JAMB UTME - Literature In English - 2019

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The correct answer is "epistolary." An epistolary novel is a novel written in the form of a series of letters or diary entries. The letters are often written by one or more of the characters in the novel, and they can be addressed to other characters in the novel, or to people outside the novel. The form of the letters allows the reader to see events from multiple perspectives and can create a more intimate relationship between the reader and the characters. One famous example of an epistolary novel is "Dracula" by Bram Stoker. The novel is made up of a series of letters, diary entries, and newspaper articles, all written by different characters in the novel. The use of letters and diary entries allows the reader to experience the horror of the novel through the eyes of the characters, and creates a sense of immediacy and urgency. Epistolary novels have been popular for centuries, and the form has been used to tell a wide variety of stories, from gothic horror to romantic comedy. Some other examples of epistolary novels include "The Color Purple" by Alice Walker, "Pamela" by Samuel Richardson, and "The Screwtape Letters" by C.S. Lewis.

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" The proud King" is actually a biblical allusion because it an epic poem which is didactic in nature and teaches moral lessons , it is also concern for the sense of good virtue makes as well a parable of some kind. 

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Probably on the first instance the statement may not seem true but with a closer examination it appears to be true and realistic

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Parable is stories concern the issues of right reason and good conscience and have didactic qualities, it is also often seen as an earthly story which has heavenly inclinations. 

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'The dun dun of a drum' is an example of an onomatopoeia. Onomatopoeia is a literary device in which a word imitates the sound it represents. In this case, the word "dun dun" imitates the sound of a drum, and therefore, it is an onomatopoeia. Onomatopoeia can be used to create a vivid and sensory experience for the reader, making the writing more engaging and memorable. Therefore, onomatopoeia is a useful tool for writers who want to make their work more expressive and dynamic.

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Bayanin Amsa

The most dominant poetic device used in Okara's 'Piano and Drums' is "symbolism." Symbolism is a literary device that uses symbols to represent ideas or qualities beyond their literal meaning. In the poem, the piano and the drums represent two different cultures - the Western and the African - and the conflict between them. The piano symbolizes Western culture, which is associated with order, control, and civilization, while the drums represent African culture, which is associated with rhythm, passion, and tradition. Through this symbolism, the poem explores the speaker's struggle to reconcile his African heritage with the influence of Western culture.

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The correct term for a dramatic type directed against an individual or a private institute with the intent to severely ridicule is a "lampoon." A lampoon is a type of satirical writing that specifically targets individuals or organizations, using humor and ridicule to expose flaws, criticize behaviors, or challenge beliefs. Lampoons are often written in a sarcastic, exaggerated, or insulting manner, and they can be found in many forms, such as cartoons, poems, or songs. The purpose of a lampoon is to entertain the audience while also making a serious point or social commentary.

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The line "The earth has stopped breathing and sighed" illustrates personification. Personification is a figure of speech in which human qualities are attributed to non-human entities such as animals, objects, or natural phenomena. In this line, the poet personifies the earth, giving it human-like qualities of breathing and sighing. The use of personification is effective in conveying the idea that the land is suffering and struggling to survive due to the neglect and mistreatment by its human inhabitants. The line does not illustrate bathos, which is an abrupt shift from a serious or lofty style to a common or ridiculous one. It is also not a paradox, which is a statement that appears self-contradictory or absurd but may be true in fact. Additionally, it is not a climax, which is the point of highest dramatic tension or a turning point in a narrative.

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The mood of the poem "Vanity" is that of worry and also the poet expressess this through a series of rhetorical questions. 

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The bar in Alfred Lord Tennyson's poem "Crossing the Bar" symbolizes the boundary between life and death. This boundary is often referred to as the "crossing" or the "journey" from life on earth to the afterlife. The bar represents the threshold between this life and the next, and the speaker in the poem is asking for God's guidance as he makes this final journey. The bar can be interpreted as a metaphor for the uncertainty and fear associated with death, and the speaker is expressing a desire for a safe and peaceful crossing.

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In Lenrie's 'The Panic of Growing Older', another significant theme is the uncertainties of life. The poem describes the speaker's fear and anxiety as he grows older and realizes that life is unpredictable and fleeting. He expresses his regret for not living his life to the fullest and for wasting time on things that don't matter. The poem suggests that life is full of uncertainties, and we can't predict what will happen in the future. The speaker's panic about growing older is a reflection of our universal fear of the unknown and the inevitability of aging and death. Although the poem briefly mentions natural disasters, war, and the relationship between mankind and nature, these are not the primary themes. The poem's central focus is on the uncertainties of life and how we should cherish the present moment and make the most of our time on earth.

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It was when Aloho found out she was 3 months pregnant and the chances of abortion were impossible that was when the harvest of corruption started in The novel. 

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A poem of 14 lines is known as a "sonnet". A sonnet is a type of poem that originated in Italy in the 13th century and became popular in England in the 16th century. It consists of 14 lines and typically follows a strict rhyme scheme and a specific structure. The most common type of sonnet is the "Shakespearean" or "English" sonnet, which is composed of three quatrains (four-line stanzas) and a final couplet (two-line stanza). The rhyme scheme of a Shakespearean sonnet is usually ABAB CDCD EFEF GG, meaning that the first and third lines of each quatrain rhyme with each other, as do the second and fourth lines, and the final couplet rhymes with each other. Sonnet form is often used to express intense or complex emotions, such as love, loss, and mortality. Many of the greatest poets in history have written sonnets, including William Shakespeare, John Donne, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, and Pablo Neruda.

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Anelepsis (flash back) is used to reveal a futuristic event at the present moment while prolepsis is literay used for foreshadowing unlike flash back. 

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"Native Son" by Richard Wright can be described as a bildungsroman. A bildungsroman is a novel that focuses on the moral and psychological growth of the protagonist from youth to adulthood. "Native Son" follows the story of Bigger Thomas, an African American youth living in poverty in Chicago. The novel explores his psychological and emotional development as he navigates the racist society in which he lives and the consequences of his actions.

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The poet with the usage of powerful imageries and symbols as 'gun' and 'wound' reveals that the subject matter of the poem is that of brutality or horrors of war and not mere conflict therefore brutality is the best answer. 

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Bayanin Amsa

In literary criticism, a casual reference to a figure or an event is regarded as an allusion. An allusion is a literary device that refers to a person, event, or work of art in a passing or indirect manner. It assumes that the reader has prior knowledge of the subject being referred to, and the writer can use it to add depth and meaning to their work. Allusions can be used to create a connection between the reader and the text or to provide cultural or historical context. Therefore, an allusion is a type of reference that adds layers of meaning to a literary work.

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The futility of life and time may be said to be a critical subject of concern in Blake's "School Boy". The poem describes the monotonous and oppressive nature of traditional education, which the speaker views as a waste of time and a hindrance to personal growth and creativity. The speaker longs to escape the confines of the classroom and explore the natural world, which he sees as a source of inspiration and freedom. The poem suggests that the educational system stifles the creativity and individuality of students and forces them to conform to society's expectations. The focus of the poem is not on adventurism or academic development, although these themes are indirectly related to the futility of life and time. The poem's central concern is the need for individuals to find meaning and purpose in their lives beyond the confines of traditional institutions and societal norms.

Bayanin Amsa

Bayanin Amsa

Despite the resentment from most men in Kufi, Yaremi remained self-reliant and assertive.The author strongly condemned and advocates for the change in the African belief system as the male superiority over the female gender. Option D although may seem tempting, but clearly relates to the unfounded beliefs that widows are responsible for their husbands' death etc.

Bayanin Amsa

Bayanin Amsa

The last stanza of the poem where they said " awaiting in ambush" shows or signifies hopelessness as the ruling class will be expecting to devour the future change makers. 

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Adeoti's Ambush may be best described as metaphorical. Metaphorical language is the use of a word or phrase that is not meant to be taken literally, but rather to represent something else. In Adeoti's Ambush, the language used goes beyond the literal meaning of words to create a deeper meaning or message. For example, when Adeoti writes, "The road was a serpent, coiled and waiting to strike," he is using a metaphor to compare the road to a serpent, emphasizing the danger and unpredictability of the situation. Through the use of metaphorical language, Adeoti creates vivid imagery that helps readers better understand the themes and ideas in his work. This can make the writing more engaging and memorable, as readers are able to connect with the message on a deeper level.

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The story was told by an outsider who knows the storyline aforetime, It is told from the third person/ Omniscient point of view it was not told by any character in the novel. 

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The  reason behind God withholding the gift of rest from man is that man can always remember his creator whether as a result of goodness or weariness. This is seen at the third stanza of the poem. 

Bayanin Amsa

Bayanin Amsa

The voice of reason in the play "Harvest of Corruption" is exemplified in the character of Ogeyi. Ogeyi is a young and idealistic journalist who believes in uncovering the truth and exposing corruption. She is the one who sets the events of the play in motion by writing an article about the corrupt practices of Chief Haladu Ade Amaka, the Minister of External Relations. Ogeyi's actions show her dedication to fighting corruption and her commitment to justice. Throughout the play, Ogeyi serves as a moral compass for the other characters. She refuses to be swayed by the bribes and threats of Chief Ade Amaka and his cronies, and she remains steadfast in her pursuit of the truth. Ogeyi's courage and integrity make her a shining example of what it means to be a voice of reason in a corrupt society. In conclusion, Ogeyi's character embodies the voice of reason in "Harvest of Corruption" due to her unwavering dedication to the truth and her commitment to exposing corruption. She serves as a beacon of hope in a society that has been overrun by greed and deceit.

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Analogy is the arrangement of two ideas that are similar. An analogy is a comparison between two things that are alike in certain aspects to help explain or clarify a complex or abstract idea. In this comparison, there is usually a relationship between two pairs of words or ideas, where one pair is to the other pair as the first term is to its relationship with the second term. The relationship between the two pairs of words or ideas may be of many types, such as cause and effect, antonyms, synonyms, and so on. Overall, the use of analogy helps people understand complex ideas by relating them to more familiar or understandable concepts.

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A poem is said to be good if it evokes emotions and resonates with the reader in a meaningful way. A good poem can have many different elements that contribute to its effectiveness, including elevated style, rhyme and reason, a regular rhythm, and so on. However, the most important aspect of a good poem is its ability to connect with the reader and convey a message, feeling, or idea that is significant and impactful. Ultimately, whether a poem is considered "good" is subjective and depends on the reader's personal preferences and experiences.

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A narrative hook is the illustration that serves to persuasively sustain the interest of the readers in a literary piece. It's a tool used by writers to grab the reader's attention and keep them engaged in the story. A narrative hook can be an interesting character, a dramatic event, a cliffhanger, a surprising revelation, or any other element that makes the reader want to keep reading to find out what happens next. In essence, a narrative hook is what keeps the reader hooked on the story and invested in its outcome.

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The setting of William Shakespeare's play "Othello" is Venice and its surrounding territories, including Cyprus. Venice was a major commercial and cultural center in the 16th and 17th centuries, and was known for its wealth, political power, and maritime influence. In the play, Venice is the backdrop for the events that unfold, and provides a backdrop of political and social tensions that shape the characters and their actions. The setting of Venice helps to create a sense of atmosphere and provides context for the play's themes of jealousy, deceit, and racism.

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The flow of words and expressions, from one to another, of the poet directly reflect his sorrowful state of mind for the tragedies that have consumed his land

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The most influential aspect of Hallowell's "The Dining Table" is the setting of the poem. The setting is a domestic dining table that represents a space where family members gather and interact with each other. The setting is significant because it creates an atmosphere that allows the poet to explore various themes such as family dynamics, cultural identity, and the passage of time. The structure of the poem, the atmosphere, and the poetic style are all important, but they are secondary to the setting because they all contribute to the portrayal of the dining table and the significance it holds in the lives of the family members.

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The species of conflict exemplified in "Native Son" is that of man against society. This novel, written by Richard Wright, explores the experiences of a young Black man named Bigger Thomas who lives in poverty and racial segregation in Chicago during the 1930s. The central conflict in the novel is the tension between Bigger and the white-dominated society in which he lives. This conflict is characterized by racism, prejudice, and inequality, and it affects every aspect of Bigger's life, from his relationships to his opportunities and freedoms. The novel ultimately depicts the devastating consequences of this man-against-society conflict and its impact on the lives of those who are oppressed and marginalized by it.

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A didactic poem that features animals as characters may be distinctively described as an apologue. An apologue is a form of allegory that uses animals or inanimate objects to teach a moral or lesson. This type of poem often aims to instruct or guide its readers on how to live a good life or make the right decisions. The animals in an apologue usually represent different human qualities or characteristics, and the events and actions in the poem serve as a metaphor for real-life situations. Therefore, an apologue is an effective tool for teaching morals and values to children and adults alike.

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A transferred epithet is popularly known as a "hypallage". A hypallage is a figure of speech in which an adjective or a modifier is grammatically associated with a word other than the one it actually modifies, creating an effect of syntactic inversion. In other words, a hypallage is when an adjective or descriptive word is applied to a different noun than the one it grammatically belongs to. For example, in the phrase "a sleepless night", the adjective "sleepless" is transferred from the person who is supposed to be sleepless to the night itself, which is inanimate and cannot literally experience sleeplessness. However, the phrase makes sense because it conveys the idea that the night feels long and restless. Transferred epithets are often used in literature and poetry to create vivid and striking imagery or to convey complex emotions and ideas.

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The literary term for conflict in literature is "Agon". Agon refers to the central struggle or conflict between characters, ideas, or forces in a literary work. It is an essential element of the plot that drives the story forward and creates tension and drama. Agon can take many forms, such as a physical battle, a psychological struggle, or a moral dilemma, and it can be between the protagonist and an antagonist, or within the protagonist's own mind or conscience. In summary, Agon is a crucial component of a story that creates conflict, tension, and interest for the reader or audience.

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Nemesis is the significant literary devices here, the poet portrays the importance of moral virtues and humility through the reversal of fortunes of the King.