The fundamental rights of citizens include rights to ___________

free education, employment and freedom of thought

association, property and social security

Which of the following led to the introduction of indirect rule in Nigeria by the British?

Manpower and personnel shortages

Need for adequate financial resources

Manpower and personnel shortages

Speedy transition to independence

One feature of the federal system of government is that the centre is____________

superior to the other components

inferior to the other components

The goal of the theory of separation of powers is to

make the executive dependent on the legislative

give more powers to the legislative

creates efficiency in the judiciary

A major feature of the pre-colonial Igbo political system was that___________

power was effectively decentralized

it was based on customs and traditions

power was effectively decentralized

All of the following are examples of public corporation in Nigeria EXCEPT?

Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board

Nigerian Steel Development Authority

One major achievement of the Clifford constitution was _________

establishing the legislative council

creating a Northern majority in the legislative council

amalgamating the Northern and Southern provinces

establishing the legislative council

A major feature of the system of government in the Sokoto Caliphate was that

it was based on customs and traditions

power was effectively decentralized

A constitution of any country is basically___________

a guide to how the country should be governed

a document stating what the leaders should do

a document stating how to acquire power

The creation of more states in Nigeria has_______

eliminated ethnic and religious conflicts

reduced the gap between the rich and poor states

increased the powers of the federal government

increased the powers of the states and local government

The body responsible for exercising the functions of local governments in the 1976 reforms was the________

committee of chairmen and supervisory councilors

Political socialization is associated with

the transmission of political values

free choice of party programmes

military takeover of civilian government

the transmission of political values

JAMB UTME - Government - 2018

Question 1 Report

The tenure of the president of the UN Secretary council is__________

one month

six month

two years

one year

Answer Details

The United Nations Security Council president is elected for one month in which it rotates among its members.

Read lesson note on Structures Of Governance (JAMB)

Structures Of Governance

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Question 2 Report

The Yoruba traditional system of government was

monarchical

egalitarian

republican

democratic

Answer Details

The Yoruba traditional system of government was monarchical, meaning that power and authority rested with a king or monarch known as an "Oba." The Oba was believed to be divinely chosen and had considerable control over political, economic, and social affairs within his kingdom. However, the Yoruba system of government also incorporated elements of democracy, as the Oba was advised by a council of chiefs and elders who represented different interest groups within the society. Additionally, the Yoruba people placed a strong emphasis on consensus-building and conflict resolution, which allowed for broad participation in decision-making and contributed to the stability of the system.

Read lesson note on Arms Of Government (JAMB)

Read lesson note on Military Rule In The Candidates’ Respective Countries. (WAEC)

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Arms Of Government

Military Rule In The Candidates’ Respective Countries.

Pre-colonial Political System Of Candidates’ Respective Countries

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Question 3 Report

The development of a classless society is the goal of __________

liberalism

maxism

conservatism

feudalism

Answer Details

The development of a classless society is the goal of Marxism. Marxism is a political and economic theory developed by Karl Marx, which advocates for the creation of a society in which everyone is equal and there are no social classes. According to Marxism, social classes arise from the ownership of the means of production, such as land, factories, and machines. Those who own the means of production, such as the wealthy capitalists, exploit the working class, who do not own the means of production, to generate profit. Marxism seeks to eliminate this exploitation by promoting collective ownership of the means of production, which would lead to the elimination of social classes and a classless society. In a classless society, everyone would have equal access to resources and opportunities, and there would be no exploitation or oppression. Marxism argues that this can only be achieved through a revolution led by the working class, which would overthrow the ruling class and establish a socialist government that would work towards the goal of a classless society.

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Political Ideologies

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Question 4 Report

Power refers to the__________

ability to impose one’s will upon others

duties an individual imposes on himself

legal nature of a constitution

duties political parties demand of their registered members

Answer Details

Power is the capacity of an individual to influence the conduct (behaviour) of others. The term "authority" is often used for power that is perceived as legitimate by the social structure.

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Basic Concepts And Principles Of Government

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Question 5 Report

Public opinion is the view expressed by a_________

few members of the society

few articulate members in the society

majority of the members of a society

group of individuals in the society

Answer Details

Public opinion is the view expressed by the majority of the members of a society. It represents the collective opinion of a group of individuals on a particular topic, issue or event. Public opinion can be shaped by various factors such as personal experiences, cultural values, media influence, and political ideology. It is often measured through surveys, polls, and other forms of social research. Public opinion can have a significant impact on government policies, social norms, and cultural values.

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Public Opinion

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Question 6 Report

A human community that is usually cohesive and homogeneous is a

clan

state

nation

kingship

Answer Details

A human community that is usually cohesive and homogeneous can be referred to as a nation. A nation is a group of people who share a common culture, history, language, and often a common ancestry. They feel a sense of belonging and identity with one another, and consider themselves to be part of the same community. It's important to note that the term "nation" is often used interchangeably with "country," but they are not exactly the same thing. A country is a political entity with defined borders and a government, while a nation is a cultural and ethnic community.

Read lesson note on Pre-colonial Political System Of Candidates’ Respective Countries (WAEC)

Pre-colonial Political System Of Candidates’ Respective Countries

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Question 7 Report

Based on its objectives, the Organization of African Unity can primarily be classified as

a social organization

a political organization

a cultural organization

an economic organization

Answer Details

The Organization of African Unity (OAU) can primarily be classified as a political organization. Its main objective was to promote cooperation and solidarity among African states, and to promote their collective self-reliance. The OAU sought to achieve these goals by fostering cooperation and coordination among African countries on political, economic, and social issues. In this sense, it played a key role in promoting peace, stability, and development in Africa, and in advancing the cause of African unity and independence. Therefore, it is primarily a political organization, with a focus on the promotion of African unity and cooperation on political and economic issues.

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Relations With African Countries

International Organizations

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Question 8 Report

A bye-law is made by

parliament

congress

an electoral college

the local government

Answer Details

A bye-law is made by the local government. Bye-laws are a set of rules and regulations that are made to govern a specific area or community, such as a town, city, or village. These rules are created by the local government, which is the body responsible for managing and administering the affairs of the local community. Local government refers to the elected officials and administrative staff who are responsible for making decisions and implementing policies at the local level. This can include city councils, municipal corporations, or other similar bodies. These officials are elected by the people who live in the area they represent, and they are responsible for creating and enforcing the bye-laws that govern the community. So, if you want to know who makes bye-laws, the answer is the local government.

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Question 9 Report

A typical form of delegated legislation is

acts of parliaments

decree

bye-law

gazette

Answer Details

A typical form of delegated legislation is a bye-law. Bye-laws are regulations made by local councils, government departments or other bodies that have been given the power to make them by a higher authority, usually an Act of Parliament. These bye-laws set out specific rules and regulations for a particular area or issue, and help to ensure that the policies set out by the higher authority are carried out effectively at a local level. Bye-laws can cover a wide range of topics, from parking regulations to waste management. They are an important tool for ensuring that the law is applied in a way that is appropriate to local circumstances and needs.

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Forms Of Government

Public/civil Service Administration

Constitutions

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Question 10 Report

The tenure of the president of the UN Security Council is

one month

six months

two years

one year

Answer Details

The tenure of the President of the United Nations (UN) Security Council is one month. The presidency of the UN Security Council rotates among the 15 members of the Council on a monthly basis, according to the English alphabetical order of their country names. Each member state takes its turn to assume the presidency, which means that each country holds the position for one month throughout the year. During its presidency, the country in charge of the UN Security Council sets the agenda, presides over meetings, and represents the Council in its interactions with other parts of the UN and the wider world. After one month, the presidency is then transferred to the next country in the alphabetical order of member states' names.

Read lesson note on International Organizations (JAMB)

International Organizations

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Question 11 Report

In the old Oyo empire, the Ajele

mobilized the army

ensured good governance of the district

was the head of the army

ensured the safety of the trade routes

Answer Details

In the old Oyo empire, the Ajele were responsible for ensuring the good governance of the district and ensuring the safety of the trade routes. They were not responsible for mobilizing the army or being the head of the army. The Ajele were appointed by the Alaafin (the king of the Oyo empire) to serve as his representatives in the provinces. They were responsible for overseeing the administration of the district, including the collection of taxes, settling disputes, and maintaining law and order. They were also responsible for protecting the trade routes within their district, which were crucial for the economic well-being of the empire. The Ajele played an important role in maintaining the stability and prosperity of the Oyo empire.

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Pre – Colonial Polities

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Question 12 Report

Nigeria’s membership of the ECOWAS is informed by her desire to___________

develop a market in the sub-region

form sub-regional high command

become a sub-regional power

promote economic integration

Answer Details

In pursuing the goal of regional economic cooperation and development, Nigeria helped create ECOWAS, which seeks to harmonise trade and investment practices for its 16 West African member countries and ultimately to achieve a full customs union.

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Foreign Policy

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Question 13 Report

The operation of the rule of law is abused by the__________

conspiracy by the two house of the legislature to impeach the president

inability of the press to discharge its responsibilities

unfriendly attitude of pressure groups

existence of administrative tribunals and special immunities

Answer Details

The operation of the rule of law can be abused by the existence of administrative tribunals and special immunities. The rule of law is a principle that ensures that all individuals and institutions, including the government, are subject to and abide by the law. This means that everyone is equal under the law and no one is above it. However, the existence of administrative tribunals and special immunities can undermine the rule of law. Administrative tribunals are independent bodies that make decisions on administrative matters, but they often have the power to bypass the regular legal system. Special immunities are privileges granted to certain individuals or institutions, such as government officials, that allow them to avoid being held accountable for their actions under the law. When these mechanisms are misused, they can allow individuals or institutions to escape accountability for their actions and undermine the rule of law. This can lead to corruption, abuse of power, and a lack of trust in the government and legal system.

Read lesson note on Basic Concepts In Government (JAMB)

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Basic Concepts In Government

State Structure And Characteristics Of Government

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Question 14 Report

In the old OYO empire, the Ajele

was the head of the army

ensured the safety of all trade routes

ensured good governance of the districts

mobilized the army

Answer Details

In the old Oyo Empire, the Ajele was responsible for ensuring good governance of the districts. The Ajele was a high-ranking official appointed by the Alaafin (the king) to oversee the administration of a particular district. The Ajele acted as the king's representative and ensured that the people in the district were following the king's laws and policies. The Ajele also collected taxes, resolved disputes, and maintained peace and order in the district. While the Oyo Empire had a standing army, the Ajele did not typically have direct responsibility for mobilizing or commanding military forces. The Oyo Empire was known for its robust trade networks, but the Ajele's responsibilities did not specifically include ensuring the safety of trade routes.

Read lesson note on Pre – Colonial Polities (JAMB)

Read lesson note on Pre-colonial Political System Of Candidates’ Respective Countries (WAEC)

Pre – Colonial Polities

Pre-colonial Political System Of Candidates’ Respective Countries

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Question 15 Report

A true democracy in the modern sense exists where the

elite rules

elected representatives rule

majority of the people vote

majority of the people rule

Answer Details

A true democracy in the modern sense exists where elected representatives rule. In a democratic system, citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf. These elected officials are responsible for creating and implementing laws and policies that reflect the will of the people. The representatives are accountable to the citizens and can be voted out of office if they fail to perform their duties properly. This system allows for the majority of the people to have a say in the decisions that affect their lives, while also ensuring that the government is run by individuals who have been selected through a fair and transparent process.

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Arms Of Government

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Question 16 Report

An important aspect of an unwritten constitution is that it

is easy to understand to everybody

safeguards the monarchy

contains customary laws and conventions

is not easily amended

Answer Details

An unwritten constitution is a constitution not embodied in a single document but based chiefly on custom and precedent as expressed in statutes and judicial decisions. It means that a state or country does not have a single written law functioning as a constitution. In such states, the customs and values, which are expressed in statutes provide the organic and fundamental law of such state.

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Constitutions

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Question 17 Report

A human community that is usually cohesive and homogeneous is a

clan

state

nation

kingship

Answer Details

A nation is a stable community of people, formed on the basis of a common language, territory, history, ethnicity, or psychological make-up manifested in a common culture.

Read lesson note on Basic Concepts In Government (JAMB)

Basic Concepts In Government

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Question 18 Report

A society that is politically organized under a government is called

sovereign state

community

national state

polity

Answer Details

A society that is politically organized under a government is called a polity. This means that there is a system of rules and regulations that guide the behavior of individuals within the society and that these rules are enforced by a centralized authority, such as a government. The term "polity" can be used to describe any form of political organization, from a small town to a large nation-state. It is important to note that a polity may also be referred to as a sovereign state or a national state, but these terms imply additional characteristics, such as a defined territory and recognition by other states.

Read lesson note on Arms Of Government (JAMB)

Read lesson note on Systems Of Governance (JAMB)

Read lesson note on Basic Concepts In Government (JAMB)

Read lesson note on Structures Of Governance (JAMB)

Arms Of Government

Systems Of Governance

Basic Concepts In Government

Structures Of Governance

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Question 19 Report

In a democratic government, franchise is given to all_________

adult citizens

citizens

resident adults

loyal party members

Answer Details

In a democratic government, franchise is given to all adult citizens. This means that if you are a citizen of a country and are above the age of 18 or whatever the legal age for voting in that country is, you have the right to vote in elections and have a say in who represents you in government. Citizenship refers to the legal status of being a member of a particular country, and the term "adult" generally refers to anyone who is 18 years or older. Therefore, it is only fair and just in a democracy that all adult citizens are granted the right to vote and participate in the democratic process. Franchise or the right to vote is an essential part of any democracy, as it allows citizens to choose their leaders, hold them accountable, and have a say in the policies that affect their lives. This is why it is important for all adult citizens to exercise their right to vote and participate in the democratic process.

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Citizenship

Basic Concepts In Government

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Question 20 Report

A government controlled by a few people for their own interests is said to be ____________

Autocracy

a tyranny

Oligarchy

Monarchy

Answer Details

The correct answer is "Oligarchy." Oligarchy is a form of government where a small group of people, often wealthy or powerful individuals, have control and power over the entire country or society. These individuals make decisions that benefit themselves, rather than considering the needs and interests of the broader population. In other words, an oligarchy is a government controlled by a few people for their own interests, which may not align with the interests of the rest of the population. The word "oligarchy" comes from the Greek words "oligos," meaning "few," and "arkhein," meaning "to rule."

Read lesson note on Political Ideologies (JAMB)

Political Ideologies

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Question 21 Report

Bicameral legislatures are popular in____________

Unitary system

Federal system

Confederal

Rigid system

Answer Details

Bicameral legislatures are most commonly found in countries with a federal system of government. In a federal system, power is divided between a central government and regional governments, such as states or provinces. The two chambers of a bicameral legislature often have different functions and may represent different constituencies. For example, in the United States, the Senate represents the interests of the states, while the House of Representatives represents the interests of the people. This allows for a balance of power and helps to ensure that different perspectives are taken into account when making laws. Bicameral legislatures can also be found in some unitary systems, where power is concentrated in a central government but regional governments still have some authority. However, this is less common than in federal systems. Bicameral legislatures are not typically found in confederal systems, where power is held primarily by regional governments. Finally, whether a system is rigid or flexible is not directly related to the presence of a bicameral legislature. A rigid system generally refers to a constitution that is difficult to change, while a flexible system allows for easier changes to the constitution.

Read lesson note on Federal/Unitary Systems Of Government In West Africa (WAEC)

Federal/Unitary Systems Of Government In West Africa

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Question 22 Report

Which of the following countries made up the Casablanca Group?

Liberia, Mali, Egypt

Tunisia, Morocco, Guinea

Mali, Algeria, Egypt

Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Libya

Answer Details

The Casablanca Group, sometimes known as the 'Casablanca bloc', was a short-lived, informal association of African states with a shared vision of the future of Africa and of Pan-Africanism in the early 1960s. The group was composed of seven states led by radical, left-wing leaders largely from North Africa - Algeria, Egypt, Ghana, Guinea, Libya, Mali, and Morocco.

Read lesson note on The Civil Service (JAMB)

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Read lesson note on Political Ideologies (JAMB)

The Civil Service

Process Of Decolonization

Political Ideologies

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Question 23 Report

Nigeria broke diplomatic relations with France in 1961 because of _________

her poor relations with the Francophone countries

France atomic test in the sahara desert

France diplomatic relations with Israel

General de-Gaulle’s negative attitude towards her

Answer Details

In the realm of bilateral relations, Nigeria did not hesitate to break diplomatic ties with France in 1961 when France tested an atomic bomb in the Sahara Desert. The action was against the firm warning by Nigeria having observed that the test was going to be injurious to Nigeria and some other African countries. Thus, Nigeria imposed stern economic measures on France, first banning all ship movements of French origins from navigating the coastal areas of Nigeria.

Read lesson note on Foreign Policy (JAMB)

Foreign Policy

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Question 24 Report

An Agency of the United Nations which specializes in the welfare of children is the _______

WHO

UNESCO

UNICEF

UNDP

Answer Details

The United Nations agency which specializes in the welfare of children is UNICEF. UNICEF stands for the United Nations Children's Fund and it is a specialized agency of the United Nations that was created in 1946 to provide humanitarian aid and assistance to children around the world. UNICEF works to protect children's rights, provide healthcare and nutrition, ensure access to education, and protect children from violence, exploitation, and abuse. UNICEF operates in over 190 countries and territories, working with governments, civil society organizations, and other partners to promote the well-being of children and families. Its work is based on the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, which outlines the basic rights of children, including the right to life, education, and protection from harm.

Read lesson note on International Organizations (JAMB)

International Organizations

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Question 25 Report

In 1991, the African Economic Community Treaty was signed in

Addis Ababa

Abuja

Lome

Tripoli

Answer Details

The African Economic Community (AEC) is an organization of African Union states establishing grounds for mutual economic development among the majority of African states. The AEC founded through the Abuja Treaty, signed in 1991 and entered into force in 1994 is envisioned to be created in six stages:
- (to be completed in 1999) Creation of regional blocs in regions where such do not yet exist
- (to be completed in 2007) Strengthening of intra-REC integration and inter-REC harmonisation
- (to be completed in 2017) Establishing of a free trade area and customs union in each regional bloc
- (to be completed in 2019) Establishing of a continent-wide customs union (and thus also a free trade area)
- (to be completed in 2023) Establishing of a continent-wide African Common Market (ACM)
- (to be completed in 2028) Establishing of a continent-wide economic and monetary union (and thus also a currency union) and Parliament

Read lesson note on Foreign Policy (JAMB)

Foreign Policy

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Question 26 Report

Pressure groups are formed mainly to__________

capture state power

replace bad governments

compete with the military for power

satisfy the needs and interests of members

Answer Details

Pressure groups are formed mainly to satisfy the needs and interests of their members. These groups are organizations that aim to influence policy and decision-making by exerting pressure on government officials and other key decision-makers. They do this by organizing members and supporters to advocate for their shared interests and goals. Pressure groups can represent a wide range of interests, including business, labor, environmentalism, civil rights, and many others. These groups may seek to achieve their goals through various methods, such as lobbying, public demonstrations, media campaigns, and other forms of advocacy. By bringing together individuals who share common concerns and objectives, pressure groups can amplify their members' voices and provide a platform for collective action. In this way, pressure groups can be an effective means of advancing the interests of specific groups and shaping public policy to better serve those interests.

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Pressure Groups

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Question 27 Report

Which of the following is a founding member of OPEC?

Nigeria

Indonesia

Venezuela

Algeria

Answer Details

Venezuela is a founding member of OPEC. OPEC (the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) is a group of countries that work together to regulate the supply and price of oil on the global market. It was established in 1960 by five founding members, including Venezuela, along with Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, and Kuwait. The purpose of the organization was to unify and coordinate the petroleum policies of its member countries and ensure the stabilization of oil markets in order to secure an efficient, economic, and regular supply of petroleum to consumers. Over time, OPEC has grown to include several more member countries, but Venezuela remains one of the original and founding members of the organization.

Read lesson note on International Organizations (WAEC)

International Organizations

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Question 28 Report

Citizenship of a state by descent requires that ___________

one is born and bred in the state

one's mother was born in the state

one's grand parents were citizens of that state

one is domiciled in that state

Answer Details

Citizenship of a state by descent requires that one's parents or ancestors were citizens of that state. This means that if a person's parent or grandparent was a citizen of the state, then that person may be eligible to apply for citizenship by descent. Simply being born or bred in the state or being domiciled in that state does not automatically confer citizenship by descent. It is the lineage or ancestry that determines one's eligibility for citizenship by descent.

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Citizenship

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Question 29 Report

The major difference between a state and a nation is that the latter presupposes a _______

heterogeneous

Homogeneous population

well-defined territory

more organized system

Answer Details

The major difference between a state and a nation is that the latter presupposes a homogeneous population. A state is an organized political entity with a defined territory, a government, and a population. On the other hand, a nation is a group of people who share common cultural, linguistic, or historical characteristics. A nation may or may not have a defined territory, a government, or a state. The key characteristic that distinguishes a nation from a state is the homogeneity of its population. A nation is typically composed of people who share a common language, history, religion, or cultural heritage. In contrast, a state may have a diverse population with different languages, religions, or cultures. For example, the United States is a state with a diverse population, including people of different races, religions, and ethnic backgrounds. In contrast, Japan is a nation with a relatively homogeneous population that shares a common language, culture, and history. Therefore, the concept of a nation presupposes a homogeneous population, whereas a state may or may not have a homogeneous population.

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Read lesson note on Constitutions (WAEC)

Citizenship

Basic Concepts In Government

Constitutions

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Question 30 Report

OPEC has strong influence with the__________

IMF

EU

ADB

AU

Answer Details

OPEC is an economic body formed to meet the interests of petroleum exporting countries in which African nation states are involved and easily influenced by its policies as they are regarded as third world countries.

Read lesson note on International Organizations (WAEC)

International Organizations

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Question 31 Report

The highest decision-making body in Nigeria under the Buhari's military regime was the ________

Armed Forces Ruling Council

Supreme Military Council

National Council of States

Federal Executive Council

Answer Details

The highest decision-making body in Nigeria under the Buhari military regime was the Supreme Military Council (SMC). The SMC was the highest military authority in Nigeria and had the power to make decisions on all matters of national significance, including the country's political, economic, and social affairs. The SMC was made up of the top military officers in Nigeria, including the Chief of Army Staff, Chief of Naval Staff, Chief of Air Staff, and other key military leaders. The SMC was responsible for making all major policy decisions in Nigeria during Buhari's military regime, and its decisions were binding on all other government institutions.

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Organs Of Government

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Question 32 Report

Nigeria is a member of____________

OPEC, NATO and ECOWAS

OAU, the UNO and ECOWAS

ECOWAS, NATO and OAU

The Commonwealth of Nations, OPEC and the OAS

Answer Details

Nigeria is a member of ECOWAS, the OAU (now known as the African Union), and the UNO (now known as the United Nations). ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States) is a regional organization consisting of 15 West African countries, with a mandate to promote economic integration and development in the region. Nigeria is one of the founding members of ECOWAS, and it plays a significant role in the organization's affairs. The OAU (Organization of African Unity) was established in 1963 to promote unity and solidarity among African states and to work towards the decolonization of the continent. The OAU has since been replaced by the African Union, which is a similar organization with a broader mandate. Nigeria was one of the founding members of the OAU and continues to be an active member of the African Union. The UNO (United Nations Organization) is an international organization established in 1945 to promote international cooperation and maintain international peace and security. Nigeria is a member of the UN and has been actively involved in its affairs since gaining independence in 1960. Nigeria is not a member of NATO, the Commonwealth of Nations, or the OAS (Organization of American States). It is, however, a member of OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries), which is a group of 13 oil-producing countries that coordinate their petroleum policies to stabilize oil markets and ensure a regular supply of petroleum to consumers.

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Foreign Policy

International Organizations

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Question 33 Report

The first Head of Government in Nigeria after independence was__________

Nnamdi Azikiwe

Ahmadu Bello

Tafawa Balewa

Herbert Macaulay

Answer Details

The first Head of Government in Nigeria after independence was Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa. He was a Nigerian statesman who was a key figure in Nigeria's struggle for independence from Britain and was the country's first prime minister after independence was achieved in 1960. Balewa was a charismatic and influential leader who played a key role in shaping the course of Nigeria's early years as an independent nation. He worked to build a strong and united Nigeria, and his leadership helped to lay the foundation for the country's continued growth and development.

Read lesson note on Basic Concepts In Government (JAMB)

Basic Concepts In Government

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Question 34 Report

The major motivation of British colonization of Nigeria was to ______________

spread religion

satisfy British economic interests

westernize Nigerians

protect Nigeria from external attack

Answer Details

The major motivation of British colonization of Nigeria was to satisfy British economic interests. During the 19th century, the British were expanding their global trade network and looking for new markets to sell their manufactured goods and acquire raw materials to fuel their industries. Nigeria, with its vast resources of palm oil, groundnuts, cocoa, and rubber, became an attractive target for British trade interests. The British established trading posts and gradually extended their control over the country through treaties and military conquests. They imposed a cash-crop economy on the country, which meant that Nigerians were forced to grow crops for export rather than for their own consumption. This led to the exploitation of Nigerian labor and resources, which greatly benefited the British economy. While the British did spread their religion and westernize Nigerians to some extent, these efforts were secondary to their primary goal of satisfying their economic interests. As for protecting Nigeria from external attack, this was not a significant factor in the British colonization of Nigeria, as the country was not facing any major external threats at the time.

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Imperialist Penetration

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Question 35 Report

The second ballot is based on the principle that a successful candidate must obtain

absolute majority

simple majority

forty percent of the votes

fifty percent of the votes

Answer Details

The second ballot is based on the principle that a successful candidate must obtain an absolute majority. This means that in order to win, the candidate must receive more than half of the total votes cast. In other words, the candidate must get at least 50% plus one of the votes. This ensures that the winning candidate has the support of the majority of the voters, rather than just a plurality of the votes. If no candidate receives an absolute majority in the first round of voting, a second ballot is held between the two candidates who received the most votes, to determine the winner.

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Principles Of Democratic Government

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Question 36 Report

In the cabinet system of government, individual responsibility of ministers means that ____________

only ministers can be held responsible for errors

a minister must hold his subordinates responsible for his failures

the prime ministers can remove an erring minister

no individual can be held responsible for government decisions

Answer Details

Individual ministerial responsibility is a constitutional convention that makes government ministers responsible for not only their own actions, but also for those of their department. It is not to be confused with collective cabinet responsibility, which states that cabinet members must approve publicly of its collective decisions or resign.

Read lesson note on Arms Of Government (JAMB)

Arms Of Government

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Question 37 Report

The role of an Alkali under the Hausa-Fulani political system is primarily to _____________

adjudicate under Islamic laws

make Islamic laws

execute Islamic laws

make treaties under Islamic laws

Answer Details

Under the Hausa-Fulani political system, the role of an Alkali is primarily to adjudicate disputes and resolve conflicts based on Islamic laws and customs. Alkalis are traditionally recognized as judges and arbitrators in their communities, and they are responsible for interpreting and applying Islamic law to resolve disputes between individuals, families, and even entire communities. The Alkali's main responsibility is to ensure that justice is served and that conflicts are resolved peacefully, fairly, and in accordance with Islamic principles. They are expected to be knowledgeable in Islamic law, and they are usually selected based on their reputation for wisdom, fairness, and integrity. While Alkalis may have some influence in the making of Islamic laws and the negotiation of treaties, their primary role is to act as judges and arbitrators in the administration of Islamic justice in their communities.

Read lesson note on Pre-colonial Political System Of Candidates’ Respective Countries (WAEC)

Pre-colonial Political System Of Candidates’ Respective Countries

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Question 38 Report

The citizenship of a country could be acquired through_____________

registration and arbitration

presidential proclamation

birth and naturalization

parliamentary legislation

Answer Details

Citizenship of a country can be acquired through two main ways: birth and naturalization. Birthright citizenship is the most common way of acquiring citizenship, where a person automatically becomes a citizen of a country if they are born within its territorial boundaries or if their parents are citizens of that country. This means that a person can acquire citizenship by simply being born in a particular country or by being born to parents who are citizens of that country. On the other hand, naturalization is the process by which a person who is not a citizen of a country can become one. Naturalization requirements vary by country, but typically involve a period of legal residency, a demonstrated understanding of the country's language, history, and government, and passing a citizenship test. Once these requirements are met, an individual can apply to become a citizen and, if approved, will be granted citizenship. While parliamentary legislation or presidential proclamation can also be used to confer citizenship in certain circumstances, they are not as commonly used as birthright citizenship and naturalization. Registration and arbitration, on the other hand, do not typically confer citizenship on an individual but may be used to resolve disputes related to citizenship.

Read lesson note on State Structure And Characteristics Of Government (WAEC)

State Structure And Characteristics Of Government

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Question 39 Report

The institutions which constitute the main organs of the government of a nation are the ___________

trustee and the presidium

judiciary and the civil service

legislature, the executive and the judiciary

civil service and the senate

Answer Details

The institutions which constitute the main organs of the government of a nation are the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. The legislature is responsible for making laws, which are then implemented by the executive branch. The executive branch, which is led by the head of government (e.g. president, prime minister), is responsible for implementing and enforcing laws, as well as managing the day-to-day affairs of the state. The judiciary, which is typically independent of the other branches, interprets the law and ensures that it is applied fairly and consistently. In this way, the three branches of government work together to ensure that the state functions effectively and that the rights and interests of its citizens are protected. While the civil service and the senate may be important institutions in some countries, they are not the main organs of government in a nation, as they do not have the same level of responsibility and authority as the legislature, executive, and judiciary.

Read lesson note on Basic Concepts In Government (JAMB)

Read lesson note on Organs Of Government (WAEC)

Basic Concepts In Government

Organs Of Government

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Question 40 Report

The main source of local government finance since the 1976 reform has been___________

local rates

levies

revenue from court fines and licences

the federal government

Answer Details

The main source of local government finance since the 1976 reform has been local rates. Local rates are taxes that are collected by local governments on properties within their jurisdiction. This tax is based on the value of the property and is used to finance the provision of local services, such as road maintenance, waste management, and community services. This revenue is a crucial source of income for local governments and enables them to provide essential services to their communities. It's important to note that while other sources such as levies, revenue from court fines and licences, and even the federal government may provide funding for local governments, local rates remain the primary source of funding for local governments in many countries.

Read lesson note on Local Government (JAMB)

Local Government

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