JAMB UTME - Computer Studies - 2022

What type of errors occurs when the program is asked to implement an impossible task such as dividing a number by zero?

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Dividing a number by zero is an impossible mathematical operation, which leads to a type of error called an "Arithmetic error". When a program encounters such an operation, it is unable to perform the calculation, and it generates an error message to indicate the issue. Arithmetic errors are a type of runtime error because they occur during the execution of the program, rather than during the compilation or writing of the code (syntax errors). Logical errors are different from arithmetic errors because they occur when the program's logic is flawed, leading to incorrect results. So, in summary, dividing by zero results in an arithmetic error because it is a mathematical impossibility that cannot be computed.

Which key deletes text?

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The key that deletes text is the backspace key. When you type, the characters you enter are added to the right of the cursor, which shows you where the next character will be inserted. If you want to delete a character, you can move the cursor to the left of that character using the arrow keys, and then press the backspace key. This will remove the character to the left of the cursor. You can also use the backspace key to delete a selection of text. To do this, you first need to highlight the text you want to delete by clicking and dragging the cursor over it. Once the text is highlighted, you can press the backspace key to delete it. In summary, the backspace key is used to delete characters to the left of the cursor or to delete a selected portion of text.

What is the full form of TCP?

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The full form of TCP is Transmission Control Protocol. TCP is a communication protocol that is used to send and receive data over the internet. It is one of the main protocols in the Internet Protocol Suite (commonly referred to as TCP/IP), which is the set of rules and standards that govern how data is transmitted on the internet. TCP provides a reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of data between applications running on different devices. It breaks down the data into small packets, and each packet is numbered and tracked to ensure that it arrives at its destination in the correct order and without errors. If a packet is lost or damaged during transmission, TCP detects the error and retransmits the missing or damaged packet. TCP is widely used for sending and receiving data between web servers and web browsers, and for many other applications that require reliable and error-free data transmission over the internet.

In the files, if order of operation on two or more files are similar, then operation will be

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If the order of operation on two or more files is similar, then the operation will be sequential. Sequential operation means that the files will be processed one after the other in the same order as specified. For example, if we have two files A and B, and we want to perform the operations 'read', 'process', and 'write' on them in the order A->B, then the program will first read file A, process it, write the result, then move on to file B, read it, process it, and write the result. On the other hand, if the order of operation is not similar, the operation may be more complex or combinational. In that case, the files may be processed in a different order or simultaneously, which may require more complex programming logic. Therefore, having a similar order of operation on multiple files simplifies the programming and makes it more straightforward.

The arrow displayed on the screen of a computer is called

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The arrow displayed on the screen of a computer is called a "Cursor". The cursor is a graphical representation of the position where text or data can be inserted or edited on the computer screen. It is typically displayed as a blinking vertical line, a block or a underline depending on the type of application or software being used. The cursor can be moved around the screen using the computer mouse, touchpad, or keyboard keys. When the cursor is moved, the text or data following it also moves accordingly. The term "pointer" can also refer to the arrow displayed on the screen, but it is a more general term that can refer to any graphical element used to indicate a position or selection on the screen. The term "indicator" is less commonly used and generally refers to a specific type of visual cue used to provide information to the user.

Which of the following is an example of software

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An example of software is Operating Systems. Software is a set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. It is a type of computer program that is designed to perform specific tasks on a computer or other electronic device. Operating systems are a type of software that controls the basic functions of a computer, such as managing its memory and processing power, and providing a platform for other software to run on. A Joystick, Keyboard, and Mouse are examples of hardware, which are physical devices that are used to input information into a computer or other electronic device.

Which program translates programs to a simpler language that the computer can execute.

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The program that translates programs to a simpler language that the computer can execute is called a compiler. A compiler is a program that takes the source code of a program written in a high-level programming language and translates it into machine code or executable code that the computer can understand and execute. The process of compiling involves several steps, including lexical analysis, syntax analysis, semantic analysis, code optimization, and code generation. When a programmer writes a program in a high-level programming language such as Java or Python, the code is not directly executable by the computer. Instead, the code must be translated into machine code, which is a low-level language that the computer can understand and execute. This is where the compiler comes in. The compiler takes the source code written in the high-level programming language and converts it into machine code that can be executed by the computer. The advantage of using a compiler is that the resulting executable code is usually faster and more efficient than code interpreted by an interpreter, which we will discuss next. Additionally, since the code is already translated into machine code, it can be executed multiple times without the need for further translation, making it faster to execute. Overall, a compiler is a program that translates high-level programming code into machine code that a computer can execute, allowing programmers to write code in a more human-readable language and then have it translated into a language that the computer can understand and execute.

Which of these is not a job of the operating system

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The job of the operating system that is not listed among the options is "Handling HTTP requests for Web pages." The operating system is the most important software that runs on a computer, providing an interface between the user and the computer hardware. It performs various functions to ensure that the computer system operates smoothly and efficiently. One of the key jobs of the operating system is to manage the computer's resources, such as allocating memory to programs that are running on the computer. The operating system is responsible for managing the computer's memory, ensuring that each program has enough memory to run efficiently, and preventing one program from using another program's memory. Another important job of the operating system is to provide security by preventing unauthorised access to files and data on the computer. It controls access to the computer's resources and ensures that only authorised users have access to the files and data that belong to them. However, handling HTTP requests for web pages is not a job of the operating system. Instead, this task is handled by web servers that run on top of the operating system. Web servers receive requests from clients, such as web browsers, and serve web pages to them over the internet. In summary, while the operating system performs many important tasks, such as managing resources and providing security, handling HTTP requests for web pages is not one of its jobs.

In general, a file is basically a collection of all related______.

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In general, a file is basically a collection of all related "records". A record is a collection of related data items that are grouped together and treated as a single unit. For example, in a student record file, each record may contain data related to a single student, such as their name, ID number, and grades. Each record may consist of several "fields", which are individual pieces of data that are related to the record. For example, in a student record, a field might be the student's name, another field might be their date of birth, and another field might be their address. So, in summary, a file is a collection of related records, and each record contains multiple fields that are related to the record.

System software has which major function?

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System software has the major function of controlling and managing the computer system. It is a type of software that acts as an intermediary between the computer hardware and the user applications. System software is responsible for coordinating the activities and sharing of resources of the computer hardware, such as the central processing unit (CPU), memory, and storage. It also provides basic services for other software, such as file management, security, and memory management. Examples of system software include operating systems, device drivers, and utility programs. The primary goal of system software is to provide an environment for the smooth and efficient operation of the computer and its components.

What is the function of firewall?

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A firewall is a type of cybersecurity tool that helps protect a computer or network from unauthorized access or malicious activity from the internet. Think of a firewall as a security guard that stands at the entrance to your network, examining all incoming and outgoing traffic. It examines each packet of data to see if it meets certain criteria, such as the source and destination of the data, and the type of data being transmitted. If the packet meets the criteria, it's allowed to pass through the firewall and reach its destination. If it doesn't meet the criteria, the firewall blocks the packet, preventing it from entering your network. A firewall can help prevent attacks like hacking, malware infections, and other cyber threats that could compromise your data or network. Firewalls can also be configured to filter out certain types of traffic or limit access to certain resources, providing an additional layer of protection for your network. In summary, a firewall is a vital cybersecurity tool that acts as a barrier between your network and the internet, helping to keep your data and devices safe from cyber threats.

What is debugging?

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Debugging is the process of finding and fixing errors, also known as "bugs", in a computer program. The goal of debugging is to ensure that the program runs smoothly and produces the expected results. This involves locating the source of the problem, understanding why it is happening, and then making changes to the code to correct the issue. Debugging can be a time-consuming and challenging task, but it is an important part of the software development process to ensure that the end-users have a positive experience when using the software.

What tells the computer how to use its components?

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The operating system (OS) tells the computer how to use its components. An operating system is a software program that manages the computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. The operating system acts as an intermediary between the computer's hardware and the programs or applications that run on the computer. It is responsible for controlling and allocating memory, prioritizing system requests, ensuring security, and managing input/output operations. In short, the operating system acts as the foundation for the computer to function and allows different applications and programs to communicate with the hardware and work together.

Computer softwares like ios, Ubuntu, Chrome OS, are classified as ___________

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Computer softwares like iOS, Ubuntu, Chrome OS are classified as operating systems, also known as system software. An operating system is a type of software that acts as the backbone of a computer, managing its resources and allowing other software to run on it. It controls the hardware, such as the CPU, memory, and storage, and provides a platform for other software to run on. This includes basic functions like managing files, running applications, and providing access to the internet. In short, the operating system is what makes a computer work and provides a foundation for other software to run on.

The process of feeding instructions into the computer system is called

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The process of feeding instructions into a computer system is called "inputting." It involves providing data, commands, or other types of information to a computer system so that it can process and execute the instructions. When you input data or commands into a computer system, you typically use an input device such as a keyboard, mouse, or microphone to provide the information. The computer then processes the input data using its internal logic and algorithms, and generates an output based on the instructions it received. For example, when you type a document using a keyboard and input the data into a word processing software, the computer processes the text and generates an output in the form of a document that you can save, print, or share. In summary, inputting is the process of providing information or instructions to a computer system, which is then processed and executed by the computer to generate an output.

What does an Operating System do?

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An operating system (OS) is a software program that manages a computer's hardware and software resources. Simply put, it acts as a bridge between the computer's hardware and the applications you run on it. An operating system is responsible for several important tasks, including: - Memory Management: It manages the computer's memory and makes sure that programs are running efficiently and that there's enough memory available when you need it. - File Management: It keeps track of all the files on the computer and organizes them in a way that makes it easy for you to find what you need. - Application Management: It launches and runs the applications you want to use and ensures that they run smoothly and don't interfere with each other. In short, an operating system is like a traffic cop for your computer, making sure that everything runs smoothly and efficiently.

Another word for booting is

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Another word for booting is "starting". Booting refers to the process of turning on a computer or device and initiating the operating system so that it is ready to run applications and perform other tasks. During the boot process, the computer performs a series of operations, such as checking hardware components, initializing software, and loading system files into memory. Once this process is complete, the computer is considered "started" and the user can begin using it. Therefore, starting is an appropriate alternative term for booting.

Which of the memories must be refreshed many times per second?

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Out of the given options, Dynamic RAM (DRAM) must be refreshed many times per second. DRAM is a type of computer memory that stores data in a capacitor within each memory cell. The capacitor can hold a charge, representing either a 0 or 1, but it gradually leaks over time, meaning that the data will eventually fade away. To prevent this data loss, the memory controller sends a refresh command to the DRAM chip many times per second. This refresh command recharges the capacitors in the memory cells to maintain the data stored in them. In contrast, Static RAM (SRAM) does not require refreshing, as it uses a different type of storage element that does not leak charge like a capacitor. EPROM and ROM are non-volatile memory types, meaning that they retain data even without power, and do not require refreshing.

Which of the following is not a stage of system development cycle?

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The stage of system development cycle that is not commonly considered is "Observation". The typical stages of the system development cycle are planning, analysis, design, implementation, and testing. During the planning stage, the requirements and objectives of the system are identified. In the analysis stage, the requirements are studied in detail, and the feasibility of the system is determined. The design stage involves creating a blueprint for the system, including its architecture, interfaces, and data structures. During implementation, the system is built and the design is turned into a working system. Testing involves checking the system's performance and identifying any errors or bugs that need to be fixed. Observation is not usually considered a distinct stage in the system development cycle, but it can be seen as a part of testing or implementation. Observation involves monitoring the system after it has been implemented to ensure that it is working as intended and to identify any issues that need to be addressed.

Hexadecimal numbers are a mixture of

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Hexadecimal numbers are a mixture of decimal numbers and letters. The decimal number system uses 10 digits, 0 through 9, to represent all numbers. The hexadecimal number system uses 16 symbols, 0 through 9 and the letters A through F, to represent numbers. These letters are used to represent the values 10 through 15, respectively. This makes hexadecimal a convenient way to represent binary data in a compact form, since each hexadecimal digit represents 4 binary digits.

In SQL, which command is used to remove a stored function from the database?

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The command used to remove a stored function from the database in SQL is the "DROP FUNCTION" command.

This command is used to permanently remove a stored function from the database. For example, if you have a stored function named "my_function", you can remove it with the following SQL statement:

DROP FUNCTION my_function;

It is important to note that once you drop a stored function, all references to it in your database will be lost and it cannot be recovered. So, it should be used with caution.

What is a website main page called?

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The main page of a website is called the "Home page." It's the first page that you see when you visit a website, and it often contains an overview of the website's content, as well as links to other pages on the site. The Home page is like the front door of a house, welcoming visitors and guiding them to different parts of the website. You can think of it as the main hub for a website, where you can start exploring the site's content and find what you're looking for. So, when you're visiting a website and you want to get back to the main page, just look for the "Home" button or link.

Which can be the input and output devices both?

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There are some devices that can be used as both input and output devices. These are: 1. Touch screen monitor: A touch screen monitor can be used as both an input and output device. It can display information to the user and also accept input from them through touch. 2. Digitizer: A digitizer is another device that can act as both an input and output device. It is used to convert analog signals, such as handwriting or sketches, into digital form. It can also display the digital output on a screen. In contrast, devices like a scanner and speaker are typically designed to perform just one function. A scanner is primarily an input device that converts physical documents into digital images, while a speaker is an output device that produces sound. To summarize, touch screen monitors and digitizers can be used as both input and output devices, while scanners and speakers are typically limited to a single function.

What is the full form of UDP?

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The full form of UDP is User Datagram Protocol. It is a communication protocol used for sending and receiving data over the internet. UDP is a lightweight, connectionless protocol that operates at the Transport layer of the Internet Protocol (IP) suite. Unlike TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), which guarantees delivery of data, UDP does not provide any guarantees regarding delivery or sequencing of packets. Instead, UDP is often used for applications that require faster data transfer, such as video streaming or online gaming, where small amounts of lost data are acceptable. The "User Datagram" part of the name refers to the fact that UDP sends data in the form of datagrams, which are discrete chunks of data that are sent as individual packets. The "Protocol" part of the name indicates that UDP is a set of rules and procedures that govern how data is transmitted and received over a network. In summary, UDP is a fast and lightweight protocol used for sending data over the internet. Its name reflects the fact that it operates using datagrams and is a protocol for communication.

_________ are programmes that affect the effectiveness of a computer system.

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The correct answer is "bugs and viruses." Bugs are errors or defects in computer software that can cause the system to behave unexpectedly or not function properly. They can affect the efficiency and effectiveness of a computer system by slowing it down, causing crashes, or producing incorrect results. Viruses, on the other hand, are malicious software programs that can infect a computer system and cause harm. They can also affect the effectiveness of a computer system by causing it to slow down or crash, stealing personal information, or spreading to other systems. Anti-virus programs are software tools designed to detect and remove viruses from a computer system. While they can help mitigate the negative effects of viruses, they are not a complete solution and cannot prevent all types of viruses from infecting a system.

Which of the listed is not a type of computer application?

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"Joy stick" is not a type of computer application. A computer application, also known as an application or app, is a program that runs on a computer and provides a specific set of functions for the user to perform. Examples of computer applications include Microsoft Word for word processing, Firefox for web browsing, and VLC media player for playing audio and video files. A joy stick, on the other hand, is a device used to control movement in computer games or simulations. It typically consists of a stick that can be moved in different directions to control the movement of an object on the screen. Joy sticks are not considered applications because they do not provide specific functions like a word processor or media player, but rather serve as input devices for other applications.

From where can the name of a user account be changed?

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The name of a user account can be changed from the Control Panel in most operating systems, including Windows and macOS. In Windows, you can access the Control Panel by clicking on the Start menu and selecting "Control Panel" from the list of options. Once in the Control Panel, you can navigate to the "User Accounts" section and select the user account whose name you want to change. From there, you can click on the "Change your account name" option and enter the new name for the account. Similarly, in macOS, you can access the System Preferences by clicking on the Apple menu and selecting "System Preferences" from the list of options. Once in the System Preferences, you can navigate to the "Users & Groups" section and select the user account whose name you want to change. From there, you can click on the "Full Name" field and enter the new name for the account. In summary, the name of a user account can be changed from the Control Panel or System Preferences of your operating system. The exact steps to do so may vary slightly depending on the operating system, but in general, you can navigate to the "User Accounts" or "Users & Groups" section and select the account whose name you want to change.

When an input signal 1 is applied to a NOT gate, the output is ..................

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When an input signal of 1 is applied to a NOT gate, the output will be 0. A NOT gate, also known as an inverter, is a digital logic gate that has one input and one output. The output of a NOT gate is the opposite of the input; if the input is high (1), the output will be low (0), and if the input is low (0), the output will be high (1). In other words, the NOT gate "inverts" the input signal. So, when a 1 is input to a NOT gate, the gate will invert it to 0 and produce that as the output signal. Similarly, when a 0 is input to a NOT gate, the gate will invert it to 1 and output that as the result.

Which of the following system software resides in the main memory always?

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The system software that always resides in the main memory is the Operating System (OS). In many operating systems, the loader resides permanently in memory. The OS manages the resources of the computer and acts as an interface between the user and the hardware. It is responsible for tasks such as memory management, process management, file management, and input/output operations. Text editors, assemblers, linkers, and loaders are all types of system software, but they do not always reside in the main memory. They are typically loaded into memory when needed, and can be swapped out of memory when other processes need more memory. This is because main memory is a limited resource and the OS dynamically allocates it to different processes as needed.

Which of these application packages is mostly used by computer users?

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Out of the options given, Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Word are the two most commonly used application packages by computer users. Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet application that allows users to create, edit, and analyze numerical data in a structured manner. It is widely used by businesses and individuals for tasks such as financial analysis, budgeting, data management, and statistical analysis. Microsoft Word, on the other hand, is a word processing application used for creating and editing text-based documents. It is used for a wide range of purposes, such as writing reports, letters, resumes, and academic papers. While CorelDraw is a graphic design software used for creating vector graphics and Ms Access is a database management system used for storing, managing and retrieving data, they are not as commonly used as Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Word in day-to-day computer usage.

Types of software programs are

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both A and B

A half byte is known as ________.

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A half byte is known as a nibble. A byte is a unit of digital information in computing, typically consisting of 8 bits. A nibble, on the other hand, is half of a byte, consisting of 4 bits. This unit is often used in computer architecture and data representation, especially when referring to memory addresses or data manipulation.

Which process is used by large retailers to study trends?

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Large retailers use data mining to study trends. Data mining is the process of analyzing large amounts of data and identifying patterns and trends in that data to make informed decisions. This can involve looking at customer behavior, sales data, market trends, and other types of data to gain insights into what products are popular, what customers are looking for, and how the market is changing. The goal of data mining is to help retailers make informed decisions about their business and stay ahead of the competition.

he rules that govern the structure of a command or programming language is called

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The rules that govern the structure of a command or programming language is called Syntax. Syntax determines the proper order and format of the elements that make up a command or program, such as keywords, variables, and operators. These rules must be followed precisely to create a functioning program. Syntax errors occur when these rules are not followed, and the program will not execute properly. So, in summary, Syntax is a set of rules that define the correct structure and formatting of a command or programming language.

Binary coded decimals (BCD) numbers express each digit as a ___________

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Binary coded decimals (BCD) numbers express each digit as a nibble. A nibble is a group of 4 bits, which can represent 16 distinct values (0-15). In BCD, each decimal digit is encoded using a separate nibble, where each nibble represents the binary equivalent of the digit. For example, the decimal number 123 would be represented in BCD as four nibbles: 0001 (1), 0010 (2), 0011 (3), and 0011 (3). Using a nibble to represent each digit is a simple and efficient way to encode decimal numbers in binary form. BCD is commonly used in computer systems where decimal arithmetic is required, such as in financial calculations or in control systems where numerical values need to be displayed on digital screens. In summary, BCD numbers express each decimal digit as a nibble, allowing for efficient and accurate representation of decimal numbers in binary form.

In any software package, which of the following versions represents a major improvement on the previous version?

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In any software package, a new version number that increases the whole number before the decimal point represents a major improvement on the previous version. Therefore, the versions that represent a major improvement on the previous version is 2.0.

In software development, version numbers are used to identify different releases or iterations of a program. A new version number is typically assigned when significant changes or improvements are made to the software. The first number before the decimal point in a version number is known as the major version number. When this number increases, it indicates that there has been a significant change or improvement in the software that warrants a new release.

The second number after the decimal point is the minor version number, which typically represents smaller changes or bug fixes. Therefore, 2.0 is a major releases that represent significant improvements over the previous version, while 1.0, 1.5 and 2.5 are minor releases that represent smaller changes or bug fixes.

In summary, a new software version number that increases the major version number before the decimal point represents a major improvement on the previous version, indicating that significant changes or improvements have been made to the software.

The function of an assembler is to _________

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The function of an assembler is to convert assembly language to machine language. Assembly language is a low-level programming language that is used to program computers and microprocessors. It consists of a series of instructions and operations that are written in human-readable text, and the assembler converts these instructions into machine code that the computer can understand and execute. The machine code is a series of binary digits (0s and 1s) that represent the instructions and operations in a form that the computer can process. In this way, the assembler acts as a bridge between the human-readable assembly language and the machine-readable machine code, allowing programmers to write code in a form that is easier for them to understand and debug, while still allowing the computer to execute the code efficiently.

A logic circuit performs ________ functions

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A logic circuit performs "processing and controlling" functions. A logic circuit is an electronic circuit that performs a specific logical operation, which is based on the principles of Boolean algebra. It takes one or more digital inputs and produces a digital output based on a set of rules, known as a truth table. The primary function of a logic circuit is to process and control the input signals to produce a desired output signal. In other words, it performs logical operations on the input signals to generate the desired output signal. This makes it a processing and controlling device. For example, a logic circuit can be used to perform a simple logic function, such as a logical AND operation, which takes two input signals and produces an output signal that is true only when both input signals are true. This output signal can then be used to control the behavior of another device or system. In summary, logic circuits are used in a wide variety of electronic devices, such as computers, calculators, and mobile phones, to process and control digital signals, which makes them an essential component of digital technology.

Internet explorer is used for

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Internet Explorer is a web browser that is used to view web pages on the internet. It allows users to access different websites and view the content on those sites, such as text, images, videos, and other media. Internet Explorer is designed to make it easy for users to navigate the internet by providing tools such as search bars, bookmarks, and tabs. While it may be possible to play movies or music within Internet Explorer, its primary purpose is to browse the internet and display web pages.

What differs a system software from application software?

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System software and application software are two broad categories of computer software, each with different functions and purposes. System software is a collection of programs that control and manage the basic operations of a computer system. It is designed to provide a platform for other software applications to run on. System software includes operating systems, device drivers, utilities, and other tools that enable the computer to operate and perform its functions. On the other hand, application software refers to programs that are designed to perform specific tasks or applications for the user. These programs are used for word processing, spreadsheets, photo editing, web browsing, and other specialized tasks. Application software is often created by third-party developers and can be installed and used by end-users. The main difference between system software and application software is the purpose they serve. System software is responsible for managing the hardware and providing a platform for other software to run on, while application software is designed to perform specific tasks for the user. Other differences between system software and application software include: - Ability to multi-task: System software is designed to manage and allocate system resources, while application software is designed to perform specific tasks. Therefore, system software has more multitasking capabilities than application software. - Minimal in terms of space: System software is usually larger in terms of size and requires more storage space than application software. - Presence of cache memory: System software may use cache memory to improve the performance of the computer system, while application software does not typically use cache memory. - Unique programs installed by the creators to help run the computer: System software includes programs that are installed by the computer manufacturer or operating system developer to help run the computer, such as device drivers and system utilities. Application software does not include these types of programs.