JAMB UTME - History - 2022

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ECOWAS, which stands for the Economic Community of West African States, was established in the year 1975. It is a regional organization comprising of 15 member countries located in West Africa, with the aim of promoting economic cooperation and integration among its members. The founding members of ECOWAS were Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, and Burkina Faso. Since its establishment, ECOWAS has been involved in a variety of activities including the promotion of free trade, the establishment of a common market, and the development of infrastructure to facilitate regional integration.

The Trans-Atlantic slave trade was abolished in Britain in what year?

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The Trans-Atlantic slave trade was abolished in Britain in 1807. The Trans-Atlantic slave trade involved the forced transportation of enslaved Africans from their homes in West and Central Africa to the Americas, Europe, and other parts of the world. It was a brutal system that resulted in the deaths of millions of Africans and the enrichment of European and American slave traders and plantation owners. The abolition of the slave trade in Britain was the result of decades of activism and advocacy by abolitionists, who campaigned against the inhumanity of the slave trade and the slave system. In 1807, the British Parliament passed the Abolition of the Slave Trade Act, which made it illegal to trade in slaves within the British Empire. However, it did not abolish slavery itself, and the practice of owning slaves continued in the British colonies until 1833, when the Slavery Abolition Act was passed. The abolition of the slave trade in Britain was a significant moment in the history of the struggle for human rights and the fight against the dehumanization of people based on their race. It was also an important step in the long and ongoing process of addressing the legacies of slavery and racism in the world today.

Clothe dyeing started in what part of Nigeria?

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After the death of Said bin Sultan in 1856, the Asian section of the empire was ruled by ________.

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After the death of Said bin Sultan in 1856, the Asian section of the empire was ruled by Thuwaini bin Said. Thuwaini bin Said was the younger brother of Said bin Sultan and became the Sultan of Oman and Zanzibar after his brother's death. He ruled the Asian section of the empire from Muscat and was known for his military campaigns and expansion of the Omani empire. During his reign, he successfully fought against rebellions and extended Omani influence to parts of modern-day Pakistan, Iran, and East Africa. He also modernized the administration and infrastructure of the empire, which helped to strengthen its economy and political stability. Overall, Thuwaini bin Said was a significant figure in Omani history and played a vital role in the development and expansion of the empire.

Who was known as the Napoleon of West Africa?

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The person known as the "Napoleon of West Africa" was Samori Toure. He was a military leader and founder of the Wassoulou Empire, which covered parts of modern-day Guinea, Mali, Ivory Coast, and Senegal. Toure was known for his military strategy, which allowed him to resist French colonial expansion in the late 19th century. He established a strong centralized government and a professional army, which were equipped with modern weapons and trained in modern tactics. Toure's military campaigns were characterized by his ability to mobilize large numbers of troops and to adapt to changing circumstances. He used a combination of guerrilla tactics, fortifications, and traditional warfare to defeat his enemies. Despite his military success, Toure was eventually captured by the French in 1898 and exiled to Gabon, where he died in 1900. His legacy, however, lived on, and he is still remembered today as one of the greatest military leaders in West African history.

Who was the head of the Zulus at the time of the Mfecane war?

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The head of the Zulus at the time of the Mfecane war was Shaka. Shaka was a powerful leader who rose to power in the early 19th century and established the Zulu kingdom in southern Africa. He was known for his military tactics, which were innovative for the time and allowed him to conquer many neighboring tribes and establish the Zulu kingdom as a dominant power in the region. The Mfecane war, which took place between 1815 and 1840, was a period of intense conflict and migration in southern Africa, largely caused by Shaka's expansion of the Zulu kingdom.

The first British consul in Nigeria was

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The first British consul in Nigeria was John Beecroft. He was appointed as the British consul in what was then known as the Bights of Benin and Biafra in 1849. Beecroft was tasked with promoting British trade in the region, as well as suppressing the slave trade, which was still prevalent at the time. He established good relations with the local rulers and was able to negotiate treaties with them that enabled the British to establish trading posts and factories. Beecroft's work paved the way for the later British colonial administration in Nigeria, which ultimately led to Nigeria's independence in 1960.

How many states were created by Gen. Sani Abacha?

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General Sani Abacha was a military ruler who served as the head of state of Nigeria from 1993 until his death in 1998. During his regime, he did create some new states in Nigeria, but the exact number is disputed. Some sources say that he created 6 new states, while others say 7 or even 9. However, it is generally accepted that he created at least 6 new states, which are: 1. Ebonyi State 2. Bayelsa State 3. Gombe State 4. Nasarawa State 5. Zamfara State 6. Ekiti State In summary, the exact number of states created by General Sani Abacha is not clear, but it is generally accepted that he created at least 6 new states.

What was the first capital of the Kanem-Borno empire?

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The first capital of the Kanem-Borno Empire was Njimi. The empire was founded in the 9th century in what is now Chad and northeastern Nigeria, and Njimi was established as its capital shortly thereafter. Njimi was located near the shores of Lake Chad and served as the political and economic center of the empire. The city was well-planned and had a sophisticated system of governance, which included a centralized administration, a system of taxation, and a large army. Under the Kanem-Borno Empire, Njimi grew to become a major center of trade and culture in the region, with merchants and scholars from across Africa and the Middle East visiting the city. The empire also spread Islam throughout the region and built many mosques and Islamic schools in Njimi and other cities. Although Njimi was eventually replaced as the capital of the Kanem-Borno Empire by Birni Ngazargamu in the 16th century, it remained an important cultural and religious center in the region for centuries.

________ preceded Nelson Mandela as president of South Africa.

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Frederik Willem de Klerk was the president of South Africa before Nelson Mandela. De Klerk led the country from 1989 to 1994, during a time of significant political change and the end of apartheid. He and Nelson Mandela worked together to bring about a peaceful transition to a multiracial democracy, for which they were both awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993.

How many geo-political zones are there in Nigeria?

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There are 6 geopolitical zones in Nigeria. These zones were created during the regime of General Sani Abacha in 1994 in an effort to promote unity and cooperation among the various ethnic groups in Nigeria. Each geopolitical zone is made up of several states, with the zones being named after the dominant ethnic group in the area. The six geopolitical zones in Nigeria are: 1. North-West Zone 2. North-East Zone 3. North-Central Zone 4. South-West Zone 5. South-East Zone 6. South-South Zone The North-West Zone is made up of seven states, including Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Sokoto, and Zamfara. The North-East Zone is made up of six states, including Adamawa, Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Taraba, and Yobe. The North-Central Zone is made up of six states, including Benue, Kogi, Kwara, Nasarawa, Niger, and Plateau. The South-West Zone is made up of six states, including Ekiti, Lagos, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, and Oyo. The South-East Zone is made up of five states, including Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu, and Imo. The South-South Zone is made up of six states, including Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross River, Delta, Edo, and Rivers. In summary, there are six geopolitical zones in Nigeria, each made up of several states, and these zones were created in 1994 to promote unity and cooperation among the various ethnic groups in Nigeria.

Which constitution laid the foundation for the establishment of political parties in Nigeria?

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Which of these was not an effect of the Great Trek?

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The option that was not an effect of the Great Trek is "It reduced trade between black and white groups." The Great Trek was a mass migration of Boer settlers in the 1830s from the British Cape Colony in present-day South Africa to the interior in search of land, independence, and to escape British rule. The effects of the Great Trek included: - Afrikaners remained politically divided for many years: The trek resulted in the fragmentation of the Afrikaner community into smaller groups, each with their own leaders and agendas, making it harder for them to unite politically. - The Trek resulted in the cultural and economic isolation of the Boers: The Boers established their own independent republics, which were culturally and economically isolated from the British Cape Colony and indigenous African societies. - The Great Trek led directly to the founding of several autonomous Boer republics: The Boers established several independent republics, including the Orange Free State and the South African Republic (Transvaal), which were recognized by the British as sovereign states. Therefore, the correct option is "It reduced trade between black and white groups," as the Great Trek was not directly associated with reducing trade between black and white groups. However, the cultural and economic isolation of the Boers resulted in limited interaction and trade between the Boers and indigenous African societies, which could have indirectly affected trade between black and white groups.

Who was appointed by the federal government of Nigeria as the administrator of Western Region in 1962?

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Dr M.A Majekodunmi was appointed by the federal government of Nigeria as the administrator of Western Region in 1962. Following a political crisis in the Western Region, the federal government declared a state of emergency in the region and appointed Dr Majekodunmi to administer the region as its sole administrator. His primary task was to restore law and order in the region, which had been plagued by political violence and instability. During his tenure, Dr Majekodunmi worked to promote peace and reconciliation between the political factions in the region. He also implemented a number of development projects, including the construction of new schools, hospitals, and roads. Overall, Dr Majekodunmi's administration of the Western Region was seen as largely successful, as he was able to restore order and stability to the region and promote development.

The Great Trek happened in what country?

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The Great Trek happened in South Africa. The Great Trek was a historical event that occurred in the early 1800s in South Africa when groups of Dutch-speaking farmers, known as Boers, migrated from the British Cape Colony to the interior of the country in search of land and independence from British colonial rule. The Boers were unhappy with British attempts to abolish slavery and introduce English language and culture in the Cape Colony. As a result, they decided to move into the interior of South Africa, where they believed they could establish their own independent republics. The Great Trek was a significant event in South African history because it led to the establishment of several independent Boer republics, such as the Orange Free State and the South African Republic, which later became the Union of South Africa. The migration also resulted in conflicts with the indigenous people, such as the Zulus, and other groups who were already living in the interior. These conflicts, which included the Battle of Blood River, contributed to the shaping of South African society and the relations between different groups in the country.

Ismail Pasha was removed as the Khedive of Egypt at the behest of Great Britain in____________

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Ismail Pasha was removed as the Khedive of Egypt at the behest of Great Britain in 1879. Ismail Pasha was the ruler of Egypt during a time of great change and modernization in the country. He implemented many reforms and infrastructure projects, but his lavish spending and mounting debts led to financial crisis. In order to protect their investments in Egypt, Great Britain and other European powers demanded that Ismail Pasha be removed from power. In 1879, Ismail Pasha was forced to abdicate and was succeeded by his son Tewfik Pasha. This event marked the beginning of British influence over Egypt, which continued until the country gained independence in 1952.

The Ekumeku movement started from Anioma which is part of present day ________.

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The Ekumeku movement began in Anioma, which is part of present-day Delta State in Nigeria. Anioma is a region that is predominantly inhabited by the Igbo ethnic group, and it is located in the southern part of Nigeria. The Ekumeku movement was a resistance movement that emerged in the late 19th century against British colonial rule in Nigeria. The movement was characterized by guerrilla warfare tactics and was made up of people from different ethnic groups in the region, including the Igbo and Urhobo. Its main aim was to resist the imposition of colonial rule and preserve the independence and sovereignty of the region. The Ekumeku movement played a significant role in shaping the history and culture of the Anioma region and has become a symbol of resistance against oppression and colonialism in Nigeria.

The Nguni people are originally from?

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The Nguni people are originally from South Africa. The Nguni people are a group of related ethnic communities who share a common cultural and linguistic heritage. They are native to the southeastern regions of South Africa and are one of the largest ethnic groups in the country. The Nguni people have a rich cultural heritage, including unique traditions, customs, and beliefs, that have been passed down through generations. Today, the Nguni people continue to play a significant role in South African society and culture.

Who was the first state president of the republic of South Africa?

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The first state president of the Republic of South Africa was Charles Robberts Swart. He served as state president from 1961 to 1967. Prior to becoming state president, Swart was a judge and politician who played a significant role in the establishment of the Republic of South Africa. As state president, Swart held a mostly ceremonial role, representing the country domestically and internationally. His main responsibilities included signing legislation into law, appointing judges and other officials, and receiving foreign dignitaries.

The United Nations was created as a result of the failure of the ________

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The United Nations was created as a result of the failure of the League of Nations. The League of Nations was an international organization established after World War I with the aim of promoting international cooperation and preventing future conflicts. However, it failed to prevent the outbreak of World War II and was dissolved in 1946. In response to the failure of the League of Nations and the devastation of World War II, the United Nations was established in 1945. The United Nations is an intergovernmental organization that aims to promote international cooperation and resolve conflicts peacefully. It has since grown to become a key global institution, with 193 member states and a wide range of programs and initiatives focused on issues such as peace and security, human rights, and sustainable development.

In 1840, Sayyid Said transferred his capital from Muscat to?

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In 1840, Sayyid Said, who was the Sultan of Oman, transferred his capital from Muscat to Zanzibar. Zanzibar is an island located off the coast of East Africa in the Indian Ocean, and it was a strategic location for trade and commerce. The move to Zanzibar allowed Sayyid Said to have greater control over the lucrative slave and ivory trades that were prevalent in the region at the time. The capital remained in Zanzibar until the decline of the Omani empire in the late 1800s.

What is the title of the king's mother in Benin kingdom?

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The title of the king's mother in the Benin Kingdom is "Iyoba". This title is a combination of two words: "Iyó" which means "Queen" and "Oba" which means "King" in the Bini language. In the Benin Kingdom, the Iyoba was a very important figure and held a significant role in the administration of the kingdom. She was also responsible for the welfare of women and children in the kingdom. When a new king was crowned in the kingdom, his mother was also given the title of Iyoba. This was to acknowledge her as the mother of the king and to give her a position of honor and respect within the kingdom. The Iyoba had her own palace and was served by her own retinue of attendants. One of the most famous Iyobas in Benin history was Queen Idia, who was the mother of Oba Esigie. She played a crucial role in helping her son to defeat the Igala people in a battle and was celebrated as a warrior queen. Today, the Iyoba still holds an important position in the Benin Kingdom and is regarded with great respect and reverence.

Nigeria practised the Westminster system of government between

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Nigeria practised the Westminster system of government between 1960 and 1966. The Westminster system is a democratic system of government that originated in the United Kingdom and is characterized by having a parliamentary system, where the executive branch (the Prime Minister and Cabinet) is accountable to the legislative branch (the Parliament). Nigeria gained independence from British colonial rule in 1960 and adopted the Westminster system of government, with a Prime Minister as the head of government and a ceremonial President as the head of state. However, Nigeria's experience with the Westminster system was short-lived. In 1966, the government was overthrown in a military coup and the country was ruled by a series of military dictatorships for several decades. Therefore, Nigeria practiced the Westminster system of government for only six years, from 1960 to 1966.

When did Lagos become a colony?

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Lagos became a colony on 5 March, 1862. At that time, Britain declared Lagos a crown colony and established administrative control over the region. This was part of Britain's wider efforts to extend its influence and control over Africa and to secure access to its resources and trade routes. The colonization of Lagos had a significant impact on the local population, as it brought about changes to the political, economic, and social structures of the region.

Who is regarded the father of modern Egypt?

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The father of modern Egypt is often regarded as Mohammad Ali, who was an Ottoman military commander and the ruler of Egypt from 1805 to 1848. He is known for his efforts to modernize Egypt by introducing various reforms and innovations in areas such as education, agriculture, and military technology. Some of his achievements include the establishment of a modern army, the founding of the first Egyptian university, and the construction of various public works such as canals and bridges. He also introduced a number of social reforms, including the abolition of slavery and the promotion of women's rights. Mohammad Ali's legacy as the father of modern Egypt is a testament to his vision and leadership in transforming Egypt into a more modern and progressive society.

When did the Madhist war begin?

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The Madhist War began in 1881. It was a conflict between the Mahdist forces and the British-Egyptian army in Sudan. The Mahdists were followers of a religious leader, Muhammad Ahmad, who had proclaimed himself as the Mahdi or the messiah. In 1881, he led a successful uprising against the Ottoman-Egyptian occupation of Sudan, which led to the establishment of an Islamic state in Sudan. The Mahdists, under the leadership of the Mahdi, then began to expand their influence and control over other parts of Sudan. The British-Egyptian army, which had a presence in Sudan, then launched a series of military expeditions against the Mahdist forces, leading to the outbreak of the Madhist War in 1881. The war lasted for over a decade and involved several battles and campaigns, with both sides suffering significant casualties. The war finally ended in 1899, with the British-Egyptian army emerging victorious and re-establishing their control over Sudan.

Who brought Christianity to Liberia?

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Christianity was brought to Liberia primarily by freed American slaves. In the early 1800s, the American Colonization Society established Liberia as a colony for freed slaves from the United States. Many of these settlers were already Christians, and they brought their faith with them to Liberia. The first formal Christian mission in Liberia was established in 1821 by the Methodist Episcopal Church, with other Protestant denominations following in the years that followed. While there were some British consuls and freed British slaves who settled in Liberia, they did not have the same significant impact on the spread of Christianity in the country as the freed American slaves did.

The Northern region of Nigeria gained self-government in ____.

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Nigeria was birthed in the year

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Nigeria was birthed in the year 1914. Before 1914, the area now known as Nigeria was divided into various British protectorates and colonies, such as Lagos Colony and the Southern and Northern Protectorates. In 1914, these different territories were amalgamated to form the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria, under the administration of a single governor-general. This amalgamation marked the beginning of a united Nigeria, although the country did not gain full independence until 1960. Therefore, the year 1914 is considered the birth year of Nigeria as a single entity, and it is celebrated as the country's national day.

The __________ were the first missionaries to arrive Nigeria.

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The policy of Association was adopted by the ________.

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The policy of Association was adopted by the French. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, France controlled a number of colonies in Africa. To manage these colonies, the French implemented a policy of "association," which aimed to maintain a form of indirect rule by working with existing African social and political structures. Under this policy, local African leaders were allowed to maintain some autonomy and were encouraged to participate in the colonial administration. However, ultimate power remained in the hands of the French colonial authorities. The policy of association was part of the larger French colonial system known as "la mission civilisatrice," or the "civilizing mission," which was the French justification for their colonization of Africa. The policy of association was different from the British policy of direct rule, in which the British appointed their own officials to govern their colonies, often disregarding existing social and political structures.

What country was the first to be introduced to Christianity in West Africa?

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Sierra Leone was the first country to be introduced to Christianity in West Africa. The introduction of Christianity to Sierra Leone dates back to the late 18th century when a British abolitionist named Granville Sharp, along with a group of freed slaves, founded the Province of Freedom, which later became Freetown, the capital city of Sierra Leone. The group included both Christians and Muslims, but Christianity was the dominant religion. In 1792, the first Anglican mission was established in Freetown, which marked the beginning of the spread of Christianity in Sierra Leone and West Africa as a whole. Therefore, out of the options given, the correct answer is "Sierra Leone."

In what year was the Oil River protectorate established?

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The Oil River Protectorate was established in the year 1885. It was a British colonial administration that controlled the area around the Niger Delta in what is now Nigeria. The protectorate was established to control trade and protect British commercial interests in the region, including the export of palm oil. The name "Oil River" was given because the Niger Delta region was known for its abundant oil palm trees, which were a valuable resource at the time. Therefore, the correct answer is 1885.

Which of these system was most popular in the pre-colonial era?

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In the pre-colonial era, the most popular system of exchange was the barter system. This system involved the direct exchange of goods and services between people, without the use of money. For example, a farmer could exchange a bushel of wheat for a cow from a herder, or a blacksmith could exchange a tool for some grains from a miller. The barter system was the most popular in the pre-colonial era because it was a simple and practical way for people to exchange goods and services. It did not require any complex financial instruments or systems, and it was easy to understand and implement. Additionally, people often had limited access to coins or paper notes, which were not widely used at that time. While the barter system was effective, it also had some limitations. It was often difficult to find someone who had the exact goods or services that a person wanted to exchange, and it was hard to determine the value of different goods and services relative to each other. Despite these limitations, the barter system remained the most popular means of exchange in the pre-colonial era.

Emperor Menelik II defeated Italian troops in the battle of

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The correct answer is "Adwa". Emperor Menelik II defeated Italian troops in the Battle of Adwa on March 1, 1896. The battle was fought between the Ethiopian Empire and the Kingdom of Italy, who sought to establish and expand their colonial presence in Ethiopia. Menelik II led the Ethiopian forces to a decisive victory, marking the first time in history that an African army had defeated a European colonial power. The victory of the Ethiopians at Adwa is considered a symbol of African resistance to European imperialism and is celebrated as a national holiday in Ethiopia.

The equivalent of the Aare- ona kankanfo of the Yoruba pre-colonial system in the Hausa/Fulani pre-colonial system is the

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The first coup in Nigeria was led by

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The first coup in Nigeria was led by a group of military officers, with Major Chukwuma Nzeogu as the most prominent among them. The coup took place on January 15, 1966, and overthrew the democratically elected government of Prime Minister Abubakar Tafawa Balewa. The coup was largely driven by a desire among some military officers to end corruption, tribalism, and political instability in Nigeria. The coup was also motivated by a sense of dissatisfaction among some younger officers who felt that their senior colleagues were blocking their opportunities for advancement. After the coup, Major Nzeogu declared a new government, the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC), and installed General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi as the new Head of State. However, the Ironsi-led government was short-lived, as it was overthrown in a counter-coup on July 29, 1966, led by northern officers who were unhappy with the dominance of the Igbo ethnic group in the military and the government. The first coup in Nigeria had significant and long-lasting implications for the country, including several years of military rule, ethnic tensions, and a series of further coups and counter-coups that destabilized the country's politics for decades.

Nigeria joined UNO as the ___ member.

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Lagos was annexed by the British in 1861. Lagos was a city-state in what is now Nigeria, and it was an important center of trade and commerce in West Africa. In 1861, the British declared Lagos a British protectorate, which meant that the city came under British control and was no longer an independent state. The annexation of Lagos marked the beginning of British colonial rule in Nigeria, and it had a significant impact on the political, economic, and social development of the region.

The Kanem–Bornu Empire existed in areas which are now part of the following countries except

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The Kanem–Bornu Empire existed in areas which are now part of Chad and the Central African Republic. It did not exist in Togo. The Kanem–Bornu Empire was a state located in the region of Lake Chad, in what is now Chad and the Central African Republic. It was one of the largest and most powerful empires in West Africa, and it dominated the region for several centuries. The empire was centered around the city of N'Djamena, which was once the capital of the empire, and its sphere of influence extended over a large area of the region.