JAMB UTME - Geography - 2018

Latitude 66 and half marks the____________

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Latitude 66 and a half (66.5) marks the Arctic Circle. The Arctic Circle is an imaginary line that circles the Earth at approximately 66.5 degrees latitude, which is located in the northern hemisphere. This line marks the southernmost point at which the sun can remain continuously above or below the horizon for a full 24 hours, depending on the time of year. Therefore, if you are at a location with latitude 66.5 degrees or higher, it means that you are within the Arctic Circle and can experience the phenomenon of the midnight sun during the summer solstice, where the sun remains above the horizon for a full 24 hours. In contrast, during the winter solstice, the sun will not rise above the horizon at all, resulting in 24 hours of darkness. Hence, the correct answer is: - Arctic Circle

The earth is enveloped by a mixture of gases referred to as the___________

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The answer is "atmosphere". The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth. It is made up of a mixture of gases, including nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases. The atmosphere protects the Earth from the harmful radiation from the sun and helps to regulate the temperature of the planet. It is divided into several layers, including the troposphere (where weather occurs) and the stratosphere (where the ozone layer is located). The atmosphere is essential for life on Earth, as it provides the air we breathe and plays a crucial role in the Earth's water cycle.

Study the map and answer the question. Intervisibility is possible between the points marked X and Y because the intervening slope is

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One of the following is associated with wind deflation in arid region_________

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Deflation is an action of wind when it picks up or remove loose particles from an area and leaves a denuded surface covered with coarse material too large for wind transport. The most noticeable results of deflation in some places are shallow depressions called blowouts

The ocean that connects Europe and America is the__________

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The ocean that connects Europe and America is the Atlantic Ocean. The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest ocean in the world, after the Pacific Ocean. It covers an area of about 106 million square kilometers and is bordered by Europe and Africa to the east, and by North and South America to the west. The Atlantic Ocean is important for global trade, as it provides a shipping route between Europe and America, and also plays a major role in the Earth's climate system.

A well will always contain water if its dug_________

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The sans bearing water or the acquifier is a body of permeable rock which can contain or transmit water. The body (acquifier) is generally a rock with permeability and porosity. They can hold water and provide sufficient rate. If a well is drilled, one does not always get water unless the acquifier is reached

A river transport its load through the following processes except_________

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The river transports its load through three main processes: solution, traction, and suspension. Plucking is not a process by which a river transports its load. Solution is the process by which the river dissolves soluble minerals such as calcium and transports them in solution. Traction is the process by which larger and heavier particles such as boulders and pebbles are rolled or dragged along the riverbed. Suspension is the process by which smaller and lighter particles such as silt and clay are carried along in the flowing water. Plucking, on the other hand, is a process by which glaciers transport their load. It occurs when the glacier freezes onto rocks and then plucks them out as the glacier moves. This process is not applicable to rivers as they do not have the capability to freeze onto rocks and pluck them out.

Study the map and answer the question. The land-form feature at the centre of the map can best be described as

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Study the table given which shows the mean climatic conditions of station Q and answer the questions.

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Based on the given mean climatic conditions, the station has a "Cool Temperate" climate. This is because the average temperature during the warmest month (July) is 19°C, which is below the threshold for a "Warm Temperate" or "Mediterranean" climate. Additionally, the average temperature during the coldest month (January) is -11°C, which is characteristic of a "Cool Temperate" or "Cold Temperate" climate. The amount of precipitation throughout the year is moderate, with the wettest month being July with 71mm of rainfall.

An alternative graphic method that can be used to depict the same information as a pie chart is the___________

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A choropleth map is a thematic map in which areas are shaded or patterned in proportion to the measurement of the statistical variable being displayed on the map, such as population density or per-capita income.

Lines joining places of equal sunshine duration on maps are__________

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The lines joining places of equal sunshine duration on maps are called Isohel. Isohel is a type of contour line that connects all the points on a map that receive the same amount of sunlight in a given period, usually a day or a year. These lines are similar to contour lines on a topographic map that connect points of equal elevation. Isohels are used to show areas with similar amounts of sunshine and can be used to analyze patterns in climate and weather. For example, isohel maps can help identify areas with higher or lower amounts of sunlight and help to plan agriculture, solar power generation, and other activities that depend on sunlight.

In which of the following rock types is petroleum mainly found?

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Petroleum is mainly found in sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation and cementation of sediments, which can include organic matter such as dead plants and animals. Over time, this organic matter can become buried and subjected to heat and pressure, which can transform it into petroleum through a process called diagenesis. Petroleum is a fossil fuel that is composed of hydrocarbons, which are molecules made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms. The organic matter in sedimentary rocks that forms petroleum is usually derived from marine plants and animals that died and sank to the bottom of the ocean. Over time, these organic remains can be buried by layers of sediment, and the heat and pressure from the overlying rocks can cause them to be transformed into petroleum. While it is possible for petroleum to be found in other types of rocks, such as metamorphic rocks that have undergone extreme heat and pressure, sedimentary rocks are by far the most common type of rock that contains petroleum. This is because the process of petroleum formation requires the accumulation and burial of organic matter, which is most likely to occur in sedimentary environments such as oceans, lakes, and swamps.

An instrument used for setting out right angle in surveying a parcel of land is

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Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, and science of determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional positions of points and the distances and angles between them

Dodoma is to Tanzania as ______ to Nigeria

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The answer is Abuja. Dodoma is the capital city of Tanzania, and similarly, Abuja is the capital city of Nigeria. Prior to Abuja, Lagos was the capital city of Nigeria. However, due to its rapidly growing population and other challenges, the government decided to move the capital to a more central location in the country, which is Abuja. Therefore, just as Dodoma serves as the political hub of Tanzania, Abuja serves as the political center of Nigeria.

If the distance between two places on a map is 2cm, while the distance on land is 4km, the scale of the map is

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The scale of a map is the ratio of the distance on the map to the actual distance on land. It is usually written as a fraction, like 1:100,000, where the first number represents the distance on the map and the second number represents the corresponding distance on land. To find the scale of the map in question, we need to divide the actual distance on land (4km) by the distance on the map (2cm). First, we need to convert 4 km to cm: 4 km = 4 x 10^3 m = 4 x 10^3 x 100 cm = 4 x 10^5 cm Now, we divide the actual distance on land (4 x 10^5 cm) by the distance on the map (2 cm): (4 x 10^5 cm) / (2 cm) = 2 x 10^5 So the scale of the map is 1 : 2 x 10^5, which is equivalent to 1:200,000.

Soil conservation can be achieved through___________-

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Soil conservation is the preventing of soil loss from erosion or reduced fertility caused by over usage, acidification, salinization or other chemical soil contamination

How long does it take the mercury to make a complete revolution?

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The answer is 88 days. Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun, and it orbits around the Sun at a very fast pace. It takes approximately 88 Earth days for Mercury to make one complete orbit around the Sun. This means that Mercury completes about 4 orbits in the time it takes Earth to complete 1 orbit. Because of its fast orbit and close proximity to the Sun, Mercury experiences extreme temperature variations, with temperatures ranging from over 800 degrees Fahrenheit during the day to -290 degrees Fahrenheit at night.

If the time at the Greenwich Meridian is 11.00am, what would the local time be at a place 750W?

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Time at GMT is 11am, 150 = 1 hour, 750 gives us 5 hours

  The West looses, therefore

  11am - 5hours = 6:00am.

  Option D is the right answer, all other options are wrong

The most extensive vegetation type in the area marked Z is the

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'It is a port that specializes in receiving and redistributing goods to the neighboring countries'. Which of the following ports is described in the preceding statement?

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The port described in the statement is an Entrepôt. An entrepôt is a port or a place where goods are stored temporarily before being re-exported to other countries. It acts as a distribution center for goods, receiving them from one place and then redistributing them to other places. A ferry port is a place where ferries arrive and depart, carrying passengers and vehicles across bodies of water. An outport is a smaller port that is located away from the main port and is usually used for loading and unloading goods. A river port is a port located on a river and is used for loading and unloading goods and passengers along the river.

All the following are environmental hazards except___________

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The environmental hazard among the given options that is not included is afforestation. Afforestation refers to the process of planting trees in an area where there was no forest, or the forest has been destroyed, and it is typically seen as a positive action for the environment. On the other hand, the other three options are environmental hazards that can have negative impacts on people and the environment. Flooding, for example, can lead to property damage, displacement of people, and loss of life. Vulcanicity, which refers to the movement of magma and volcanic activity, can result in the release of toxic gases, destruction of property, and loss of life. Deforestation, which is the clearing of forests for various human activities, can cause soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and contribute to climate change.

The difference between high tide and low tide is referred to as__________

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The difference between high tide and low tide is referred to as "tidal range". Tidal range is the vertical distance between the highest water level of a high tide and the lowest water level of a low tide. In other words, it is the difference in height between the highest and lowest water levels during a tidal cycle. Tidal range can vary depending on the location, the phase of the moon, and other factors such as weather conditions. It is an important measurement for activities such as boating, fishing, and coastal engineering, as well as for understanding and predicting the effects of sea level changes on coastlines.

The Farthest planet from the sun in the solar system is_______

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The farthest planet from the Sun in the solar system is Pluto. Pluto used to be considered the ninth planet in the solar system, but it was reclassified as a "dwarf planet" in 2006. Pluto's distance from the Sun varies because it has an elliptical orbit, which means that its distance from the Sun changes throughout its orbit. On average, Pluto is about 3.7 billion miles (5.9 billion kilometers) away from the Sun. This makes it much farther from the Sun than any of the eight "traditional" planets in the solar system, including Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. So, to summarize, Pluto is the farthest planet from the Sun in our solar system, even though it's now classified as a dwarf planet.

One of the following does not determine the availability of resources in a country____________

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Evolution does not determine the availability of resources in a country. Evolution refers to the gradual changes in species over time through the process of natural selection. It has no direct effect on the availability of resources in a country. Population, emigration, and morbidity, on the other hand, can influence the availability of resources in a country. A large population can lead to increased demand for resources, while emigration can decrease the number of people using those resources. Morbidity, or the rate of illness and disease in a population, can also impact the availability of resources, as a large portion of the population may require medical attention and resources.

A form of chemical weathering is__________

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The form of chemical weathering is carbonation. Carbonation is a type of chemical weathering that occurs when carbon dioxide from the air reacts with minerals in rocks to form new compounds. This reaction causes the minerals in the rock to dissolve and the rock to become weaker and eventually break down into smaller pieces. This process is important in the formation of soil, as it helps break down rocks and minerals into smaller particles that can be easily transported and mixed into the soil.

The feature is one or the land forms associated with_________

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The feature associated with river erosion is valleys. River erosion occurs when a river's fast-moving water cuts into its riverbed and banks, causing the river to widen and deepen over time. This process creates steep-sided valleys that are wider at the bottom than at the top. The riverbed and banks are constantly being reshaped by the erosive forces of the water, which carry away sediment and rocks. Over time, the river's course may change as it continues to erode and deposit material, carving new valleys and leaving behind a signature of its past path in the form of terraces.

Use the map below to answer the question. The major environmental problems associated with the area marked Y is

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The major environmental problem associated with Area marked Y is____________

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Environmental issues are harmful effects of human activity on the biophysical environment. South Eastern States of Nigeria are heavily affected by gully erosion due to their underlying geology and the serenity of their accompanied surface process.

Use the information given in the chart and answer the question. If the total population of the city is 500,000 what is the population of ward 4?

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A line joining places having an equal degree of cloudiness is an___________

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A line joining places having an equal degree of cloudiness is called an "isoneph". An "isoneph" is a line on a weather map that connects points of equal cloud cover. It helps meteorologists to understand the distribution of clouds in a particular area and to forecast weather patterns. By analyzing the movement of isonephes, they can predict changes in cloud cover and the potential for precipitation.

Study the map and answer the question. The Area covered by the map is approximately

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In which of the following countries is cotton growing under irrigation the mainstay of the agricultural economy?

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Cotton growing under irrigation is the mainstay of the agricultural economy in Sudan. Sudan is one of the largest producers of cotton in Africa and the world, and cotton farming is a major part of its agricultural economy. The country has a long history of growing cotton, with the industry dating back to the early 20th century. Cotton farming in Sudan is mainly done under irrigation due to the arid climate in most parts of the country. The irrigated areas for cotton farming are mainly found in the central and eastern regions of the country, such as the Gezira Scheme, which is one of the largest irrigation projects in the world. Cotton is a major export commodity for Sudan, and the industry employs a significant portion of the country's population. The government has made efforts to promote and support the cotton industry, with initiatives such as providing subsidies to farmers and investing in research and development to improve cotton production and quality. In summary, cotton growing under irrigation is the mainstay of the agricultural economy in Sudan, due to its favorable climate for cotton farming, long history of cotton production, and significant export earnings from the cotton industry.

Which of the following is not a form of mass movement?

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The answer is "earthquake" as it is not a form of mass movement. Mass movement refers to the process by which large amounts of soil, rock, and other debris move down a slope under the influence of gravity. Landslides, rockslides, and talus creep are all examples of mass movement. An earthquake, on the other hand, is a sudden shaking of the earth's surface caused by the movement of tectonic plates. While earthquakes can cause landslides and other types of mass movement, the earthquake itself is not a form of mass movement. Instead, it is a geological event that can trigger mass movement in the surrounding area.

Use the diagram below to answer the question. The feature marked X in the diagram is a

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The feature marked X in the diagram is a cliff. A cliff is a high and steep rock face or earth surface that drops abruptly from a higher to a lower level. It can also be defined as a steep slope or vertical surface, especially one at the edge of a body of water like the ocean or a lake. The diagram shows a rocky surface that slopes down dramatically towards the water, which is a clear indication that it is a cliff.

Lines joining places with same mean annual rainfall are called___________

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Lines joining places with the same mean annual rainfall are called isohyets. Isohyets are lines drawn on a map connecting points that receive the same amount of rainfall in a year. The word "isohyet" comes from the Greek words "iso" meaning "equal" and "hyetos" meaning "rain". These lines help us understand the patterns and distribution of rainfall over a certain area, and can be useful for various purposes such as agriculture, water management, and meteorology.

Use the information given in the chart and answer the question. If the total population of the city is 500,000 what is the population of ward 4?

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The lack of access to food in some parts of the world emanates from

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'It is universal and can reach almost every where'. Which transport mode is being referred to ?

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The transport mode that is being referred to as universal and can reach almost everywhere is the road transport. Road transport refers to the movement of people, goods, or materials on roads using vehicles such as cars, buses, trucks, and motorcycles. The road network is extensive and well-developed in most parts of the world, making it possible for vehicles to reach even the most remote areas. Road transport is flexible and can adapt to different types of cargo, from small packages to large containers. It can also accommodate different types of trips, from short local trips to long-distance journeys. This versatility makes it an important mode of transport for both personal and commercial use. Overall, road transport is a crucial component of modern transportation systems and plays a significant role in the economy and daily life of people around the world.

What type of climate has the station___________

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Climate is the weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period.

The peeling off of surface layers of a rounded boulders during mechanical weathering is called________

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The peeling off of surface layers of a rounded boulder during mechanical weathering is called exfoliation. Exfoliation is a type of mechanical weathering process that occurs when layers of rock or boulder peel off from the surface due to pressure release. The process usually occurs in rocks that have been exposed to intense heat, pressure, and other environmental factors for a long time. As a result of these factors, the rock expands and contracts repeatedly, causing the surface layers to crack and break apart. Over time, these cracks become wider, and the layers begin to peel off, revealing the smooth and rounded boulder underneath. Exfoliation is often seen in granitic rocks, where the outer layers peel off to form concentric layers resembling an onion. The process can also occur in other rock types such as sandstone and shale. Overall, exfoliation is an important geological process that contributes to the breakdown and erosion of rocks over time, shaping the landscape around us.