JAMB UTME - Geography - 2019

The obudu plateau of the cross River Basin is economically noted for

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The Obudu Plateau in the Cross River Basin is economically noted for several activities, including cattle ranching, tourism, tea and coffee plantations, and exploitation of forest resources. However, one of the most notable economic activities in the Obudu Plateau is cattle ranching. The plateau's cool and suitable climate makes it an ideal location for cattle farming and the rearing of other livestock. Tourism is also another important economic activity in the Obudu Plateau. The plateau is known for its beautiful landscapes, waterfalls, and other natural attractions that draw tourists from all over the world. In addition to these, the Obudu Plateau also has tea and coffee plantations, which are grown and processed for local and international consumption. The exploitation of forest resources is also an important economic activity, as the plateau is home to a rich diversity of flora and fauna. Finally, the generation of hydroelectricity is also a notable economic activity in the Obudu Plateau, as the high altitude and abundant water resources provide ample opportunities for the generation of hydroelectric power.

The highest category of rural settlement is the

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The highest category of rural settlement is a village. A village is a small, rural community that typically consists of a group of houses and other buildings, surrounded by farmland. People in a village often have close-knit relationships and rely on each other for support. Villages often have a central area where people gather for social events and activities, such as a village green or town square. Villages may also have basic amenities such as a school, a post office, and a general store. In comparison, a homestead refers to a house and the surrounding land that is used for farming or other agricultural purposes. A hut is a small, simple dwelling, often made of natural materials like mud or thatch. A hamlet is a small settlement, similar to a village, but with a smaller population and fewer amenities.

Lakes kivu and Malawi are related in that they

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Lake Kivu and Lake Malawi are related in that they are both rift valley lakes. Rift valley lakes are formed when tectonic plates move apart, creating a depression that fills with water. Lake Kivu is located in the Albertine Rift, which is part of the East African Rift System, while Lake Malawi is located in the East African Rift. Despite their similarities, the two lakes are located in different parts of the African continent - Lake Kivu is located in Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo, while Lake Malawi is located in Malawi, Tanzania, and Mozambique.

The Nigerian town which owed much of their growth in the 20th century to the development of the railway include

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The Stevenson's screen is raised about one meter above the ground in order to avoid

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The Stevenson's screen is a box used to house weather instruments that measure temperature, humidity, and other meteorological variables. It is raised about one meter above the ground to avoid the heat from the ground. When the screen is placed on the ground, it can absorb and radiate heat from the ground, which can affect the accuracy of temperature measurements. By raising it one meter above the ground, the screen is more exposed to the free atmosphere and less affected by the heat from the ground. Additionally, raising the screen helps to reduce the impact of raindrops entering the instruments during heavy rainfall. The height also helps to avoid the effects of nearby trees and other obstacles that could affect wind flow around the instruments and affect the measurements. Therefore, the main reason for raising the Stevenson's screen one meter above the ground is to ensure that the weather instruments inside are measuring the temperature and other meteorological variables accurately and without interference from external factors.

Which is simplest method of rapid distance measurement in surveying?

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The best technique to prevent soil erosion in a humid, gently sloping area is to adopt

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The best technique to prevent soil erosion in a humid, gently sloping area is contour ridging. Contour ridging involves creating ridges that run along the contour lines of the slope, which helps to slow down the flow of water across the surface of the soil. This technique helps to trap water, reduce its speed, and allow it to penetrate into the soil. By reducing the speed of water, contour ridging also helps to reduce the amount of soil that is carried away by the water, which reduces erosion. Terrace cultivation and intercropping can also be effective techniques for reducing erosion, but they are generally better suited to steeper slopes. Wind breakers can help to reduce erosion caused by wind, but they are not as effective for preventing erosion caused by water. In summary, contour ridging is the best technique for preventing soil erosion in a humid, gently sloping area because it helps to slow down the flow of water and reduce erosion, and it is well-suited to this type of terrain.

An example of a non-renewable resource is

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A non-renewable resource is a resource that cannot be easily replenished or regenerated. An example of a non-renewable resource is mineral, such as coal, oil, and natural gas. These resources are formed over millions of years and are finite, meaning they will eventually run out. Unlike renewable resources, like wind and solar power, which can be replenished, non-renewable resources are being consumed faster than they can be replaced. This is why it's important to use these resources wisely and find alternative energy sources to preserve them for future generations.

The prairies of North America are

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The prairies of North America are temperate grasslands. Temperate grasslands are areas with grass as the dominant vegetation and located in regions with moderate temperatures, not too hot or too cold. The prairies of North America are located in the central part of the continent and are characterized by their rolling hills, fertile soil, and abundant grasses. This grassland ecosystem supports a variety of wildlife, including bison, pronghorns, and coyotes, and has played a significant role in the history and culture of the United States and Canada.

The eucalyptus is to the Australian woodland as the teak is to the

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The eucalyptus tree is native to Australia and is commonly found in the Australian woodland. Similarly, the teak tree is native to the monsoon forests in Southeast Asia. Just as the eucalyptus is a defining species of the Australian woodland, the teak is a defining species of the monsoon forest.

Petroleum Industry

Iron and Steel industry

Cosmetics Industry

Automobile Industry7.2°

172.8°

115.2°

43.2°

21.6°

The table above shows the employment distribution in a town with the share of the different industries depicted in degrees of a pie chart. The total number of workers in the town is 25,000.

What is the total number of workers in the petroleum industry?

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The highest lands in Nigeria are found on the

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The highest lands in Nigeria are found on the Mambilla Plateau. The Mambilla Plateau is located in Taraba State in the eastern part of Nigeria, and it is the highest plateau in Nigeria. The plateau has an average elevation of about 1,524 meters (5,000 feet) above sea level, with some parts reaching as high as 1,830 meters (6,000 feet). The Mambilla Plateau is a popular tourist destination because of its cool climate, scenic beauty, and rich cultural heritage. The plateau is home to several ethnic groups, including the Mambilla people, who have a unique culture and traditional way of life. The plateau is also known for its rich agricultural potential and is a major producer of tea, coffee, and other crops. In summary, the Mambilla Plateau is the highest land in Nigeria, and it is located in Taraba State in the eastern part of the country. It has a high elevation and is a popular tourist destination known for its cool climate, scenic beauty, and rich cultural heritage.

Which of the following factors may lead to an area being densely populated?

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Lowland plains may lead to an area being densely populated because they provide fertile land for agriculture, easy transportation and communication routes, and access to water sources. Lowland plains are typically flat, which makes it easier to build roads, buildings, and other infrastructure, and also makes it more conducive for farming. In addition, lowland areas tend to have more moderate climates and are less prone to natural disasters, such as floods or landslides, which can make them more attractive to settlers. Overall, the combination of fertile land, ease of transportation and communication, access to water sources, and favorable climate can all contribute to high population density in lowland areas.

The ferralitic soils in West Africa are mostly found in the

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Nigeria recently entered into trade agreements in petroleum products and gas with

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Nigeria has entered into trade agreements in petroleum products and gas with some West African countries. This means that Nigeria has agreed to trade its petroleum products and gas with certain countries in West Africa. The exact countries involved in the agreement may vary, but the goal is to increase trade and cooperation between Nigeria and its neighbors in West Africa.

Sugar Plantations in Africa are most highly developed in the lowlands of

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Sugar Plantations in Africa are most highly developed in the lowlands of Natal and Mozambique. These two regions have warm climates and fertile soils, which are ideal conditions for growing sugarcane, a plant used to make sugar. The lowlands of Natal and Mozambique are also close to ports, which makes it easier to export the sugar that is produced. Because of these factors, the sugar industry has flourished in these regions, making them the most highly developed areas for sugar production in Africa.

A country well known for the production of Copper in Africa is

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Zambia is a country in Africa that is well-known for its production of copper. Copper is a metal that is widely used in many industries, and Zambia is one of the largest producers of this metal in Africa. In Zambia, copper is extracted from the ground and then processed into different forms, such as wire, pipes, and other products. The mining industry is a major contributor to the economy of Zambia, and the country's copper mines help to provide jobs and support the local economy.

The group of hardwoods that are suitable for railway sleepers in Nigeria is

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The group of hardwoods that are suitable for railway sleepers in Nigeria is "mahogamy, obeche, and iroko". These hardwoods are known for their durability and strength, making them ideal for use as railway sleepers which need to withstand the weight of trains and the harsh outdoor environment. Mahogany is a dense and durable hardwood that is known for its strength and resistance to decay, making it a popular choice for railway sleepers. Obeche is a lightweight hardwood with good stability and strength, making it a good choice for railway sleepers that need to be lightweight yet strong. Iroko is a durable hardwood that is resistant to decay and weathering, making it an ideal choice for outdoor use, such as railway sleepers.

The Ruhr coalfield is located in

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The Ruhr coalfield is located in Germany. Specifically, it is located in the western part of the country, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The area is known for its rich deposits of coal and was a major source of coal for Germany during the Industrial Revolution. Today, many of the mines have been closed, but the region still has a strong industrial presence and is home to many factories and businesses.

The pair of countries where conurbation is most highly developed is

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The pair of countries where conurbation is most highly developed is USA and England. Conurbation refers to the merging of two or more previously separate cities into a single continuous urban area. This process is most highly developed in the USA and England due to their history of urbanization and industrialization. The cities of London and New York are two of the largest conurbations in the world and serve as centers of finance, commerce, and culture. These cities have grown and expanded over time to include many surrounding suburbs, creating a vast, interconnected metropolitan area.

A government policy which is likely to encourage massive importation of goods into a country is the

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The likely policy to encourage massive importation of goods into a country is the relaxation of currency control. Currency control refers to the regulations and restrictions placed on the use of a country's currency by its government. Relaxation of currency control means that the government is loosening its restrictions on the use of the country's currency, making it easier for people and businesses to buy goods from other countries. When currency controls are relaxed, it becomes easier for people and businesses to exchange their local currency for foreign currency to pay for imports. This can lead to an increase in the importation of goods into the country.

What is the birth rate of a country with a total population of 150,000,000 and registered births of 3,000,000 in a given year?

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To calculate the birth rate of a country, we need to divide the number of registered births by the total population of the country and then multiply by 100 to get a percentage. In this case, the number of registered births is 3,000,000, and the total population of the country is 150,000,000. So the birth rate is (3,000,000 / 150,000,000) x 100, which simplifies to 2%. Therefore, the answer is%, meaning that the birth rate of the given country is 2%.

The process by which organic matter is decomposed and synthesized to form part of the soil is known as

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The process by which organic matter is decomposed and synthesized to form part of the soil is known as humification. Humification is the process by which organic matter, such as dead plant material or animal waste, is broken down into simpler organic compounds by microorganisms in the soil. These simpler compounds are then combined and restructured into more complex organic molecules known as humus. Humus is a dark, organic material that is an essential component of healthy soil. It helps to retain water and nutrients, improves soil structure, and supports the growth of plants. Humification is an important part of the natural cycle of nutrient recycling in ecosystems, as it returns nutrients back to the soil for future plant growth.

Some of the solid minerals found in Nigeria are

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Dairying is an agricultural practices that is most prevalent

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The most capital-intensive sector of Nigeria economy to day is

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Urban and Rural Settlements are differentiated by their

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Urban and rural settlements are differentiated by their function and location. Urban settlements are typically characterized by a high population density and a high level of economic and social activity. They are usually located in or near large cities and serve as centers of commerce, industry, and culture. Urban areas often have a diverse range of amenities and services, including shops, restaurants, entertainment venues, and public transportation. Rural settlements, on the other hand, are typically characterized by a lower population density and a lower level of economic and social activity. They are often located in more remote or isolated areas and serve primarily as centers of agricultural activity. Rural areas may have fewer amenities and services than urban areas, but they often offer a quieter and more natural way of life. In summary, the main differences between urban and rural settlements lie in their function and location. Urban areas are characterized by high population density and a diverse range of economic and social activity, while rural areas are characterized by lower population density and a focus on agricultural activity.

The most common greenhouse gas in the atmosphere is

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A desert country which has high population density supported by irrigation is

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The desert country with high population density supported by irrigation is Egypt. Egypt is located in the northeastern part of Africa and is mostly covered by the Sahara desert. Despite the desert conditions, Egypt has a high population density due to the Nile river that runs through the country. The Nile river provides water for irrigation, which has allowed for the cultivation of crops and supported the growth of a population in what would otherwise be an uninhabitable region. The ancient Egyptians were able to take advantage of the Nile's seasonal floods and develop a complex system of canals and irrigation to grow crops. Today, modern irrigation techniques have allowed Egypt to continue to support a high population density and grow crops such as wheat, cotton, and fruits.

Which of the following regions has the least population density?

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The region with the least population density is the Eurasian Tundra. The tundra is a cold, barren landscape located in the northern hemisphere, spanning across parts of Alaska, Canada, Russia, and Scandinavia. This region is characterized by extremely harsh weather conditions, including long, cold winters and brief, cool summers. The soil is also poor in nutrients and unable to support much plant life, making it difficult for people and animals to survive. As a result, the population density in this region is very low and only a small number of people live there.

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Soil texture is determined primarily by

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Soil texture is primarily determined by the particle sizes of the mineral components in the soil. These mineral particles can range in size from large rocks to tiny clay particles. The three main particle size classes that determine soil texture are sand, silt, and clay. Sand particles are the largest, ranging in size from 0.05 to 2.0 millimeters. Silt particles are smaller, ranging from 0.002 to 0.05 millimeters. Clay particles are the smallest, less than 0.002 millimeters in size. The proportion of these particle sizes in the soil determines its texture. Soil texture is an important factor that affects many soil properties, including water-holding capacity, drainage, nutrient availability, and the ability of roots to grow. Soil texture is also used as a basis for soil classification, with different textures having different names, such as sandy loam, clay loam, and silty clay.

The most suitable statistical diagram to show spatial distribution of production is the

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The most suitable statistical diagram to show spatial distribution of production is a dot map. A dot map is a type of map that uses dots to represent the quantity or density of a particular feature across a geographic area. In the case of production data, each dot can represent a certain amount of production, and the density of the dots can show areas with high or low production levels. This allows for a clear visual representation of where production is concentrated and where it is less prominent. Pie charts, divided circles, and line graphs are not suitable for showing spatial distribution of production. A pie chart is used to show proportions of a whole, while a divided circle is similar to a pie chart but is divided into more than one category. These charts are best suited for displaying data where the whole is made up of distinct categories, rather than for geographic data. A line graph, on the other hand, is used to show trends over time, and is not well-suited for displaying spatial data.

Automobile Industries that are essentially assembly plants are found in

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The world leading producer of cocoa is

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The world's leading producer of cocoa is Ghana. Cocoa is a key ingredient used in the production of chocolate and many other sweet treats. Ghana is one of the largest exporters of cocoa in the world, with over 20% of global cocoa production coming from Ghanaian farms. Cocoa is grown in several regions of the country, with the Ashanti region being the largest cocoa-producing region in Ghana. The favorable climate and soil conditions in Ghana make it an ideal location for growing cocoa, which is why it has become such an important industry in the country. Cocoa production plays a significant role in the Ghanaian economy, providing jobs and income for many people.

The development of a climax vegetation in the Savannah belt of Nigeria is disturbed mainly by

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The development of climax vegetation in the savannah belt of Nigeria is mainly disturbed by bush burning. This is because frequent burning of the grassland destroys the vegetation cover, which can prevent the establishment of trees and other woody plants that are characteristic of climax vegetation. Bush burning also leads to a reduction in soil nutrients, making it difficult for plants to grow. Although activities such as lumbering, mining, and animal grazing can also contribute to the disturbance of climax vegetation, they are not the main cause. Lumbering and mining, for example, involve the removal of trees and vegetation, but these activities are typically limited in scale and do not occur as frequently as bush burning. Animal grazing can also have an impact on vegetation, but it is usually managed in a way that allows for the recovery of the grassland. Therefore, it is the frequent and uncontrolled practice of bush burning that is the primary cause of disturbance to the development of climax vegetation in the savannah belt of Nigeria.

In river transport, the problem of irregular levels of water can be overcome by

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One way to overcome the problem of irregular levels of water in river transport is by building locks and canals. Locks are structures that allow boats and ships to pass from one water level to another. They work by closing and filling with water, which raises or lowers the water level inside the lock to match the water level on the other side. This allows boats and ships to safely navigate through areas where the water level is different. Canals, on the other hand, are man-made waterways that are built to connect two waterways or to bypass a stretch of river with difficult navigational conditions. By providing a controlled and stable water environment, locks and canals can greatly improve the reliability and efficiency of river transport.

The exploitation of timber in equatorial Africa causes

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The best way to prevent a watershed from degradation is through

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The best way to prevent a watershed from degradation is through forest reservation. Watersheds are areas of land that drain into a common body of water, such as a river or a lake. Forest reservation refers to the process of setting aside and protecting areas of forest from human activities that may cause harm to the ecosystem. Forests are important in watersheds because they help regulate water flow, filter pollutants, and provide habitat for wildlife. Fuel wood extraction and crop production can cause harm to watersheds if they are not managed sustainably. Fuel wood extraction can lead to deforestation, soil erosion, and loss of biodiversity, which can in turn impact water quality and quantity. Crop production can lead to the use of fertilizers and pesticides that can runoff into the water, causing pollution. Inter-basin transfer is the process of diverting water from one basin to another. While it can be a solution to water scarcity, it can also have negative impacts on watersheds, including altering natural water flow, disrupting ecosystems, and reducing water availability downstream. In summary, forest reservation is the best way to prevent watershed degradation as it helps to maintain the natural ecosystem functions that are important for water quality and quantity.

In surveying, it is best dealt with by

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In surveying, it is best dealt with by laying offsets. This means that instead of measuring the exact distance or angle to an object that may obstruct the line of sight, the surveyor will measure to a point slightly to the side of the obstruction and then use that measurement to calculate the true distance or angle. This allows the surveyor to gather accurate information without having to physically remove the obstruction or avoid it altogether. By laying offsets, the surveyor can ensure that the survey results are accurate and reliable.