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Tambaya 1 Rahoto
An important medical use of nuclear radiations is
Bayanin Amsa
One important medical use of nuclear radiations is radiotherapy. Radiotherapy uses high-energy radiation to destroy cancer cells and shrink tumors. This type of treatment is usually delivered by a machine called a linear accelerator, which produces high-energy X-rays or gamma rays that are directed towards the tumor. The radiation damages the DNA of the cancer cells, causing them to die. Radiotherapy is often used in combination with other treatments such as chemotherapy and surgery, and can be effective in treating a range of cancers including lung, breast, prostate, and brain cancer.
Tambaya 2 Rahoto
Which of the following properties of covalent compounds is not correct? They
Bayanin Amsa
The correct option is "have high boiling points." Covalent compounds are formed by sharing of electrons between two non-metal atoms. These compounds generally have low melting and boiling points due to their weak intermolecular forces. They are mostly gaseous or volatile liquids. Covalent compounds also do not dissociate into ions in solution, and therefore they are non-electrolytes. However, some covalent compounds with strong intermolecular forces may have high boiling points.
Tambaya 3 Rahoto
Which of the following dilute acids does not react with metals to liberate hydrogen?
Tambaya 4 Rahoto
A solution that contains as much solute as it can dissolve at a given temperature is said to be
Bayanin Amsa
A solution that contains as much solute as it can dissolve at a given temperature is said to be saturated. This means that no more solute can be dissolved in the solution without changing the temperature or pressure. Any additional solute added to a saturated solution will remain undissolved and settle at the bottom of the container. The saturation point is determined by the solubility of the solute in the solvent, which is the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature and pressure.
Tambaya 5 Rahoto
Consider the reaction represented by the following equation: H 2(g) + \(\frac{1}{2}\) O(g) → H 2O(g) ∆H =-285.8 KJmo -1 ∆H represents the enthalpy of
Bayanin Amsa
∆H represents the enthalpy change of a chemical reaction, which is defined as the difference between the enthalpy of the products and the enthalpy of the reactants. In this case, the equation given is the reaction of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas to form water, so ∆H represents the enthalpy change of the formation of water. Therefore, the correct answer is "formation".
Tambaya 6 Rahoto
Salts that contain water of crystallization are said to be
Bayanin Amsa
Salts that contain water of crystallization are said to be hydrated. Water of crystallization is the water molecules that are tightly bound to the salt molecules in a crystal structure. These water molecules can be removed by heating or by exposing the salt to dry air. When the water is removed, the salt becomes anhydrous. The number of water molecules present in a hydrated salt is indicated by a dot followed by a number in the chemical formula. For example, CuSO4.5H2O is copper sulfate pentahydrate, which means it contains five molecules of water of crystallization.
Tambaya 7 Rahoto
What is the molecular formula of a compound with empirical CH2O and vapour density of 90? [H = 1, C = 12, O = 16]
Tambaya 8 Rahoto
Which of the following oxides of nitrogen has oxidation number of + 1?
Tambaya 9 Rahoto
Consider the reaction represented by the equation: 2NaHCO3 → Na2CO 3 + H 2O + CO 2. What is the mass of sodium trioxocarbonate (lV) produced by the complete decomposition of 33.6 g of sodium hydrogen trioxocarbonate (IV)? [NaHCO3 = 84, Na2CO3 = 106]
Bayanin Amsa
The balanced equation for the reaction shows that 2 moles of NaHCO3 produce 1 mole of Na2CO3, and the molar mass of NaHCO3 is 84 g/mol. Therefore, 84 g of NaHCO3 will produce 106 g of Na2CO3. To determine the mass of Na2CO3 produced from 33.6 g of NaHCO3, we need to use stoichiometry. 33.6 g NaHCO3 x (1 mol NaHCO3 / 84 g NaHCO3) x (1 mol Na2CO3 / 2 mol NaHCO3) x (106 g Na2CO3 / 1 mol Na2CO3) = 21.2 g Na2CO3 Therefore, the mass of sodium trioxocarbonate (lV) produced by the complete decomposition of 33.6 g of sodium hydrogen trioxocarbonate (IV) is 21.2 g. The correct answer is 21.2 g.
Tambaya 10 Rahoto
The number of particles in one mole of a chemical compound is the
Bayanin Amsa
The number of particles in one mole of a chemical compound is called Avogadro's number. Avogadro's number is a constant that represents the number of particles (such as atoms, molecules, or ions) in one mole of a substance, which is approximately 6.02 x 10^23 particles. This number is used to convert between the number of moles of a substance and the number of particles it contains. For example, one mole of water contains 6.02 x 10^23 water molecules. Therefore, Avogadro's number is the correct option.
Tambaya 11 Rahoto
When protein is heated to a high temperature it undergoes
Bayanin Amsa
When proteins are heated to high temperatures, they undergo denaturation. Denaturation is the process by which a protein loses its three-dimensional structure, which is critical to its function. This change in structure is due to the breaking of the weak bonds holding the protein together, such as hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions. The loss of these bonds causes the protein to unfold and lose its specific shape, which can lead to a loss of function. Denaturation can also be caused by other factors such as changes in pH, exposure to detergents or solvents, or high pressure.
Tambaya 12 Rahoto
Which of the following salts is insoluble in water?
Bayanin Amsa
The correct answer is AgCI. AgCI is insoluble in water because it is a sparingly soluble salt. When AgCI is added to water, it does not dissolve readily and forms a cloudy mixture. The cloudiness is due to the formation of small insoluble particles of AgCI in water. This is because the attractive forces between Ag+ ions and CI- ions in AgCI are stronger than the attractive forces between these ions and water molecules. In contrast, Pb(NO3)2, Na2CO3, and AgNO3 are soluble salts that dissolve readily in water to form clear solutions.
Tambaya 13 Rahoto
Which of the following electronic configurations correctly represents an element in period 3 of the periodic table?
Bayanin Amsa
Period 3 of the periodic table includes the elements sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), and chlorine (Cl). The correct electronic configuration for an element in period 3 should have 3 energy levels and electrons distributed among those energy levels according to the Aufbau principle. Looking at the options given: - represents an element in period 2 as it has only 2 energy levels. - represents the noble gas configuration of the element neon (Ne) in period 2. - represents an element in period 3 with 3 energy levels, where the outermost energy level has 6 electrons (3s2 3p4). This configuration is consistent with the element sulfur (S). - represents an element in period 4 as it has 4 energy levels. Therefore, the correct option representing an element in period 3 is with the electronic configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4.
Tambaya 14 Rahoto
The electron configuration of carbon atom in its excited state is [ 6C]
Bayanin Amsa
The electron configuration of carbon in its ground state is 1s22s22p2. This means that there are two electrons in the 1s orbital, two in the 2s orbital, and two in the 2p orbital. However, the question is asking about the excited state of carbon, which means that at least one electron has been promoted from a lower energy level to a higher energy level. In the case of carbon, one of the electrons in the 2s orbital is promoted to the 2p orbital, resulting in the electron configuration [ 6C] 1s22s12p3. Therefore, the correct answer is 1s22s12px12py12pz1.
Tambaya 15 Rahoto
Which of the following hydroxides will readily dissolved in water?
Bayanin Amsa
NaOH will readily dissolve in water. This is because it is a strong base and its ionic bonds with Na+ and OH- are easily broken in the presence of water, allowing the ions to separate and become hydrated. In contrast, Cu(OH)2, Pb(OH)2, and Zn(OH)2 are relatively insoluble in water, meaning that their ionic bonds are not easily broken and they do not readily dissociate into their constituent ions in water.
Tambaya 16 Rahoto
Consider the reaction represented by the equation: 23892U + 10 → 139 56Ba + 94 36Kr + 31 0n. The reaction represents a
Bayanin Amsa
The reaction shown in the equation 23892U + 10 → 139 56Ba + 94 36Kr + 31 0n represents nuclear fission. Nuclear fission is a process in which a heavy nucleus is split into two or more smaller nuclei and typically releases a large amount of energy in the form of heat and radiation. In this particular reaction, uranium-238 is bombarded with a neutron, which causes it to split into two smaller nuclei (barium-139 and krypton-94) and three neutrons. This process also releases a significant amount of energy in the form of radiation.
Tambaya 17 Rahoto
Which of the following alloys does not contain copper? l. Brass II. Bronze III. Steel
Bayanin Amsa
Steel does not contain copper, so the correct answer is III only. Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, and bronze is an alloy of copper and tin. Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, and may also contain other elements such as manganese, nickel, and chromium.
Tambaya 19 Rahoto
Which of the following ions is isoelectronic with neon? [3Li, 3F, 10Ne, 17CI,19K]
Bayanin Amsa
The question is asking which of the given ions has the same electronic configuration as neon. Neon is a noble gas and has an electronic configuration of 1s22s22p6. Isoelectronic refers to ions or atoms that have the same number of electrons, thus the same electronic configuration. Among the given options, the ion that has the same number of electrons as neon is the one that has 10 electrons in total. Looking at the options, the only ion with 10 electrons is F-. Therefore, F- is isoelectronic with neon. Therefore, the correct option is F-.
Tambaya 20 Rahoto
Which of the statements about the behaviour of the atom is correct?
Bayanin Amsa
The correct statement about the behavior of the atom is that cations are smaller than the parent atom. When an atom loses one or more electrons to form a cation, the number of electrons is less than the number of protons, resulting in a net positive charge. This positive charge attracts the remaining electrons more strongly towards the nucleus, causing the atomic radius to decrease. Therefore, cations are smaller than their parent atoms. Conversely, when an atom gains one or more electrons to form an anion, the negative charge causes the electron cloud to expand, resulting in a larger atomic radius than the parent atom. Hence, the other options are incorrect.
Tambaya 21 Rahoto
Which of the following expressions correctly represents Charles' law?
Tambaya 22 Rahoto
What is the value of -14oC on the Kelvin temperature scale?
Bayanin Amsa
The Kelvin temperature scale is an absolute temperature scale where 0 Kelvin represents the lowest possible temperature (absolute zero). The Kelvin temperature scale is related to the Celsius scale by adding 273.15 to the Celsius value. To convert -14°C to Kelvin, we need to add 273.15 to the value. Thus, -14°C + 273.15 = 259.15 K. Therefore, the value of -14°C on the Kelvin temperature scale is 259 K (option a).
Tambaya 24 Rahoto
A catalyst increases the rate of chemical reaction by
Bayanin Amsa
A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. Activation energy is the energy required to start a chemical reaction. By lowering the activation energy, a catalyst makes it easier for reactant molecules to react and form products. As a result, the reaction can occur more quickly, which increases the rate of the chemical reaction. Therefore, the correct option is "decreasing the activation energy of the reaction".
Tambaya 25 Rahoto
The electron configuration of carbon atom in its excited state is [ 6C]
Bayanin Amsa
The electron configuration of an atom describes the arrangement of electrons in its energy levels or orbitals. The notation [ 6C ] means that the excited carbon atom has six electrons in its outermost energy level, which is the second energy level (n=2). The correct electron configuration for a carbon atom in its excited state is 1s22s12p2. The notation [ 6C ] can be understood as follows: the normal electron configuration for carbon is 1s22s22p2, meaning that it has four electrons in its outermost energy level. By exciting one of the 2s electrons to the empty 2p orbital, the atom now has a total of six electrons in the n=2 energy level, hence the notation [ 6C ]. Option D, 1s22s12px12py12pz1, represents the electron configuration of a carbon atom in its ground state.
Tambaya 26 Rahoto
An element Q forms a compound QCI5. In which group of the periodic table is Q?
Bayanin Amsa
The Roman numeral in the compound QCI5 indicates the oxidation state of element Q in the compound, which is 5. From this information, we can determine the group number of element Q in the periodic table. Group number of an element is equal to its highest oxidation state. Since the oxidation state of element Q in the compound is 5, it belongs to group V of the periodic table. Therefore, the correct answer is V.
Tambaya 27 Rahoto
The major product in the solvay process is
Bayanin Amsa
The Solvay process is a method of producing sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) from brine and ammonia (NH₃). The process involves reacting brine with ammonia to form ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl), which is then reacted with limestone (CaCO₃) to produce carbon dioxide (CO₂), water (H₂O), calcium chloride (CaCl₂), and ammonia. The carbon dioxide is then reacted with the remaining ammonia to produce ammonium bicarbonate (NH₄HCO₃), which is then heated to produce sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), water, and carbon dioxide. Thus, the major product in the Solvay process is Na₂CO₃.
Tambaya 28 Rahoto
Which of the following scientists discovered the neutron?
Bayanin Amsa
James Chadwick discovered the neutron. In the early 1930s, he conducted a series of experiments that led to the discovery of an uncharged subatomic particle within the nucleus of the atom. This particle was later identified as the neutron, which plays a critical role in nuclear reactions and the stability of the nucleus. Chadwick's discovery of the neutron earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1935.
Tambaya 29 Rahoto
Which of the following factors will affect the rate of the reaction represented by the equation? 2HCI(aq) + CaCO 3(s) → CaCI2(aq) + H2O (I) + CO2(g) l. Pressure ll. Concentration III. Nature of reactants IV. Temperature
Bayanin Amsa
The rate of the reaction represented by the equation 2HCI(aq) + CaCO3(s) → CaCI2(aq) + H2O(I) + CO2(g) can be affected by various factors: - Pressure: Pressure affects the rate of a reaction only if there are gases involved in the reaction. In this reaction, CO2 is produced as a gas, so increasing the pressure will increase the rate of the reaction. - Concentration: Increasing the concentration of the reactants will increase the number of collisions between the reactant particles and thus increase the rate of the reaction. - Nature of reactants: The nature of the reactants can affect the rate of the reaction. For example, a reaction involving reactive metals like magnesium will proceed faster than a reaction involving less reactive metals like copper. - Temperature: Increasing the temperature will increase the kinetic energy of the particles, resulting in more collisions and thus increasing the rate of the reaction. Therefore, the factors that will affect the rate of this particular reaction are ll, lll, and IV.
Tambaya 30 Rahoto
How many orbitals are associated with the p-sub energy level?
Bayanin Amsa
The p-sub energy level has a total of three orbitals. These orbitals are represented as Px, Py, and Pz. Each orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons, and together they can hold a total of six electrons. Therefore, the correct answer is 3.
Tambaya 31 Rahoto
What is the percentage by weight of calcium in Ca(OCI)2? [Ca = 40, Cl = 35.5, O = 16]
Tambaya 32 Rahoto
Which of the following elements exhibits the same chemical properties as the atom \(\frac{35}{17}\)X? An element with
Bayanin Amsa
The element with the symbol \(\frac{35}{17}\)X represents an atom of chlorine with 17 protons and 18 neutrons. Elements with the same number of protons have the same chemical properties. Therefore, the answer is (a) an element with atomic number 17, which is chlorine.
Tambaya 33 Rahoto
Which of the following arrangements is in order of increasing ionization energy?
Bayanin Amsa
Tambaya 34 Rahoto
The separation of petroleum fractions depends on the differences in their
Bayanin Amsa
The separation of petroleum fractions is based on their boiling points. The different fractions of petroleum are separated by a process called fractional distillation, where crude oil is heated and vaporized. As the vapor rises through a column, it gradually cools down. As it cools, the vapor condenses into a liquid, and the different fractions with different boiling points condense at different levels in the column. The lighter fractions with lower boiling points, such as gases and liquids like gasoline, condense at the top of the column, while the heavier fractions with higher boiling points, such as liquids like diesel and lubricating oil, condense at lower levels. Thus, the separation of petroleum fractions is dependent on the differences in their boiling points.
Tambaya 35 Rahoto
Which of the following compounds is not a double salt?
Bayanin Amsa
A double salt is a combination of two different salts which crystallize together to form a single substance with a unique formula. The formula of a double salt is a combination of the formulas of the two salts that make it up. From the given options, the compound that is not a double salt is Zn(OH)NO3. This is because it does not contain two different salts that have crystallized together to form a new substance. Rather, it is a single compound containing the elements zinc, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen. Therefore, the answer is: Zn(OH)NO3
Tambaya 36 Rahoto
If 100 atoms of element X contains 70 atoms of 9X and 30 atoms of 11X, calculate the relative atomic mass of X
Bayanin Amsa
To calculate the relative atomic mass of X, we need to take into account the mass and abundance of each isotope of X. We know that element X has two isotopes: 9X and 11X. To calculate the relative atomic mass of X, we can use the formula: Relative atomic mass of X = (mass of 9X x % abundance of 9X) + (mass of 11X x % abundance of 11X) / 100 Substituting the values we have, we get: Relative atomic mass of X = (9 x 70) + (11 x 30) / 100 Relative atomic mass of X = 630 + 330 / 100 Relative atomic mass of X = 9.6 Therefore, the relative atomic mass of X is 9.6.
Tambaya 37 Rahoto
In bonded atoms, increase in electronegativity difference,
Bayanin Amsa
In bonded atoms, the electronegativity difference determines the distribution of electrons between the atoms. When there is an increase in the electronegativity difference between two atoms in a bond, one atom attracts electrons more strongly than the other, resulting in an uneven distribution of electrons. This uneven distribution of electrons leads to an increase in the polarity of the bond, as the atom that attracts electrons more strongly gains a partial negative charge, while the other atom gains a partial positive charge. Therefore, an increase in electronegativity difference increases the polarity of the bond.
Tambaya 38 Rahoto
What is the product of the reaction between propene and 1 mole of hydrogen iodide?
Bayanin Amsa
The reaction between propene and 1 mole of hydrogen iodide results in the addition of the hydrogen iodide molecule to the carbon-carbon double bond in propene. The hydrogen atom adds to one carbon atom of the double bond, and the iodine atom adds to the other carbon atom. As a result, the product formed is CH 3CHICH3, which is 2-iodopropane. Therefore, the correct answer is: the product of the reaction between propene and 1 mole of hydrogen iodide is CH3CHICH3.
Tambaya 39 Rahoto
Which of the following molecules is not linear in shape?
Bayanin Amsa
NH3 is not linear in shape. It has a trigonal pyramidal shape because of the presence of one lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom. The other three bonded hydrogen atoms are at an angle of approximately 107 degrees to each other. CO2, O2, and HCl are all linear in shape.
Tambaya 40 Rahoto
Which of the following noble gases has electronic structure similar to that of N in NH 3? [\(\frac{14}{7}\)N]
Tambaya 41 Rahoto
The following properties are characteristics of transition elements except
Bayanin Amsa
The question is asking which of the given properties is NOT a characteristic of transition elements. Transition elements are a group of elements in the periodic table that have partially filled d orbitals. They have several unique properties, including the ability to form complex ions, form coloured compounds, and exhibit catalytic abilities. However, one property that is not typically associated with transition elements is fixed oxidation states. Unlike many other elements, transition elements can have multiple oxidation states and are not limited to one fixed state. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is "fixed oxidation states."
Tambaya 42 Rahoto
Consider the reaction represented by the equation: 2H2SO 4(aq0 + C(s) → 2H2O(l) + 2SO2(g) + CO 2(g) H2SO 4 is acting as
Tambaya 43 Rahoto
Which of the following substances is the anode in the dry Leclanche cell ?
Bayanin Amsa
In a dry Leclanche cell, the anode is the negative electrode that releases electrons into the external circuit during the cell's discharge. The anode of a dry Leclanche cell is the zinc container. It acts as the negative terminal of the cell and is where the oxidation of zinc metal to zinc ions takes place, producing electrons and zinc ions which move towards the cathode. Therefore, the correct option is zinc container.
Tambaya 44 Rahoto
Which of the following raw materials is used in the plastic industry ?
Bayanin Amsa
Ethene is the raw material used in the plastic industry. Ethene, also known as ethylene, is a hydrocarbon with the formula C2H4. It is produced from the cracking of petroleum fractions or natural gas. Ethene is a monomer that can be polymerized to form polyethylene, which is a versatile plastic used in a wide range of applications, from packaging materials to toys and medical devices. Calcium, hydrogen, and methane are not typically used as raw materials in the plastic industry.
Tambaya 45 Rahoto
How many protons does 4020Ca contain?
Bayanin Amsa
The atomic number of an element is defined as the number of protons in the nucleus of its atom. In the symbol 4020Ca, 20 is written as a subscript, which represents the atomic number of calcium. Therefore, the number of protons in the nucleus of 4020Ca is 20. Answer: 20.
Tambaya 46 Rahoto
The product of the reaction between C 2H5OH and concentrated H2SO 4 at 170oC is
Tambaya 48 Rahoto
Which of the following statement is correct? The solubility of
Tambaya 49 Rahoto
Which of the following elements has the electronic configuration:1s22s22p63s23p1? [11Na, 13A1,
14N,16S]
Tambaya 50 Rahoto
Ethanol reacts with excess acidified K2Cr 2O7 to produce
Bayanin Amsa
Ethanol reacts with excess acidified K2Cr 2O7 to produce ethanoic acid. This reaction is an oxidation reaction, where ethanol is oxidized to ethanoic acid. The K2Cr 2O7 acts as an oxidizing agent and converts the ethanol to ethanoic acid by removing hydrogen atoms from ethanol and adding oxygen atoms to form a carboxylic acid. The other options listed in the question are not produced in this reaction.
Tambaya 51 Rahoto
Dry hydrogen chloride when dissolved in methylbenzene
Bayanin Amsa
Dry hydrogen chloride gas (HCl) when dissolved in methylbenzene does not affect litmus paper. This is because methylbenzene is a non-polar solvent and does not contain water, which is required for litmus paper to change color. Therefore, litmus paper cannot be used to test the acidity or basicity of the solution.
Tambaya 52 Rahoto
A consequence of global warming is
Bayanin Amsa
A consequence of global warming is flooding. Global warming causes the temperature of the earth to rise, leading to the melting of glaciers and ice caps, which increases the volume of water in the oceans. This increase in water level leads to flooding in low-lying areas and coastal regions. Additionally, global warming can cause more intense and frequent weather events, such as hurricanes and heavy rainfall, which can also lead to flooding.
Tambaya 53 Rahoto
How many molecules are there in 14 g of nitrogen at s.t.p.? [N = 14, Avogadro's constant = 6.02 x 1023 mol-1]
Bayanin Amsa
Tambaya 54 Rahoto
(a) (i) State Boyle's law.
(ii) Give the mathematical expression of Boyle's law.
(iii) Sketch the graphical representation of Boyle's law.
(b) A given mass of gas occupied 500 cm3 at 30°C and 6.5 x 104 Nm\(^{-2}\). Calculate the volume of the gas at s.t.p. [ Standard pressure = 1.01 x 105 Nm\(^{-2}\)]
(c) Explain why an inflated balloon expands in warm water.
(d)(i) What is meant by the term vapour density? (ii) Determine the vapour density of SO\(_{2}\). [ S = 32, O = 16 ]
(e)(i) Which of the following gases, SO\(_{2}\) and NH\(_{3}\) can be collected by I. upward delivery; II. downward delivery?
(ii) What would be the nature of the solution formed by dissolving each of the following substances in water separately. I. SO\(_{2}\) II. NH\(_{3}\)
(iii) State the property exhibited by SO\(_{2}\) and NH\(_{3}\) in the following equations:
I. 2H\(_{2}\)S\(_{(aq)}\) + SO\(_{2(g)}\) \(\to\) 3S\(_{(s)}\) + 2H\(_{2}\)O\(_{(/)}\)
II. 3CuO\(_{(s)}\) + 2NH\(_{3(g)}\) \(\to\) 3Cu\(_{(s)}\) + 3H\(_{2}\)O\(_{(/)}\) + N\(_{2(s)}\).
(f) State two alloys of tin.
(ii) Give one use of each of the alloys in (f)(i).
Bayanin Amsa
None
Tambaya 55 Rahoto
(a)(i) Outline a suitable procedure for the preparation of ZnCl\(_2\) crystals stating from zinc granules.
(ii) Write a balanced equation for the reaction in (a)(i).
(b) Considei' the following solutions: Na\(_2\)SO\(_{4(aq)}\), CH3COOK\(_{(aq)}\), Pb(NO\(_3\))\(_{2(aq)}\) and MgCl\(_2\). Which of them has/have a pH
(i) greater than 7;
(ii) equal to 7;
(iii) less than 7?
(c)(i) Determine the oxidation number of Mn in I. MnO\(_2\); II. KMnO\(_4\).
(ii) State one laboratory use of each of the .compounds in (c)(i).
(d) Explain why oxidation and reduction processes are complementary.
(e) Consider the reaction represented by the equation: Fe\(_{(s)}\) + 2Ag\(^+_{(aq)}\) \(\to\) Fe\(^{2+}_{(aq)}\) + 2Ag\(_{(s)}\)
(i) Write a balanced ionic half equations for the reaction.
(ii) Which of the species is I. oxidized; II. reduced?
(iii) State the change in the oxidation number of silver during the reaction.
Bayanin Amsa
None
Tambaya 56 Rahoto
TEST OF PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE QUESTION
Burette readings (initial and final reading) must be given to two decimal places. Volume of pipette used must also be recorded but no account of experimental procedure is required. All calculations must be done in your answer book.
A is 0.0950 mol dm\(^{-3}\) HCI. B is a solution 13.50g dm\(^{-3}\) of X\(_2\)CO\(_3\).10H\(_2\)O.
(a) Put A into the burette and titrate it against 20.0 cm\(^3\) or 25.0 cm\(^3\) portions öf B using methyl orange as an indicator. Tabulate your readings and calculate the average volume of A used.
(b) From your results and the information provided above, calculate the;
(i) concentration of B in mol dm\(^{-3}\);
(ii) molar mass of X\(_2\)CO\(_3\).10H\(_2\)O in g mol\(^{-1}\);
(iii) percentage by mass X in X\(_2\)C)\(_3\).10H\(_2\)O. [H = 1, C = 12, O = 16]. The equation for the reaction involved in the titration is 2HCl\(_{(aq)}\) + X\(_2\)CO\(_3\).10H\(_2\)O\(_{(aq)}\) \(\to\) 2XCl\(_{(aq)}\) + 11H\(_2\)O\(_{(l)}\) + CO\(_{2(g)}\)
Tambaya 57 Rahoto
(a) State Gay Lussac's Law.
(b) Carbon (II) oxide reacted with oxygen to form carbon (IV) oxide in a see tube.
(i) Write a balanced equation for the reaction.
(ii) If 40 cm\(^3\) of the carbon (II) oxide were mixed with cm\(^3\) of oxygen,
I. calculate the volume of carbon (IV) oxide produced
II. which reactant is in excess and how much?
III. what was the total volume of the gaseous mixture at the end of the reaction?
(c) Consider the following oxides: CaO, SiO\(_2\), CO, NO\(_2\) and ZnO. Which of the oxide(s)
(i) is an acidic oxide that is insoluble in water?
(ii) reacts with water to give alkaline solution?
(iii) is amphoteric?
(iv) is neutral?
(v) is/are gaseous at room temperature?
(d) Explain why
(i) colourless concentrated trioxonitrate (V) acid turns yellow,
(ii) dilute trioxonitrate (V) acid does not liberate hydrogen when it reacts with magnesium.
(e) Write a chemical equation for the thermal decomposition of (i) Cu(NO\(_3\))\(_{2(g)}\)
(ii) NH\(_4\)NO\(_{3(g)}\)
Bayanin Amsa
None
Tambaya 58 Rahoto
(a)(1) Define each of the following terms: I. deliquescence; II. efflorescence.
(ii) Give one example I substance that undergoes each of the processes in (a)(i).
(b) Outline how three colourless gases suspected to be ethane, ethene and ethyne could be distinguished in the laboratory.
(c)(i) What is water crystallization?
(ii) Hydrated calcium chloride (CaCl\(_2\) = 111, xH\(_2\)O) contains 49.32% water of cystallization. Calm the value of x. [ (CaCl\(_2\) = 111, H\(_2\)O = 18 ]
(d) Name one calcium compound used (i) in the manufactur cement; (ii) as a dessicant; (iii) in the production of plaster of Paris (POP);
(iv) to neutralise acidic soils
(e) A concentrated solution of sodium chloride was electrolysed using graphite electrodes.
(i) State the ions present in the solution
(ii) Name the products at the I. anode, II. cathode.
(iii) Give the by-product of the electrolysis.
Tambaya 59 Rahoto
TEST OF PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE QUESTION
(a) List three pieces of apparatus required for the evaporation of sodium chloride solution to dryness.
(b)(i) List two normal salts which when dissolved in water turn red litmus blue.
(ii) State the phenomenon that is responsible for the action on the litmus in (b)(i).
(c) State what would be observed on adding BaCl\(_2\) solution to a portion of a saturated Na\(_2\)CO\(_3\), followed by dilute HCI in excess.
(i) A gas Q decolourized acidified KMnO\(_4\) solution. Suggest what Q could be.
Bayanin Amsa
None
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