does not have a widely recognized meaning in the field of computing or technology in general. However, "compound" can refer to something that is made up of multiple parts, so in some cases, "CU" could be used to refer to a unit that is composed of several components. 2. Communication Unit: In some contexts, "CU" may refer to a Communication Unit. This could be a device or module that is responsible for handling communication between different components or systems, such as transmitting data between a computer and a peripheral device like a printer or scanner. 3. Computer Unit: "CU" could also refer to a Computer Unit, which may be a standalone computer or a component within a larger computer system. In this case, "CU" would generally refer to the main processing unit that is responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations. 4. Control Unit: In the context of computer architecture, "CU" most commonly stands for Control Unit. The Control Unit is a component within the CPU (Central Processing Unit) of a computer that is responsible for coordinating the flow of data between different parts of the CPU and executing instructions. The Control Unit is sometimes referred to as the "brain" of the CPU, as it is responsible for coordinating and directing the operations of the computer. So, to answer the question of what the full form of "CU" is, we would need to know the specific context in which the term is being used.

The delete permission allows one to ____________

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The delete permission allows someone to remove or delete files and directories. This means that if a user has the delete permission, they can get rid of files and folders that they have access to, and these files and folders will no longer be available on the system. This permission is typically used to allow users to clean up or manage their own files and directories, but it can also be used by system administrators to control access and prevent unwanted modifications or deletions.

What is the primary purpose of Microsoft Excel?

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Microsoft Excel is primarily used to solve problems involving numbers. It is a spreadsheet program that allows you to organize, analyze and perform calculations on data. You can use Excel to create tables, charts and graphs to visually represent your data and make it easier to understand. It is commonly used for tasks such as budgeting, tracking expenses, and managing project timelines. The program also has many built-in functions that can help you perform complex calculations and analysis with ease. So, the main purpose of Microsoft Excel is to help you work with numbers and make sense of data.

The acronym from DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM is ________________

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The acronym for DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM is DBMS, which stands for "Database Management System". A database is an organized collection of data that can be stored, accessed, and managed easily. However, managing large amounts of data can be complicated, which is where a Database Management System comes in. A DBMS is a software system that allows users to create, modify, and manipulate databases. It provides tools to organize and store data efficiently, as well as tools to retrieve and analyze that data. In summary, DBMS is an abbreviation for Database Management System, a software system used to manage and organize data efficiently.

Which type of network is usually contained inside one office building?

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The type of network that is usually contained inside one office building is called a Local Area Network or LAN. A LAN is a computer network that connects devices within a relatively small area, such as a single building, office, or campus. It is designed to allow computers and other devices to communicate with each other and share resources, such as printers, files, and internet access. LANs are typically owned and operated by a single organization, such as a business or government agency, and are often built using Ethernet cables or Wi-Fi technology. LANs are used to facilitate communication and data sharing between employees within an office building or other confined area, and are often more secure than other types of networks because they are not connected to the internet. In summary, a LAN is the type of network that you would most commonly find inside one office building.

What is the shortcut key to "undo" last action on a Microsoft word page?

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The shortcut key to "undo" the last action on a Microsoft Word page is "Ctrl + Z". When you perform an action on a Word page, such as typing, deleting, formatting or copying text, you can undo that action by using the "Ctrl + Z" keyboard shortcut. This will revert the page to the state it was in before the action was performed. For example, if you accidentally delete a sentence, you can press "Ctrl + Z" to undo the deletion and restore the sentence. The "Ctrl + Z" shortcut is a very useful and commonly used feature in Microsoft Word as it allows you to quickly correct mistakes without having to manually undo each action. It can be used multiple times to undo several actions in a row. If you want to redo an action that was previously undone, you can use the "Ctrl + Y" keyboard shortcut. In summary, the "Ctrl + Z" keyboard shortcut is used to undo the last action performed on a Microsoft Word page, allowing you to easily correct mistakes and restore the previous state of the page.

Typically, an ATM is used for

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An ATM, or Automated Teller Machine, is typically used for withdrawing cash. It is a machine that allows customers of a financial institution to perform financial transactions, such as withdrawing cash, checking their account balance, or depositing money, without the need to visit a bank branch. ATMs are widely available and can be found in many public places such as shopping centers, airports, and gas stations. They provide customers with convenient access to their money 24 hours a day, seven days a week.

Which of the following software can't be categorized as an application software?

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MS-DOS cannot be categorized as an application software. MS-DOS is an operating system, not an application. An operating system is the underlying software that manages and controls the hardware and software resources of a computer. An application software, on the other hand, is a program designed to perform a specific task, such as word processing, spreadsheets, or database management.

Computer softwares like ios, Ubuntu, Chrome OS, are classified as ___________

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Computer softwares like iOS, Ubuntu, Chrome OS are classified as operating systems, also known as system software. An operating system is a type of software that acts as the backbone of a computer, managing its resources and allowing other software to run on it. It controls the hardware, such as the CPU, memory, and storage, and provides a platform for other software to run on. This includes basic functions like managing files, running applications, and providing access to the internet. In short, the operating system is what makes a computer work and provides a foundation for other software to run on.

The joystick typically have a button on _________ used to select the option pointed by the cursor.

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The joystick typically has a button on top, used to select the option pointed by the cursor. A joystick is an input device that allows a user to control the movement of a cursor on a screen or to interact with a virtual environment or game. The joystick typically has a stick or lever that can be moved in different directions to control the movement of the cursor. The button on the top of the joystick is used to select the option that the cursor is pointing to on the screen. This button is commonly referred to as the "trigger" button, and it allows the user to perform actions such as selecting a menu option, firing a weapon in a game, or interacting with objects in a virtual environment. Overall, the joystick and its trigger button provide a simple and intuitive way for users to interact with software and games, making them a popular input device for a wide range of applications.

Which program translates programs to a simpler language that the computer can execute.

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The program that translates programs to a simpler language that the computer can execute is called a compiler. A compiler is a program that takes the source code of a program written in a high-level programming language and translates it into machine code or executable code that the computer can understand and execute. The process of compiling involves several steps, including lexical analysis, syntax analysis, semantic analysis, code optimization, and code generation. When a programmer writes a program in a high-level programming language such as Java or Python, the code is not directly executable by the computer. Instead, the code must be translated into machine code, which is a low-level language that the computer can understand and execute. This is where the compiler comes in. The compiler takes the source code written in the high-level programming language and converts it into machine code that can be executed by the computer. The advantage of using a compiler is that the resulting executable code is usually faster and more efficient than code interpreted by an interpreter, which we will discuss next. Additionally, since the code is already translated into machine code, it can be executed multiple times without the need for further translation, making it faster to execute. Overall, a compiler is a program that translates high-level programming code into machine code that a computer can execute, allowing programmers to write code in a more human-readable language and then have it translated into a language that the computer can understand and execute.

Computers are used majorly at offices for ____________

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Computers are commonly used in offices for a variety of tasks, but some of the major purposes include: 1. Creating and editing documents: Computers are used to create and edit documents such as letters, reports, presentations, and spreadsheets. This is because computers offer a range of software applications that allow users to create and edit documents easily and quickly. 2. Communication: Computers are used to communicate with other employees, clients, and customers through email, video conferencing, and instant messaging. 3. Data management: Computers are used to store and manage data such as customer information, financial records, and inventory lists. This is because computers offer software that allows users to organize and track data efficiently. 4. Accounting: Computers are used for accounting purposes such as bookkeeping, payroll, and invoicing. This is because computers offer specialized software that allows users to manage financial data accurately and quickly. 5. Security: Computers are also used for security purposes such as monitoring and controlling access to sensitive data and systems. This is because computers offer software and hardware tools that can be used to safeguard against unauthorized access and cyber threats. Overall, computers have become an essential tool in the modern office environment, enabling employees to work more efficiently, communicate more effectively, and manage data and information more securely.

The Caps key on a keyboard is used to___________

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The Caps key on a keyboard is used to switch between upper and lower case letters. When you press the Caps key, it changes the letter case of the letters you type from lowercase to uppercase or vice versa. This means that if you type with the Caps key on, all the letters you type will appear in uppercase. Similarly, if you type with the Caps key off, all the letters you type will appear in lowercase. This feature is particularly useful when you want to emphasize certain words or phrases, such as in titles or headings. It can also be used to make your text easier to read by adding some variety to the letter case. For example, when typing a password or other sensitive information, you may want to use a combination of upper and lower case letters to make it more secure. In summary, the Caps key is used to switch between uppercase and lowercase letters in order to make text easier to read, emphasize words, or add security to sensitive information.

For what does WAN stand?

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WAN stands for Wide Area Network. A network is a collection of devices (like computers, printers, and servers) that are connected together to communicate and share resources. A WAN is a type of network that covers a large geographic area, such as a city, a country, or even the whole world. Unlike a Local Area Network (LAN), which is limited to a small area like a home or office building, a WAN connects devices over a larger distance using a variety of technologies such as telephone lines, fiber optic cables, and satellite links. WANs are used by organizations to connect their different offices and branches in different locations, and to provide access to the internet or cloud-based services. For example, a company with offices in New York and London might use a WAN to connect the two locations and allow employees to share data and resources.

he rules that govern the structure of a command or programming language is called

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The rules that govern the structure of a command or programming language is called Syntax. Syntax determines the proper order and format of the elements that make up a command or program, such as keywords, variables, and operators. These rules must be followed precisely to create a functioning program. Syntax errors occur when these rules are not followed, and the program will not execute properly. So, in summary, Syntax is a set of rules that define the correct structure and formatting of a command or programming language.

The combination of the arithmetic and logic units, as well as the ______________ unit makes up the central processing unit.

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The combination of the arithmetic and logic units, as well as the control unit makes up the central processing unit (CPU). A CPU is the "brain" of a computer. It is responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations. The arithmetic and logic units (ALU) are the parts of the CPU that perform mathematical operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, as well as logical operations, such as AND, OR, and NOT. The control unit is responsible for controlling the flow of data and instructions within the CPU and between the CPU and other parts of the computer, such as memory and input/output devices. It fetches instructions from memory, decodes them to determine what operation to perform, and then directs the ALU to perform the operation. In summary, the combination of the ALU and control unit makes up the CPU, which is responsible for processing data and instructions and performing calculations in a computer.

Which of these application packages is mostly used by computer users?

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Out of the options given, Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Word are the two most commonly used application packages by computer users. Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet application that allows users to create, edit, and analyze numerical data in a structured manner. It is widely used by businesses and individuals for tasks such as financial analysis, budgeting, data management, and statistical analysis. Microsoft Word, on the other hand, is a word processing application used for creating and editing text-based documents. It is used for a wide range of purposes, such as writing reports, letters, resumes, and academic papers. While CorelDraw is a graphic design software used for creating vector graphics and Ms Access is a database management system used for storing, managing and retrieving data, they are not as commonly used as Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Word in day-to-day computer usage.