JAMB UTME - General Knowledge In Art - 2010

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Varnish is essential for the protection of oil paintings. It provides a clear protective layer over the paint and prevents it from coming into contact with dust, moisture, and other environmental factors that could cause damage over time. Varnish also enhances the appearance of the painting by providing a uniform finish and increasing the depth and intensity of colors. However, varnish is not typically used on watercolor, pastel or gouache paintings because they are usually framed under glass for protection.

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Thorn carving is a traditional art form practiced in Nigeria, which involves the intricate carving of animal horns and other materials using sharp thorns. Among the options provided, the practice of thorn carving is mainly associated with the town of Owo in Ondo state and the city of Ado-Ekiti in Ekiti state. Therefore, the correct answer would be "Owo and Ado-Ekiti."

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In CorelDRAW application, ruler guides are used to get the accurate size of a given object. Ruler guides are thin lines that can be placed on the drawing page to help with positioning and aligning objects. By using the ruler guides, you can accurately measure the size of an object in your design. This helps to ensure that your design is the correct size and proportion. Ruler guides can be moved, added, and removed as needed to help with the design process. So, if you want to get the accurate size of a given object in CorelDRAW, you can use the ruler guides to achieve this.

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Byzantine art emerged in the 4th century in Constantinople.

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Prehistoric cave paintings mainly reflected animals. These were depictions of the animals that the early humans saw and hunted, such as bison, horses, and deer. These paintings were a form of communication for these early humans, as well as a way of recording and celebrating their hunting successes. The paintings were often made with natural pigments and were found in caves all around the world.

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The use of lines to describe an object is known as drawing. Drawing is the art of creating images on a surface, typically paper, using various tools such as pencils, pens, charcoal, or pastels. When creating a drawing, lines are used to describe the shape, form, and texture of the object being drawn. Lines can be used to convey a sense of movement, depth, and emotion in a drawing. By varying the thickness, length, and direction of the lines, an artist can create a wide range of effects and styles in their drawing. Drawing is a fundamental skill in many art forms, including painting, graphic design, and animation, and is often used as a way to develop ideas and concepts before creating a final artwork.

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In a composition, emphasis means that attention is drawn to certain parts than others. Emphasis is an important aspect of composition in art and design. It refers to the technique of using visual elements such as color, shape, line, and texture to draw the viewer's attention to a specific part of the artwork or design. The artist or designer uses emphasis to create a focal point, which is the area or object that stands out the most in the composition. While color can be used to create emphasis, it is not the only factor. An artist or designer may also use shape, line, texture, or other visual elements to create emphasis. The important thing is that the emphasis draws the viewer's attention and creates a sense of hierarchy within the composition. So, in summary, emphasis in a composition means that attention is drawn to certain parts than others, creating a focal point that stands out from the rest of the composition.

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The Dogon people of Mali are renowned for their masks. The Dogon are an ethnic group that live in the central plateau region of Mali in West Africa. They have a rich cultural heritage that includes a deep understanding of astronomy, art, and ritual practices. Dogon masks are used in various religious and cultural ceremonies, such as funeral rites, initiation rites, and agricultural festivals. The masks are often carved from wood and decorated with various materials such as cowrie shells, beads, and metal pieces. Each mask has a specific meaning and is imbued with spiritual power. Some masks are used to represent ancestors or spirits, while others are used to evoke specific emotions or to protect against evil. The Dogon masks are considered some of the most beautiful and intricate masks in Africa, and they are highly sought after by art collectors and museums around the world. Therefore, the correct answer is the option "masks".

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A textile artist uses a motif to form patterns. A motif is a recurring design element that is often used in decorative arts, and it can be a simple or complex shape, image, or pattern. The artist may use different techniques and materials to create the motif, such as drawing, painting, printing, or embroidery. Once the motif is created, it can be repeated and arranged in different ways to form a pattern on the textile. Yarn is also an essential material used in textile arts, but it is not used to form patterns. Logos and posters are not typically used in the process of creating textile patterns.

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In lettering, one of the principles is that round characters are placed closely. Round characters refer to letters that have a circular or curved shape, such as "o," "e," and "c." When creating lettering or typography, it is important to consider the spacing between the letters to ensure legibility and visual appeal. Placing round characters closely together helps to create a more even and consistent rhythm in the text, and makes it easier to read. It also helps to create a more cohesive and balanced design. However, it is important to balance the spacing between all the letters, not just the round ones, to create an aesthetically pleasing and readable text.

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Mosaic art is a decorative art form that involves creating images or patterns by arranging small pieces of glass, stone, or other materials on a surface. It has been around for thousands of years and has been used by different cultures throughout history. The art of creating mosaics dates back to ancient times, with some of the earliest examples dating back to the 3rd millennium BCE. However, it was during the Hellenistic period (4th to 1st centuries BCE) that mosaic art began to flourish, with artists using tesserae (small pieces of colored glass or stone) to create intricate designs and patterns. Mosaic art continued to develop and evolve throughout the Roman period, with many famous examples still surviving today in places like Pompeii and Ravenna. During this time, mosaics were used to decorate floors, walls, and ceilings of public and private buildings. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is the Roman period, as this was the period when mosaic art flourished and reached its peak in terms of creativity and sophistication.

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Architecture is an example of Visual Art. It involves the design and construction of buildings, structures, and other physical environments that are both functional and aesthetically pleasing. Architects use various elements of design such as form, shape, color, texture, and space to create visually appealing structures that serve a specific purpose. These structures can be appreciated as works of art in their own right, as well as for their practical function.

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The town famous for the production of calabash is Oyo. Calabash is a fruit that is dried and used as a container for food, water, and other items. The calabash is grown in many parts of Nigeria, but Oyo is particularly well-known for its skilled artisans who turn the calabash into beautifully decorated containers, musical instruments, and other objects of art. The Oyo calabash is highly valued for its quality, durability, and beauty.

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Ikogosi Warm Spring is described as a natural phenomenon because it occurs naturally. It is a natural tourist attraction located in Ekiti State, Nigeria, and is known for its unique features. The warm spring is formed by two distinct springs that meet at a confluence: a warm spring with a temperature of about 70 degrees Celsius and a cold spring with a temperature of about 37 degrees Celsius. The meeting point of these two springs creates a fascinating scenery where one can see steam rising from the warm spring while the cold spring flows freely. The warm temperature of the spring is due to the geothermal activity in the region, and the spring has been naturally occurring for centuries. Therefore, the correct answer is the option "occurs naturally".

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A permanent pattern made on the skin is called a tattoo. Tattoos are created by inserting ink into the layers of skin to create a design or pattern. The process of creating a tattoo involves using a needle to puncture the skin and inject ink into the dermis layer of skin. Tattoos can be created in a wide range of styles, colors, and designs, and can represent a variety of meanings or symbolism. Many cultures have a history of tattooing, and tattoos have been used for various purposes such as identifying membership in a group, marking important life events, or simply for decoration. While tattoos are generally considered permanent, some people may choose to have them removed through laser treatment or other methods.

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An armature is essential for artists in executing large works in sculpture. An armature is a framework or skeleton used to support and guide the artist's creation of a sculpture. It is typically made from metal wires, rods or other materials that can withstand the weight and pressure of the sculpting material, such as clay or plaster. The armature provides a stable foundation for the sculpture and helps the artist to maintain the proper proportions and overall structure of the piece. Without an armature, larger sculptures may collapse or become distorted over time. Armatures are particularly useful for creating sculptures that require a specific pose or position, as they can help to maintain the desired balance and weight distribution of the piece. Armatures can be made in a variety of shapes and sizes to accommodate different sculpting techniques and materials.

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Egyptian art is an ancient form of art that developed over thousands of years in the Nile River Valley. It is known for its distinctive style and iconography, which includes depictions of gods, pharaohs, and everyday life. One of the main characteristics of Egyptian art is its rigidity and frontality. Figures are often depicted in a formal, upright posture, with their arms and legs straight and their heads facing forward. This reflects the importance of order and stability in Egyptian society. Another characteristic of Egyptian art is its use of symbolism and iconography. Many images and objects were designed to convey specific meanings and messages, such as the pharaoh's power and authority or the idea of life after death. In terms of the options given in the question, the use of bright and raw colors is indeed a characteristic of Egyptian art. However, the other options are not accurate. Egyptian art typically depicts figures with long, slender limbs and narrow waists, rather than short feet and small thighs. Similarly, there is no specific emphasis on roundness of shoulders. In summary, the main characteristics of Egyptian art are its rigidity and frontality, use of symbolism and iconography, and the use of bright and raw colors.

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Artworks that are produced to serve a utilitarian purpose are classified as applied arts. Applied arts are different from fine arts, which are created purely for aesthetic or expressive purposes. Applied arts, on the other hand, are created to serve a practical or functional purpose, such as ceramics, furniture, glassware, jewelry, and textiles. Applied arts are often designed to be both functional and aesthetically pleasing, and they can be found in many aspects of everyday life. For example, a ceramic mug can be an example of an applied art as it is produced with the intention of being used for drinking beverages, but it can also be decorated with artistic designs. Therefore, the correct answer is the option "applied arts".

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In traditional Nigerian art, there is a cultural and artistic connection between Ife and Benin. The Ife and Benin kingdoms, located in what is now modern-day Nigeria, had a long-standing cultural exchange and artistic influence on each other. This exchange is evident in their art, which shares similar stylistic and thematic elements. For example, both Ife and Benin art often featured realistic and naturalistic depictions of the human form, with a focus on the head and facial features. They also shared a common use of brass and bronze in their art, and both created intricate and detailed sculptures, masks, and other art objects. This cultural and artistic connection between Ife and Benin highlights the rich artistic heritage of Nigeria and the importance of cultural exchange and collaboration in art.

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Captions used to enhance television announcements would be more understandable if produced as graphics. Graphics involve the use of visual elements such as icons, symbols, and images to communicate a message. They are often used to simplify complex information, making it more accessible to the audience. Graphics can be used to enhance the visual appeal of television announcements and improve the clarity of information being conveyed. They are particularly useful for viewers with hearing impairments, as well as those who watch television in noisy environments. Thus, graphics are the most appropriate medium for producing captions that are clear and easy to understand in television announcements.

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Plasticine is an art medium that can be used in place of clay. Clay is a natural material that has been used for thousands of years as a sculpting material. However, plasticine is a synthetic material that was invented in the late 19th century as a replacement for clay. Plasticine has many advantages over clay as an art medium, including its pliability and ability to hold its shape without cracking. It is also easier to work with, as it can be softened by warming it with the hands or a heat source. Plasticine can be used for a wide range of sculpting projects, from small figurines to large-scale installations. It is a popular choice for children's modeling clay because it does not dry out or harden over time, allowing for endless reuse. Therefore, the correct answer is the option "clay".

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Wood carving in Yorubaland was primarily meant for religious purposes. The Yoruba people believed that objects made from wood had spiritual significance and were channels for communication with the spiritual realm. The carvings were used in various religious ceremonies and festivals, and were often made to represent gods, ancestors, or spirits. The intricate details and symbolism in the carvings were believed to convey messages from the spiritual realm to the people. Although wood carving also had economic and ceremonial purposes, its primary significance was religious, and it played an important role in the Yoruba people's spiritual and cultural practices.

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The pigment that can be obtained locally from clay is Yellow ochre. Yellow ochre is a natural pigment that can be found in many parts of the world, including areas with clay soil. It is a type of iron oxide that gives a yellow to orange color. The clay soil containing yellow ochre can be harvested and processed to extract the pigment. This pigment has been used for thousands of years by various civilizations as a paint, dye, and cosmetic. The other options, lemon yellow, blue, and green, are not typically obtained from clay. Lemon yellow is a synthetic pigment that is made using chemicals. Blue is typically made from minerals like lapis lazuli or azurite, while green is often made by combining blue and yellow pigments. Therefore, yellow ochre is the only pigment on the list that can be obtained locally from clay.

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The Egyptian sculptural piece that is half man and half animal is called the Sphinx. It is a mythical creature with a human head and the body of a lion. The most famous Sphinx is the Great Sphinx of Giza, which is located on the west bank of the Nile River in Egypt. It is believed to have been built during the reign of the Pharaoh Khafra in the Old Kingdom period of ancient Egypt. The Sphinx is a symbol of strength and power, and it has been a popular subject in Egyptian art and mythology for thousands of years.

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The eye level in a pictorial composition is the imaginary line that represents the height of the observer's eyes, relative to the scene being depicted. In the given pictorial composition, the eye level is represented by the line that connects points G and H. This line is horizontal and runs across the entire composition, dividing it into two distinct parts: the sky and the land. Therefore, the correct answer is the option "G H".

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In computer graphics, the device used in navigating the window environment is called a "mouse". A mouse is a handheld device that typically has one or more buttons and a scroll wheel, which allows the user to move a cursor on the computer screen and select items displayed on the screen. By moving the mouse across a flat surface, the cursor on the screen moves in the same direction, allowing the user to interact with the graphical user interface of the computer system. The name "mouse" is derived from its shape, which is said to resemble a small rodent.

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An atomizer is most ideal in the application of fixative. A fixative is a liquid solution that is applied to a drawing, painting, or print to help prevent smudging, fading, or other forms of damage. An atomizer is a device that sprays a fine mist or spray of liquid, making it ideal for applying fixative. The atomizer creates a controlled and even mist of fixative that can be easily applied to the surface of the artwork without the need for a brush or other tools. This helps to ensure that the fixative is applied evenly and without leaving brush strokes or other marks on the artwork. Atomizers are particularly useful for artists who work with delicate or detailed drawings or paintings, as they allow for a precise and controlled application of the fixative without damaging the artwork. Atomizers can also be used to apply other types of liquids, such as water or solvents, depending on the needs of the artist.

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Adire-eleko is a traditional textile dyeing technique that originated in Nigeria. The technique involves creating intricate patterns on fabric using a resist dyeing method. The starch used for designing in adire-eleko is typically made from cassava. The cassava starch is mixed with water and then boiled to form a thick paste. Once the paste has cooled down, it is applied to the fabric using a small broom or a stamp made from a sponge or raffia. The resist paste is allowed to dry before the fabric is dyed. The dye used in adire-eleko is usually indigo, which creates a deep blue color. The white alum is also added to the indigo dye to help it adhere to the fabric. Therefore, the starch used for designing in adire-eleko is boiled with indigo dye and white alum. The other options given in the question are not accurate.

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Literary art involves poetry and prose. Literary art refers to creative works such as novels, short stories, poetry, and drama, which are written to convey a message or express ideas and emotions. Painting, sculpture, and architecture are part of the visual arts, which involve creating works that are primarily meant to be seen, while literary arts involve creating works that are meant to be read or heard. Drama, a form of literature that is meant to be performed on stage, is also considered a part of literary art.

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Of the given options, 4B is the grade of pencil that is good for making dark marks. The grades of pencils range from hard (H) to soft (B), with the number indicating the degree of hardness or softness within each category. A 4B pencil is considered soft, which means it can make darker marks on paper than harder pencils like HB or 2H. Therefore, if someone wants to create dark and bold marks, they should use a 4B pencil.

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Dyes are colorants that are most suitable for printing on fabrics. Dyes have the ability to penetrate the fibers of the fabric and bond with them, creating a lasting and vibrant color. This is why dyes are commonly used in textile industries to produce colorful and long-lasting fabrics for clothing, upholstery, and other decorative purposes. While dyes can also be used for painting on walls or drawing on canvas, they are less suitable for these purposes as they do not adhere as well to the surfaces and are not as fade-resistant over time. For printing on papers, inks are typically used instead of dyes. Therefore, the correct answer is the option "printing on fabrics".

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The design above is composed of basic shapes.

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The Zaria Art School is known for its freedom of expression. This means that the students are encouraged to freely express themselves in their artwork without any limitations or restrictions. The school emphasizes individual creativity and originality, rather than conforming to traditional or preconceived ideas of what art should be. This approach has produced many notable artists who have gone on to make significant contributions to the art world.