JAMB UTME - History - 2020

Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

The Muslim reform movement has grown due to inspiration from Pakistan, North Africa, and Arab countries. However, Argentina is not typically recognized as a source of inspiration for the Muslim reform movement. Pakistan, North Africa, and Arab countries have all seen significant political and social changes in recent years, which have led to increased interest in reforming traditional interpretations of Islam. These changes have been driven by a variety of factors, including political instability, economic hardship, and social inequality. As a result, many Muslims in these regions have sought new ways to practice their faith and have turned to reform movements as a means of achieving this. In contrast, Argentina is not typically recognized as a source of inspiration for the Muslim reform movement. While there is a small Muslim community in Argentina, it is not a major center of Islamic scholarship or activism. Therefore, it is less likely to be a source of inspiration for the Muslim reform movement compared to Pakistan, North Africa, and Arab countries.

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Exploitation is not a social development under colonial rule. Under colonial rule, exploitation was a means for the colonizers to extract resources and labor from the colonized people. This often led to the oppression and marginalization of the colonized people, rather than a social development. Trade relations, the establishment of a common legal system, and the emergence of the press are all social developments that occurred under colonial rule. Trade relations led to the exchange of goods and ideas between different regions and cultures, while the establishment of a common legal system provided a framework for resolving disputes and enforcing laws. The emergence of the press allowed for the dissemination of information and the formation of public opinion.

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The Portuguese were the first set of people to land on the present day Nigeria territory for trading activities. In the late 15th century, the Portuguese began exploring the West African coast, seeking a direct sea route to Asia for trade. In 1471, the Portuguese explorer, Rui de Sequeira, landed on the coast of what is now Nigeria and established trade relations with the local people. The Portuguese were particularly interested in trading for gold, ivory, and pepper, which they found in abundance in the region. They established trade posts and forts along the coast, including in Lagos, which became a major center for trade and commerce. The Portuguese also introduced Christianity to the region and attempted to establish a permanent settlement in the area, but they were met with resistance from the local rulers and were eventually driven out. Overall, the Portuguese played a significant role in the early European exploration and exploitation of West Africa, including what is now Nigeria. They were the first Europeans to establish contact with the local people and to begin trading for valuable resources in the region.

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The United Nations Organization emerged as a result of the collapse of the League of Nations (LON). The League of Nations was an international organization founded after World War I with the aim of promoting peace and cooperation between nations. However, it failed to prevent the outbreak of World War II and was dissolved in 1946. In response to the failures of the League of Nations, the United Nations was established in 1945 to replace it. The United Nations is an international organization consisting of 193 member states and is dedicated to promoting peace, security, and development around the world. Unlike the League of Nations, the United Nations has been successful in maintaining international peace and stability through diplomacy, conflict resolution, and peacekeeping efforts.

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The protectorate of Nigeria in 1914 became regions in 1946. This means that Nigeria, which was previously divided into different territories for administrative purposes, was restructured into larger geographic units known as regions. Each region had its own government and was made up of several provinces. The move towards regional governance was part of the process of granting more autonomy to the different parts of Nigeria and laying the foundations for its eventual independence from British colonial rule in 1960.

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Maelezo ya Majibu

Illegal West Africa aliens living in Nigeria were expelled during the Buhari/Idiagbon era. In 1983, General Muhammadu Buhari became the military head of state of Nigeria after a military coup. He appointed Major-General Tunde Idiagbon as his deputy. During their regime, a policy was put in place to expel illegal immigrants who were mostly from West Africa, particularly Ghana. The policy was known as the "Aliens Compliance Order" and it gave illegal immigrants a two-week ultimatum to leave the country or face deportation. The policy was part of the government's effort to tackle economic challenges, including high unemployment and a shortage of resources, which were exacerbated by the presence of illegal immigrants. The government also believed that illegal immigrants were responsible for criminal activities and other social problems in the country. As a result of the policy, an estimated two million immigrants, mostly Ghanaians, were forced to leave Nigeria. The move was widely criticized by the international community and human rights groups, who accused the government of violating the rights of the immigrants. However, the Buhari/Idiagbon regime defended the policy, arguing that it was necessary to protect the interests of Nigerians and maintain law and order in the country.

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The Mahdist rebellion against the Egyptian authority was successful due to widespread support. The Mahdist rebellion was a religious and political movement that began in the late 19th century in Sudan. The movement was led by Muhammad Ahmad, who claimed to be the Mahdi or savior of Islam. The Mahdi and his followers were opposed to the Egyptian authorities, who were seen as corrupt and oppressive. One of the main reasons for the success of the Mahdist rebellion was the widespread support it received from the Sudanese people. The Mahdi was able to mobilize large numbers of people by appealing to their religious beliefs and promising to overthrow the Egyptian authorities and establish a just and fair Islamic state. The Mahdi's message resonated with many Sudanese who were unhappy with the Egyptian authorities and saw the Mahdi as a legitimate leader who could bring about positive change. In addition to the support of the people, the Mahdi's forces were also successful in military engagements with the Egyptian authorities. The Mahdi and his followers were able to defeat Egyptian armies in several battles, which further strengthened their position and weakened the authority of the Egyptian government. While the leadership skills of Gordon, the British Governor-General of Sudan, have been questioned in the aftermath of the rebellion, it is important to note that the rebellion was largely a result of popular dissatisfaction with the Egyptian authorities and their policies in Sudan.

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The correct answer is "Queen mother, Magira," as she played a prominent role in the government of the Kanem-Borno empire. The Kanem-Borno empire was a pre-colonial state located in what is now northeastern Nigeria and eastern Chad. It was known for its powerful military and extensive trade networks, and it controlled a large area of the Sahel region of Africa. Queen mother Magira was a key figure in the Kanem-Borno empire's government, serving as an advisor to the king and playing an important role in the selection of his successors. She was also responsible for overseeing the education and training of young princes, helping to ensure that they were prepared to take on the responsibilities of ruling the empire. Magira's position as queen mother gave her a great deal of influence and power within the empire, and her role in governance was widely recognized and respected. Her contributions to the Kanem-Borno empire's political and cultural life have been recognized by historians and scholars, making her a significant figure in the history of Africa.

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Ethiopia's lowlands and high plateau protected the country from external invasion. This means that because of the geography of the country, which includes lowlands and a high plateau, it was difficult for foreign armies to invade and conquer Ethiopia. The rugged terrain and difficult to access areas made it hard for enemies to reach the core of the country and successfully invade it. This helped to protect Ethiopia from being taken over by other countries.

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Maelezo ya Majibu

The main party against apartheid in South Africa was the African National Congress (ANC). The ANC was a political party founded in 1912 that fought against the apartheid system, which was a system of racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa. The ANC led many peaceful protests and acts of civil disobedience, as well as armed resistance, in an effort to end apartheid and achieve equal rights for all South Africans, regardless of race. The ANC's efforts eventually led to the end of apartheid in the 1990s and the election of Nelson Mandela as the country's first black president in 1994.

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Maelezo ya Majibu

Before 1963, the Privy Council was the highest court in Nigeria. The Privy Council was a judicial body based in London, England, that served as the final court of appeal for the British Empire and Commonwealth countries, including Nigeria. The Privy Council was made up of senior judges and legal experts appointed by the British monarch. Nigerian cases that could not be resolved by the Supreme Court or the Court of Appeal were appealed to the Privy Council. However, in 1963, the Nigerian Constitution was amended to establish the Supreme Court of Nigeria as the final court of appeal in the country, effectively ending the appellate jurisdiction of the Privy Council in Nigeria.

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The 1959 general election in Nigeria was between three political parties: the Action Group (AG), the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC), and the Northern People's Congress (NPC).

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Before the advent of colonialism, the South-Eastern part of Nigeria was organized into village or clan-based political systems. Before the arrival of European colonizers, the indigenous communities of the South-Eastern region of Nigeria had their own traditional political systems. These political systems were based on the village or clan, and each community was governed by a council of elders or a traditional leader. These leaders were responsible for making decisions for their community and resolving disputes. The traditional political systems in the South-Eastern region of Nigeria were highly decentralized and relied on the cooperation and consensus of the community members.

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The establishment of "Lagos Daily News" by Herbert Macaulay helped to fast-track the activity of nationalists in Nigeria. Herbert Macaulay was a prominent Nigerian nationalist who played a crucial role in the struggle for independence from British colonial rule. In 1925, he founded the Lagos Daily News, a newspaper that served as a platform for the expression of nationalist ideals and the dissemination of information on political developments in Nigeria. The Lagos Daily News provided a voice for the Nigerian nationalist movement and was instrumental in rallying public support for the cause of independence. It also helped to mobilize the masses and raise awareness of the issues facing the country. Through the Lagos Daily News, Macaulay was able to champion the cause of Nigerian nationalism and promote the political aspirations of his people. The newspaper was a powerful tool for political activism and played a significant role in the eventual attainment of independence for Nigeria in 1960. In summary, the establishment of the Lagos Daily News by Herbert Macaulay helped to fast-track the activity of nationalists in Nigeria by providing a voice for the nationalist movement and serving as a platform for the expression of political ideals and the dissemination of information on political developments.

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The person who formed the name Nigeria after the amalgamation of the Southern and Northern protectorates was Flora Shaw. She was a British journalist and writer who was married to Lord Lugard, the first Governor-General of Nigeria. In 1914, Lord Lugard oversaw the amalgamation of the Northern and Southern protectorates, which created the country now known as Nigeria. Flora Shaw, who was then a colonial correspondent for The Times newspaper, suggested the name "Nigeria" as a way to describe the newly created territory. The name "Nigeria" was derived from the Niger River, which flows through the country, and was suggested by Flora Shaw in an article she wrote for The Times. The name quickly gained acceptance and was adopted as the official name of the country after its amalgamation. In summary, Flora Shaw was the person who formed the name Nigeria after the amalgamation of the Southern and Northern protectorates. She suggested the name "Nigeria" as a way to describe the newly created territory, and the name was quickly adopted and became the official name of the country.

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The Scramble of Africans by Europeans in 1884/85 Berlin Conference made Nigeria a British West Africa colony. In the late 1800s, European countries were rushing to colonize and control as much of Africa as they could. They did this through a process known as the "Scramble for Africa". At the Berlin Conference of 1884/1885, European countries met and divided up Africa among themselves, with each country claiming certain territories. As a result of this scramble, Nigeria became a British colony in West Africa. The British ruled Nigeria until 1960, when the country gained its independence.

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Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

Egyptian nationalism in the late 18th century and early 20th century mainly aimed at ensuring Egyptian independence. During this time period, Egypt was under the control of various foreign powers, including the Ottoman Empire, Britain, and France. Egyptian nationalists believed that their country should be governed by its own people and not by foreign powers. They sought to establish a sense of Egyptian identity and to create a government that was responsive to the needs and desires of the Egyptian people. One of the key figures in the Egyptian nationalist movement was Saad Zaghloul, who led the Wafd Party in the early 20th century. The Wafd Party called for an end to British occupation and for the establishment of a democratic government in Egypt. The party also demanded that Egypt be granted full independence and control over its own affairs. The Egyptian nationalist movement was also influenced by the rise of pan-Arabism, which sought to unite the Arab world and create a single, independent Arab state. Egyptian nationalists believed that Egypt should be at the forefront of this movement and should lead the way in creating a strong, independent Arab nation. In summary, Egyptian nationalism in the late 18th century and early 20th century aimed at ensuring Egyptian independence, as nationalists sought to establish a government that was responsive to the needs and desires of the Egyptian people and to end foreign control over their country.

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Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

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The discovery of Terracotta in 1928 on NOK soil in Kaduna state was made by Colonel Dent Young, a British colonial administrator who was serving as the Resident of the Northern Province of Nigeria at the time. During a routine inspection of a tin mine in the village of Nok, Young stumbled upon some strange objects that turned out to be ancient terracotta sculptures. These sculptures were unlike anything he had seen before, and he immediately recognized their significance. Young made the discovery of the Nok Terracotta figurines by chance, but his efforts to document and preserve the findings helped to launch the study of ancient Nigerian art and culture. Today, the Nok Terracotta remains a crucial piece of African history, and a symbol of the rich cultural heritage of Nigeria.

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Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

The Clifford Constitution of 1922 is considered a landmark in Nigerian history because it made way for the elective principle. This meant that for the first time, people were able to directly elect some of their representatives to the legislative council. Prior to this, all members of the legislative council were appointed by the governor. The introduction of the elective principle marked a significant step towards greater democratic representation and participation in the governance of the country.

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Maelezo ya Majibu

The second military coup d'état in Nigeria took place on July 29, 1966. This coup was carried out by a group of military officers, mainly from the Igbo ethnic group, in response to the first military coup which had taken place on January 15, 1966. The January 1966 coup was led by mostly Igbo officers who overthrew the democratic government of Nigeria, which led to the assassination of several prominent Nigerian politicians from the Northern and Western regions. The July 1966 coup was a retaliatory response by Northern Nigerian military officers who overthrew the military government that came to power after the January coup. The coup was a violent and bloody one, and it led to the death of the then Head of State, Major General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi, who was from the Igbo ethnic group. This event further exacerbated the already-tense ethnic and regional divisions within Nigeria, which ultimately led to the outbreak of the Nigerian Civil War in 1967.

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Sir Walter Egerton was the governor of the protectorate of Lagos and Southern Nigeria in 1906. He was a British colonial administrator who served in various capacities in different parts of Africa during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Egerton was appointed as the governor of Lagos and Southern Nigeria in 1904, and during his tenure, he implemented various policies aimed at consolidating British control over the region. These included the introduction of a poll tax, the establishment of a legislative council, and the expansion of the railway network. Egerton also played a key role in the amalgamation of the Northern and Southern Protectorates in 1914, which led to the creation of the modern state of Nigeria.

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The first capital of the Kanem-Bornu empire was Njimi. Kanem-Bornu was a medieval empire that existed in what is now Chad and Nigeria. Njimi was the first capital of the empire, where the ruling king and government were based. Over time, the capital was moved to different locations, but Njimi remained an important city in the empire's history.