WAEC SSCE - Geography - 1991 (Objective)

The liquid portion of the earth is referred to as the "hydrosphere". The hydrosphere is the part of the Earth's surface where water exists, including oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, and groundwater. It is composed of all the water on the planet, which makes up about 71% of the Earth's surface. The other major spheres of the Earth are the atmosphere, which is the layer of gases that surrounds the planet; the lithosphere, which is the solid outer layer of the Earth's surface; and the biosphere, which is the part of the Earth where life exists. Therefore, the hydrosphere refers specifically to the liquid portion of the Earth, while the other spheres refer to different aspects of the planet.

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Question 4 Report

The longitudinal extent of Nigeria is

8⁰

10⁰

12⁰ Correct answer

14⁰

16⁰

Answer Details

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Question 5 Report

The most important cash crop in the irrigated Nile Basin is

wheat

cotton Correct answer

sugarcane

groundnut

millet

Answer Details

The most important cash crop in the irrigated Nile Basin is cotton. Cotton is a major cash crop in the Nile Basin due to its importance in the textile industry and the high demand for cotton products globally. The Nile Basin region has suitable climatic conditions for cotton cultivation, with sufficient water resources from the river Nile and its tributaries, making it an ideal crop for irrigation. Cotton cultivation in the Nile Basin is an important economic activity, providing employment opportunities for millions of people in the region, and contributing significantly to the economies of countries such as Egypt and Sudan. The region also produces other crops such as wheat, sugarcane, and groundnuts, but cotton remains the most important cash crop due to its economic value and high demand in the global market.

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Question 6 Report

The environmental lapse rate is best described as

a decrease in air temperature by 0. 65 ⁰C per 1000m of ascent in the atmosphere

the rate of temperature changes within the stratosphere

a fall in air temperature by 6.5⁰

a decrease of air temperature by 6.5⁰

a fall in air temperature by 0.6⁰ Correct answer

Answer Details

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Question 7 Report

The most critical element in an ecosystem is the

growth per day

energy flow within the system Correct answer

number of species in the system

extent of area covered by the system

location of the system

Answer Details

The most critical element in an ecosystem is energy flow within the system. An ecosystem is a community of living organisms and their physical environment, which interact with each other to form a functional unit. The ecosystem is sustained by the flow of energy, which is captured by producers (plants) through photosynthesis and then transferred to consumers (animals) through feeding. Energy flow is critical to the functioning of an ecosystem because all living organisms require energy to carry out their metabolic processes. Without energy flow, the ecosystem would collapse, and all the organisms in it would die. While growth per day, the number of species, the extent of area covered, and the location of the ecosystem are all important factors, they are ultimately dependent on the flow of energy. For example, the growth of plants and the survival of animals depend on the availability of energy in the form of food. Similarly, the number and diversity of species in an ecosystem depend on the availability of energy and nutrients. Therefore, energy flow is the most critical element in an ecosystem because it is essential for the survival and functioning of all living organisms within the ecosystem.

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Question 8 Report

A conurbation can best be described as

a very large urban settlement

several towns whos suburbs have expanded and merged to form an urban sprawl Correct answer

two or more towns joined together but each remaining distinct

a continuous belt of urban settlements

an agglomeration of several large settlements

Answer Details

A conurbation is a term used to describe a region or area where several towns and their suburbs have expanded and merged together, forming a continuous urban sprawl. It is characterized by a high population density and economic integration, with people living and working across different towns and cities within the area. A conurbation may consist of two or more towns joined together, but still retaining their distinct identities, or it may be a continuous belt of urban settlements. Essentially, a conurbation is a large metropolitan area formed by the merging of several smaller towns and suburbs.

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Question 9 Report

Which of the following does not intervene in the natural environment?

Construction works

Pollution

Harmattan Correct answer

Land reclamation

Farming

Answer Details

Harmattan is the option that does not intervene in the natural environment. Harmattan is a dry and dusty trade wind that blows from the Sahara desert over West Africa towards the Gulf of Guinea during the winter months. It is a natural occurrence caused by atmospheric pressure differences between the Sahara and the Gulf of Guinea. Unlike the other options listed, harmattan does not involve human activities that have an impact on the natural environment. Construction works, land reclamation, farming, and pollution are all human activities that can have a negative impact on the environment.

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Question 10 Report

Salinity is mainly dependent on!, evaporation,II, the amount of fresh water added III, ocean currents IV winds

I and II only

I, II and III only Correct answer

II and III only

II and IV only

III and IV only

Answer Details

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Question 11 Report

Through which of the following sea routes is Nigerian crude oil transported to European sets? The

Panama Canal

North Altanic route

Cape Atlantic route

Trans-Pacific route

South Atlantic route Correct answer

Answer Details

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Regional Geography

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Question 12 Report

Which of the following does not encourage desertification?

Large- scale irrigation schemes Correct answer

Reduction in mean annual rainfall

Overgrazing and overcultivation

Bush burning

Indiscriminate felling of trees

Answer Details

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Physical Geography

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Question 13 Report

An intrusion of magma along a bedding plane is called a

dyke

batholith

volcanic plug

lava plain

still Correct answer

Answer Details

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Question 14 Report

The isoberlina tree is characteristic of the

sudan savanna

sahel savanna

high forest

fesh water swamp

guinea savanna Correct answer

Answer Details

The Isoberlina tree is characteristic of the Guinea savanna region in Nigeria. Guinea savanna is a transitional zone between the tropical rainforest and the arid Sahel region, and it is characterized by a mixture of grassland and woodland with scattered trees. The Isoberlina tree is a deciduous tree that is well adapted to the Guinea savanna region. It grows in association with other savanna trees such as the shea tree, locust bean tree, and acacia trees. The Isoberlina tree is an important source of firewood, charcoal, and timber, and its leaves are used for medicinal purposes. It is also an important food source for wildlife, especially during the dry season when other vegetation is scarce.

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Question 15 Report

The planet with the longest orbit around the sun is

the Earth

Jupiter

Pluto Correct answer

Mars

Venus

Answer Details

Pluto has the longest orbit around the Sun compared to the other four options given. It takes Pluto approximately 248 Earth years to complete one orbit around the Sun. In contrast, Earth takes about 365 days to complete one orbit around the Sun. This means that Pluto takes almost 248 times longer than Earth to complete one orbit around the Sun. So, Pluto has the longest orbit around the Sun among the five options provided.

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Question 16 Report

The major problem facing livestock farming in East Africa is the

competition for land with arable farmers Correct answer

torrential rainfall which destroys Iivestock

inferior breed of cattle which produces only meat

inadequate veterinary services

Answer Details

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Question 17 Report

The active human population is determined by its

racial combination Correct answer

male-female ratio

age distribution

height difference

density per km²

Answer Details

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Question 18 Report

Water pollution is caused by all the following except

increased silt load

sand filling Correct answer

sewage disposal

industrial effluent

mineral workings

Answer Details

Water pollution is not caused by sand filling. Sand filling, which involves the placement of sand in a specific area to fill in gaps or create land, does not necessarily involve the discharge of pollutants into the water. However, the other options listed - increased silt load, sewage disposal, industrial effluent, and mineral workings - can all contribute to water pollution. Increased silt load can lead to sedimentation, blocking sunlight, and reducing oxygen levels, which can harm aquatic life. Sewage disposal can introduce harmful bacteria and viruses into the water, which can cause diseases in humans and aquatic life. Industrial effluent can contain toxic chemicals and heavy metals that can damage aquatic ecosystems and affect the health of people who consume the contaminated water. Mineral workings can produce acidic runoff that can pollute nearby streams and rivers, killing fish and other aquatic organisms.

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Hydrosphere*

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Question 19 Report

Which of the following towns is most important for the mining of gold in Africa?

Jos

Johannesburg Correct answer

Kumasi

Lubumbashi

Pretoria

Answer Details

Johannesburg is the most important town for the mining of gold in Africa. Johannesburg is located in South Africa and is known as the City of Gold because of its rich history and connection to gold mining. It was founded in the late 1800s after gold was discovered in the area, and it quickly became a center for gold mining and related industries. Today, Johannesburg is still an important center for gold mining in Africa, with several large gold mines located in the area.

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Question 20 Report

Which of the following is not important in defining soil?

Colour

Capillary water Correct answer

Texture

Permeability

Porosity

Answer Details

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Elements Of Physical Geography

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Question 21 Report

One major relative advantage of road transportation over rail is that it

is cheaper for heavy bulky goods

provides door-to-door service Correct answer

is less prone to accidents

provides more amenities

is more comfortable

Answer Details

The major relative advantage of road transportation over rail is that it provides door-to-door service. Unlike rail transportation, which is limited to specific stations and depots, road transportation can deliver goods and passengers directly to their desired destination, making it a more convenient and flexible mode of transportation. This also allows for quicker delivery times and more personalized service.

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Transportation

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Question 22 Report

The innermost party of the earth which is rich in iron and nickel and is usually subjected to great heat and pressure is termed the

baryspher

mesophere

lithosphere

hydrosphere

stratosphere Correct answer

Answer Details

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Question 23 Report

Settlements can be classified according to all the following except

shape

age Correct answer

function

population density

location

Answer Details

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Question 24 Report

Transportation helps economic development through all the following except the

movement of people and commodities

promotion of national and international trade

diffusion of ideas and technology

promotion of national integration

distribution of population Correct answer

Answer Details

Transportation helps economic development through all the options given except the distribution of population. Transportation facilitates the movement of people and goods from one place to another, which in turn leads to increased economic activity and development. With transportation, people can travel to new places to find work or start businesses, and goods can be transported to different markets, promoting national and international trade. Transportation also plays a crucial role in the diffusion of ideas and technology, as it allows for the transfer of knowledge and innovation across regions and countries. Additionally, transportation helps promote national integration by connecting different regions of a country and allowing people to move freely between them. However, transportation may not necessarily contribute to the distribution of population, as people tend to migrate to areas with better economic opportunities, regardless of whether there is adequate transportation infrastructure or not. Therefore, transportation may not directly impact the distribution of population in a significant way.

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Question 25 Report

Which of the following environmental hazards has been paired with the wrong factor?

Coastal erosion and wave action

Drought and climate

Floods and human factor only Correct answer

Deforestation and human factor only

Soil erosion and physical/human factors

Answer Details

The environmental hazard that has been paired with the wrong factor is "Floods and human factor only." Floods are not caused by human factors alone. Floods can also be caused by natural factors like heavy rainfall, snowmelt, storm surges, and tsunamis. Human factors can contribute to floods by altering the natural landscape through activities like deforestation, construction, and urbanization. However, natural factors still play a significant role in the occurrence of floods. To summarize, floods are not solely caused by human factors, but rather by a combination of both natural and human factors.

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Question 26 Report

All the following are products of the chemical industry except

synthetic rubber

dye

fertilizers

plastics

alumina Correct answer

Answer Details

Alumina is the product of the aluminum industry and not the chemical industry. Therefore, the correct answer is Alumina. The chemical industry is responsible for producing a wide range of products, including synthetic rubber, dye, fertilizers, and plastics. These products are made through a variety of chemical processes and are used in a wide range of applications across different industries. Alumina, on the other hand, is produced through the refining of bauxite ore and is primarily used in the production of aluminum.

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Question 27 Report

Which of the factors least affects distribution of vegetation?

Man Correct answer

Rainfaill

Wind

Soil

Temperature

Answer Details

Man (human activities) is the factor that least affects the distribution of vegetation. While humans can certainly have an impact on the environment and ecosystems through activities like deforestation, land-use changes, and pollution, their impact is generally localized and can be limited in scale. In contrast, the other factors listed - rainfall, wind, soil, and temperature - are all natural factors that have a significant influence on the distribution of vegetation. For example, different types of vegetation are adapted to specific temperature ranges, rainfall levels, and soil conditions. Wind can also affect vegetation distribution by drying out plants or damaging them physically. Therefore, while humans can have an impact on vegetation distribution, their impact is generally less significant than natural factors such as rainfall, wind, soil, and temperature.

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Question 28 Report

Which of the following is not one of the aims and objectives of the ECOWAS? To

improve trade between the member states

have a common currency in due course

encourage emigration of people in all member states Correct answer

have cultural and educational co-operation

have a common fund for helping the needy

Answer Details

The aim of ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States) is to promote economic integration among its member states in West Africa. The organization seeks to achieve this through the establishment of a common market, harmonization of economic policies, and the removal of trade barriers among member states. Additionally, ECOWAS aims to improve political stability and security in the region, promote cultural and educational cooperation, and provide a common fund to help the needy. Therefore, the option that is not one of the aims and objectives of ECOWAS is "encourage emigration of people in all member states."

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Question 29 Report

Which of the following regions in Nigeria is not sparsely populated? The

Niger delta

Sahel region of Borno State

Muri planis of the Middle Benue Valley

Eastern scarpland Correct answer

Eastern borderlands

Answer Details

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Question 30 Report

In 1985 Anambra State with a land area of about 17.700km² had a population of about 6,175,000 what was the approximate population density per km²?

320

349 Correct answer

229

Answer Details

To calculate the population density, we divide the population by the land area: Population density = Population / Land area Substituting the given values, we have: Population density = 6,175,000 / 17,700 Population density = 348.87 people per km² (rounded to the nearest whole number) Therefore, the approximate population density per km² is 349 people. Answer option (iv) is the correct answer.

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Question 31 Report

When a plateau is enclosed by fold mountains it is alled

a volcanic plateau

a tectonic pleteau

an intermont pleteau Correct answer

a dissected pleteau

an extensive pleteau

Answer Details

When a plateau is enclosed by fold mountains it is called an intermontane plateau. This type of plateau is usually formed due to tectonic activities where the plateau is lifted up by folding and faulting of the earth's crust. The fold mountains that enclose the plateau act as natural boundaries, and the plateau may have a flat or undulating surface. Intermontane plateaus are often rich in minerals due to their geological formation and can be found in various parts of the world, including the Rocky Mountains in North America and the Tibetan Plateau in Asia.

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Question 32 Report

All the following highlands in Nigeria are composed of basement complex rocks except the

North- central highlands

Wester highlands

Udi-Nsukka plateau Correct answer

Easter hihlands

Obudu plateau

Answer Details

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Question 33 Report

The greatest hydro-electric power potential in Nigeria is found in the

Sokoto plains

Niger-Benue trough Correct answer

Cross River Basin

Chad Basin

Eastern highlands

Answer Details

The greatest hydro-electric power potential in Nigeria is found in the Niger-Benue trough. This is because the Niger-Benue trough is a geological feature that runs through the center of Nigeria, and it is characterized by several large rivers and reservoirs that can be used for hydro-electric power generation. The major rivers in this trough include the Niger, Benue, and Kaduna rivers, which have the potential to generate a significant amount of electricity. Additionally, there are several dams and hydro-electric power plants located in this region, such as the Kainji, Jebba, and Shiroro dams, which are some of the largest in Nigeria. Therefore, the Niger-Benue trough has the greatest potential for hydro-electric power generation in Nigeria.

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Question 34 Report

Mass movement of weathered materials may be gradual or sudden depending on the I, gradient of the slope and gravitational force 11 weight of the weathered debris III, supply of lubricating moisture by rainwater coupled with gravitation force IV type of weathering which has taken place

l,ll and lll Correct answer

l, ll and lV

l and lv only

ll and lV only

lll and lV only

Answer Details

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Physical Geography

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Question 35 Report

The monthly range of temperature is the

sum of the daily temperature readings for the month

average of the highest and lowest daily temperatures for the month

differences between the highest and lowest daily tempareture for the month Correct answer

total daily temperatures for the month divided by 30

product of the highest and the lowest daily

Answer Details

The monthly range of temperature is the difference between the highest and lowest daily temperatures for the month. This means that for each day of the month, the highest temperature and the lowest temperature are recorded. The range of temperature for the month is then calculated by subtracting the lowest temperature from the highest temperature for the month. For example, if the highest temperature recorded during the month was 30°C and the lowest temperature recorded was 10°C, the range of temperature for the month would be: 30°C - 10°C = 20°C Therefore, the correct answer is "differences between the highest and lowest daily temperature for the month."

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Question 36 Report

The montane vegetation is most widespread on the

Udi plateau

Oban hills

Idanre hills

Mambilla plateau

Adamawa highlands Correct answer

Answer Details

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Question 37 Report

The active human population is determined by its

racial combination Correct answer

male-female ratio

age distribution

height difference

density per km²

Answer Details

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Human Geography

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Question 38 Report

Which of the following statements is not correct?

Igneous rocks are formed by the cooling and solidification of magma

maga is erupted from the interior of the earth

when magma solidifies on the surface of the earth it is called intrusive rock

Mama contains no fossils

magma does not occur in layers Correct answer

Answer Details

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Question 39 Report

Which of the following is a product of chemical weathering?

Scree

Exfoliation dome

Grike Correct answer

Stack

Dyke

Answer Details

The product of chemical weathering is a change in the chemical composition of rocks and minerals, resulting in the formation of new substances. Therefore, the answer to the question would be one of the options that is a result of chemical weathering. Among the options listed, the product of chemical weathering is "Grike." Grike is a solution hollow formed by the chemical weathering of limestone bedrock. As water flows through the cracks and fissures in the rock, it dissolves the rock's calcium carbonate and creates openings and cavities called grikes. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is "Grike."

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Question 40 Report

Most warm ocean currents flow

in tropical seas

on the wesatern coasts of continents

towards the equator

in high latitudes

towards the high latitudes Correct answer

Answer Details

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Question 41 Report

A conurbation can best be described as

a very large urban settlement

several towns whos suburbs have expanded and merged to form an urban sprawl Correct answer

two or more towns joined together but each remaining distinct

a continuous belt of urban settlements

an agglomeration of several large settlements

Answer Details

A conurbation refers to a region that comprises several towns or cities that have grown and expanded to the point where their suburbs have merged, creating a single large urban settlement. Essentially, it's a densely populated area made up of multiple cities and towns that are physically and economically interconnected. So, option B, "several towns whose suburbs have expanded and merged to form an urban sprawl," best describes a conurbation.

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Question 42 Report

What is the local time of a place on longitude 64^{0^{E when the GMT is 10.00a.m?}}

2.16 a.m

5.44 a.m

2.16 p.m Correct answer

4.16 p.m

5.44 p.m

Answer Details

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