JAMB UTME - Literature In English - 2020

This question is based on William Shakespeare's Hamlet.
Claudius, though a murderer, is presented as a character

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Claudius, the murderer of King Hamlet, is presented as a character with a living conscience that torments him. This means that he is aware of the wrongs he has done and feels guilty for them. This guilt causes him distress and haunts him throughout the play, causing him to constantly seek redemption and forgiveness. Despite his actions, he is not portrayed as a completely evil character, but rather as a complex figure with both good and bad traits.

This question is based on General Literary Principles
Empathy is achieved when the audience

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Empathy is achieved when the audience vicariously participates in the stage experience. This means that the audience is able to connect with the characters, understand their emotions and motivations, and experience the events of the play as if they were a part of them. Through this vicarious participation, the audience is able to feel a sense of empathy towards the characters, which means they can feel what the characters are feeling and become emotionally invested in their story. It is not achieved by feeling betrayed by the director, denouncing and humiliating the protagonist, or attacking the character foil.

This question is based on Buchi Emecheta's Second Class Citizen.
For her act of child neglect, Adah's mother was forced by the police to

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This question is based on selected poems from D. Ker, C. Maduka et al (eds.): New Poetry from Africa, Wole Soyinka (ed.): Poems of Black Africa, K.E. Senanu and T. Vincent (eds.): A Selection of African poetry and E.W. Parker (ed.) A Pageant of Longer Poems.

'I hear your call
I hear if far away
I hear it break the circle'
The device in which the first two words of the lines above from Okara's 'The Call of the River NUN' are invaried while the rest very is called

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The device in which the first two words of each line are invaried while the rest of the line varies is called "Repetition". In this specific example, the repetition of "I hear" at the beginning of each line creates a musical and rhythmic effect, which emphasizes the importance of the call the speaker is hearing. This repetition helps to unify the poem and emphasizes the significance of the message being conveyed. Repetition is a common technique in poetry and can be used to create a variety of effects, such as rhythm, emphasis, and reinforcement of key themes. Overall, the use of repetition in Okara's poem reinforces the idea of a powerful and persistent call that cannot be ignored.

This question is based on General Literary Principles.

A literary work in which the characters and events are used as symbols is known as

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The literary work in which characters and events are used as symbols is called an allegory. In an allegory, the characters and events represent abstract ideas or concepts, often with a moral or political message. For example, in George Orwell's "Animal Farm," the farm animals represent different groups of people, and their struggle for power and equality symbolizes the Russian Revolution and the rise of communism. Similarly, in John Bunyan's "The Pilgrim's Progress," the journey of the protagonist, Christian, represents the journey of the soul towards salvation. In an allegory, the characters and events have a deeper meaning beyond their literal interpretation, and the story often serves as a commentary on real-life situations or issues.

This question is based on General Literary Appreciation.

"Serrated shadows, through dark leaves
Til, bathed in warm suffusion of your
dapped cells
Sensation pained me, faceless, silent
as night thieves."
Wole Soyinka: Night

The dominant mood in the lines above is one of

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The dominant mood in the lines from Wole Soyinka's poem "Night" is apprehension. The description of "serrated shadows" and the use of words like "pained" and "night thieves" create a sense of unease and danger. The speaker seems to be experiencing a sensation that is overwhelming and potentially threatening. The darkness and silence of the night also contribute to the mood of apprehension, as the speaker may feel vulnerable and alone in this environment. Overall, the language and imagery in these lines convey a mood of anxiety and uncertainty.

This question is based on Femi Osofisan's Morountodun.
The frequent intervention of the Director makes the stage experience of Morountodun very

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In the novel "Piggy's" glasses symbolizes

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This question is based on Literary Principles.
'They came for him that Sunday. He had just returned from a night's vigil on the mountain. He was resting on his bed, Bible open at the Book of Revelation, when two police constables, one tall, the other short, knocked at the door.'
Ngugi, 'Petals of Blood'
The writer of the passage above arrests the interest of the reader by employing

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The writer of the passage above arrests the interest of the reader by employing a "suspenseful opening." By starting the passage with the sentence "They came for him that Sunday," the writer immediately creates a sense of mystery and tension, making the reader curious to know who "they" are and who "he" is. The subsequent details of the passage, such as the fact that "he" had just returned from a night's vigil on the mountain and was resting on his bed with an open Bible, add to the intrigue and heighten the sense of suspense. The use of suspenseful opening is a powerful technique in storytelling, as it captures the reader's attention and encourages them to keep reading to find out what happens next. It can be accomplished through various means, including the use of action, mystery, and unexpected events. In this particular passage, the use of a suspenseful opening immediately draws the reader into the story and sets the tone for what is to come.

Based on Ernest Hemingway's The Old Man and The Sea,Santiago's second dream occurs

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According tp Peter's The Panic of Growing Older at twenty a man is

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According to Peter's "The Panic of Growing Older", at twenty years old, a man is typically "hopeful". This means that they have a positive outlook on life and their future, and are generally optimistic about what lies ahead. This is a common trait among young people who are just starting out in life, as they have not yet experienced the full range of challenges and setbacks that can come with age. The poem suggests that as people grow older, they may become more jaded or disillusioned, and lose some of the hopefulness that they once had in their youth.

This question is based on General Literary Principles and Appreciation.
''From here the island of Fogo is a presence
At Sunset
The palm trees are slow singers of farewell
The sail on the sea
Writes in geometry of spume
- departure of he who remains
And the clouds carried by incessant soft breezes
-journey of he who never left!''
Which of the following figures of speech is used prominently in the poem?

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The figure of speech prominently used in the poem is personification. Personification is a literary device in which an inanimate object or abstract concept is given human qualities or characteristics. In the poem, the island of Fogo is described as a "presence," which suggests that it has a personality or consciousness. The palm trees are described as "slow singers of farewell," which gives them a human-like quality of singing. The sail on the sea "writes in geometry of spume," which is a way of saying that the sail leaves a trail in the water, but it is described in a way that suggests it is a deliberate act of writing. Finally, the clouds are described as being "carried by incessant soft breezes," which suggests that the clouds are alive and being carried by something. All of these descriptions are examples of personification, as they give human-like qualities to non-human things.

This question is based on Ayi Kwei Armah's 'The Beautiful Ones Are Not Yet Born.'
The destruction of the conch along with Piggy's death in the novel suggests

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The destruction of the conch along with Piggy's death in Ayi Kwei Armah's "The Beautiful Ones Are Not Yet Born" suggests degeneration into chaos. The conch was a symbol of order and civilization, and its destruction represents the breakdown of these values. Piggy's death further underscores this, as it shows the increasing violence and loss of reason among the characters. These events suggest that the society depicted in the novel is descending into chaos and disorder, rather than the victory of one character over another.

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According to Ayi Kwei Armah's novel "Fragments", an individual who stays apart from their society is likely to be alienated by that society. The novel portrays the protagonist, Baako, as a young man who is disillusioned with his community's values and traditions, and decides to withdraw from it to seek his own path. However, this decision brings him into conflict with his family and friends, who see his behavior as a rejection of their way of life. Over time, Baako begins to feel isolated and disconnected from the world around him, leading to a sense of alienation and sadness. Therefore, the novel suggests that individuals who stay apart from their society may face social rejection and emotional hardship.

This question is based on J.C Graft's Sons and Daughters
,Now look what we have:a permanent bloom of ugly paper flowers!'
The device used by Aaron in the excerpt above is

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'I am informed the day recycles itself today
when I slept in the Lord in February
I blame no one for an untimely death
I bless Good for a noble departure-His words
The lord taketh the righteous away before evil days
The lines above express

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The characterisation of Othello maybe pointed out in that__________

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The characterization of Othello can be pointed out in that he remains at a distance from much of the action that concerns and affects him at the beginning, he refuses to appoint Lago as the Lieutenant, although he is a cultural outsider in Venice, his military skills are valuable to the State, and Lago sees him as an enemy. Othello is portrayed as a complex character who is initially presented as a calm, confident, and respected military leader. However, as the play progresses, we see his character become consumed by jealousy, which ultimately leads to his tragic downfall. At the beginning of the play, Othello remains at a distance from much of the action that concerns and affects him, demonstrating his stoic and restrained nature. He also shows his strength of character by refusing to appoint Lago as the Lieutenant, despite pressure from others to do so. This decision highlights his strong sense of fairness and his ability to make tough decisions. Despite being a cultural outsider in Venice, Othello is highly respected for his military skills, which are valuable to the state. However, Lago sees him as an enemy and plots to destroy him by manipulating his emotions and exploiting his insecurities. Overall, Othello is a tragic hero whose downfall is brought about by his own flaws and the machinations of those around him.

These questions are based on Literary Appreciation

Don't panic. Be calm. If you are somehow upset... try to regain you exposure.
The speaker in the excerpt above is

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The speaker in the excerpt is advising someone to stay calm and not panic. They suggest that if the person is upset, they should try to regain their composure. The tone of the statement is reassuring and confident, indicating that the speaker is trying to provide guidance and support to the person who is feeling uneasy. Therefore, the speaker seems to be confident and composed, not uncertain, afraid, or hopeless.

This question is based on General Literacy Principles

A literacy device wherein the author places a person, concept, idea or theme parallel to another is ________?

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The literary device where an author places two or more people, concepts, ideas or themes side by side in order to compare or contrast them is called "juxtaposition". This technique allows the reader to see the similarities or differences between the subjects being compared, and can help to highlight certain qualities or characteristics. For example, a writer might use juxtaposition to compare a wealthy character with a poor one, in order to emphasize the differences in their lifestyles and priorities. Alternatively, they might use juxtaposition to place two opposing ideas or concepts together, in order to create tension or irony in their writing.

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The line "He is a faithful liar" is an example of an oxymoron. An oxymoron is a figure of speech that combines contradictory terms to create a new meaning. In this case, the words "faithful" and "liar" are contradictory because being faithful means being truthful and reliable, while being a liar means the opposite, being dishonest and untrustworthy.

' Chief, the buys are getting more expensive to handle. They continue to demand for increased pay and you know what you give for expenses. Please try and look into a possible increases in the overhead allocation.
This smuggling racket is becoming too hot to handle you know, the risk involved'.

The scene of the conversation in the excerpt above is

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"Why should I play the Roman fool, and die
On mine own sword?"

Based on William Shakespeare's Macbeth,playing the Roman fool from the above statement implies

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This question is based on General Literary Principles.
The technique used in bringing the plot of a play to an abrupt end is called

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This question is based on selected poems from Wole Soyinka (ed.) Poems of Black Africa and D.I. Nwoga (ed.) West African Verse.
'...Tide and market come and go
And so shall your mother.'
The above lines from J.P. Clark's 'Streamside
Exchange' depict the

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The above lines from J.P. Clark's 'Streamside Exchange' depict the constancy of nature. The poet uses the imagery of the tide and market coming and going to illustrate the cyclical and unchanging nature of life. Just as the tide and market are recurring phenomena, so is the cycle of birth and death. The poet also makes reference to "your mother" which may be interpreted as a metaphor for the natural world that sustains us. Thus, the lines suggest that although life may seem fleeting and transitory, there is a sense of continuity and permanence in the natural world.

This question is based on Femi Osofisan's Morountodun.
....We have no electric, and we still drink tanwiji from the stream. Many of our children are in jail... We protested and your police mounted expeditions to maim us and reduce our houses to ashes...'
The images depicted are those of

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The images depicted in the quote from Femi Osofisan's Morountodun are those of suffering and brutality. The lack of electricity and the need to drink from the stream show poverty and hardship. The mention of children being in jail and the police using violence against the protesters highlights the brutality faced by the people. These images paint a picture of suffering and oppression, not opulence and prosperity.

This question is based on Wole Soyinka's The Lion and the Jewel.
Lakunel is presented as a

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This question is based on Chinua Achebe's Arrow of God
'The crisis over the New Yam Feast arose because

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This question is based on selected poem from Ker, D. et al (eds.):New Poetry from Africa; Soyinka, W. (ed.):Poems of Black Africa; Senanu, K.E. and Vincent, T. (eds):A selection of African poetry; Umukoro, M. et al (eds.): Exam Focus Literature in English; Eruvbetine, A.E. et al (eds.); Longman Examination Guides; Nwoga, D.I.(ed.); West Africa Verse and Adeoti G.: Naked Soles
'The silence of the battlefield heralds the widow's anguish.'
The widow in the lines above in Launko's End of the War is in anguish because of the

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These question are based on selected poems from Ker, D.et al (eds.)New poetry from Africa; Soyinka, (ed.): Poems of Black Africa; Senanu K.E. and Vincent, T.(eds.): A Selection of African poetry;Umukoro, M et al (eds.): Exam focus:Literature in English: Eruvbetine, A.E.et al (eds): Longman Examination Guide and Nwoga, D.I. (eds.): West African Verse.

The poet persona in Marvell's To His Coy Mistress is willing to praise the ladies eyes for

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This question is based on General Literary Principles
In literary convention, 'aside' is used to

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An "aside" in literary convention refers to a brief comment or statement made by a character in a play, which is intended to be heard by the audience but not by the other characters on stage. It's used to reveal the character's thoughts, feelings, or motives and to provide the audience with additional insight into the character and the situation. An aside is typically used to make a pointed remark or to express the character's innermost thoughts and feelings in a way that adds depth and nuance to the scene.

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The play portrays the judiciary as corrupt and weak. This means that the play presents the judiciary as an institution that is not functioning properly, and is instead being influenced by outside forces, such as money or political power. The judiciary is depicted as being unable to make fair and impartial decisions, and instead being swayed by those who hold influence over it.

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These questions are based on Buchi Emecheta's The Joy of Motherhood.

In the novel Nwokocha Agbadi is famous for his oratorical power and

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This question is based on General Literary Principles.
The literary term which describes the angle at which a writer tells his story is

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The literary term that describes the angle at which a writer tells his or her story is called the point of view. Point of view refers to the perspective or vantage point from which a story is told. It can be first-person, where the narrator is a character in the story and uses "I" and "we" to tell the story. It can also be third-person, where the narrator is not a character in the story and uses "he," "she," and "they" to describe the characters and events. Third-person point of view can be limited, where the narrator only knows the thoughts and feelings of one character, or omniscient, where the narrator knows everything about all the characters. The choice of point of view can have a significant impact on how the story is perceived by the reader, and can affect the level of intimacy and objectivity of the narration.

This question is based on Thomas Hardy's The Mayor of Casterbridge.
The statement, 'Time the magician, had wrought much here' is made when

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The statement, "Time the magician, had wrought much here" is made when Susan Newson sees Henchard at Casterbridge. This statement is a reflection on the passage of time and how it has changed the town and its people, including the main character Michael Henchard. Susan Newson's return to Casterbridge after many years is a reminder of how much has changed and how time has had a transformative effect on the town and its inhabitants. The statement is not made during Elizabeth-Jane's discovery of her true father, Farfrae's marriage to Elizabeth-Jane, or Farfrae's becoming the Mayor of Casterbridge.

This question is based on Literary Appreciation
'Thathat is why wwe must acc-c-cept the universal d-d-dome,b-b-because ththere is no d-d-d-direction. The b-b-bridge is the d-d-dome of rreligion and b-b-bridges d-ddon't jjjust g-g-go from hhhere to ththere; a birdge also faces backwards'
Wole Soyinka, The Interpreters
The idiolectal feature of the character's speech is the

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The idiolectal feature of the character's speech in the passage is the repetition of initial consonant sounds, also known as stuttering. This is when a speaker repeats the first consonant sound of a word, interrupting the flow of their speech. It is a common speech pattern for people who stutter and can be used to characterize a character or to convey a specific mood or feeling.

This question is based on William Shakespeare' s Twelfth Night.
Not yet old enough for a man, nor young enough for a boy; as a squash is before 't is with him a codling when 't is almost an apple; it is with him in standing water, between boy and man. He is very well-favoured, and he speaks very shrewishly; one would think his mother's milk were scarce out of him.
The images in the quotation above express the speaker' s

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The speaker in the quotation above is expressing a mix of admiration and contempt towards the person being described. The comparison to a squash before it becomes an apple suggests that the person is in a transitional stage, not quite a boy but not yet a man. The speaker finds the person to be attractive, but is critical of the way they speak, suggesting that they are trying too hard to sound mature. The phrase "one would think his mother's milk were scarce out of him" reinforces this idea, as it suggests that the person is still very young and inexperienced despite trying to appear otherwise. Overall, the speaker's mixed feelings towards the person convey a sense of both respect and derision.

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A poem of 14 lines is known as a "sonnet." The sonnet is a popular form of poetry that has been used for centuries. It typically consists of 14 lines and follows a specific rhyme scheme and meter. The most common form of sonnet is the "Shakespearean" sonnet, which is divided into three quatrains (four-line stanzas) and a final couplet (two-line stanza). The rhyme scheme for a Shakespearean sonnet is ABAB CDCD EFEF GG. The sonnet is a versatile form of poetry that has been used to express a wide range of themes and emotions, from love and romance to social commentary and political satire.

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These questions are based on general Literary principles

The repetition of single words or phrases at the beginning of a line is

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