JAMB UTME - Literature In English - 2018

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The line "Tell me not, sweet, I am unkind" illustrates a paradox. A paradox is a statement or situation that contradicts itself or seems to be untrue or impossible. In this case, the speaker is saying "Tell me not (that I am unkind)," which means "Do not tell me that I am not kind," but at the same time, the speaker is acknowledging that they might be unkind. This creates a contradiction or an apparent absurdity that makes the statement paradoxical. Paradoxes are often used in literature, poetry, or philosophy to challenge conventional thinking and to make the reader or listener think more deeply about a subject.

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The phrase "living death" in a literary work is an example of an "oxymoron." An oxymoron is a figure of speech that combines two contradictory or opposing ideas to create a new phrase or concept. In this case, "living" and "death" are two words that are completely opposite in meaning. "Living" refers to being alive and having a vibrant existence, while "death" refers to the absence of life and the end of existence. By combining these two words into the phrase "living death," the author is able to create a powerful image of a situation or state of being that is both alive and dead at the same time. In literature, oxymorons are often used to create a sense of tension, irony, or paradox. They can also be used to create memorable and thought-provoking phrases that stick in the reader's mind. In the case of "living death," the oxymoron is particularly effective in describing a situation or condition that is both physically alive but emotionally or spiritually dead. This can be used to describe a character who is in a state of despair, depression, or hopelessness, or to describe a situation that is stagnant, unchanging, or lacking in vitality.

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A simile is a figure of speech that makes a comparison, showing similarities between two different things. Unlike a metaphor, a simile draws resemblance with the help of the words “like” or “as.” This means that it is a direct comparison.

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Onomatopoeia is defined as a word which imitates the natural sounds of a thing. It creates a sound effect that mimics the thing described, making the description more expressive and interesting.

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The term that refers to the time and place of a drama is "setting." The setting is the physical and social environment in which a story or drama takes place. It includes the time period, the location, the climate, and the social context of the story. The setting can be a specific place, such as a city, a building, or a room, or it can be a more general location, such as a forest, a beach, or a desert. In drama, the setting is important because it helps to establish the context of the story and provides the audience with a visual and emotional backdrop for the action. The setting can also influence the characters' behavior and motivations, as well as the themes and messages of the drama. Therefore, if someone is referring to the time and place of a drama, they are talking about the setting. It is important to note that the setting is not the same as a scene or an act, which refer to specific parts of the drama rather than the overall environment in which the story takes place.

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The most dominant figure of speech in the excerpt is personification. Personification is a figure of speech in which non-human things are given human qualities or characteristics. In the excerpt, the bed bugs are referred to as "awful parasites" and are accused of "sharing" the bed with the speaker, "awakening" them from their sleep, and "sucking" blood from their head. These actions are all human qualities that are attributed to the bed bugs, which are non-human. This creates a sense of empathy between the speaker and the bed bugs, and also serves to emphasize the speaker's annoyance and frustration with the bed bugs. The other options - metaphor, simile, and hyperbole - do not accurately describe the dominant figure of speech in the excerpt.

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An Author is who writes a prose

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The element that describes sections of text within a chapter, which are separated and contain dialogue, is Paragraphs. Paragraphs are groups of sentences that focus on a particular topic or idea. They are separated by a line break or an indentation to indicate a new thought or a change in the speaker or the setting. In a novel or a story, paragraphs often contain dialogue, which is the spoken words of the characters in the story. Dialogue can help to advance the plot, reveal character traits, and create tension or conflict between characters. Syncopation refers to a musical rhythm that emphasizes the off-beat, and is not directly related to writing. Free verse is a form of poetry that does not follow traditional rhyme and meter patterns, and does not necessarily contain dialogue. Euphony refers to the pleasant sound of words and is more of a stylistic choice in writing, rather than a structural element like paragraphs.

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Fable is a literary genre: a succinct fictional story, in prose or verse, that features animals, legendary creatures, plants, inanimate objects, or forces of nature that are anthropomorphized (given human qualities, such as the ability to speak human language) and that illustrates or leads to a particular moral lesson...

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Maelezo ya Majibu

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Yaremi's only son is Alani.

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The speaker of the excerpt above is Brabantio. In this passage, Brabantio is expressing his shock and dismay at the news that his daughter, Desdemona, has eloped with Othello. He exclaims, "O heaven; How got she out? O treason of the blood!," expressing his disbelief that his own daughter could have betrayed him in such a way. Brabantio then addresses his fellow fathers, warning them not to trust their daughters based solely on their outward actions. He suggests that there may be charms or tricks that can be used to deceive them and corrupt their "property of youth and maid-hood." Overall, Brabantio's speech highlights the theme of deception and the danger of trusting appearances in the play, as well as the tension between fathers and daughters in Elizabethan society.

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A "sub-chapter" in a piece of drama is called a "scene." A scene is a section of a play that takes place in a specific location and time, and involves a particular set of characters. Think of it like a short chapter within a larger story. Scenes can be used to advance the plot, develop characters, or provide exposition to the audience. Within an act, there can be multiple scenes that help to structure the play and keep the story moving forward.

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In the theatre, words spoken by a character that are meant to be heard by the audience but not by the other characters on stage is called an "aside." An aside is a dramatic device in which the character speaks directly to the audience, often revealing their thoughts or feelings, providing additional context or commentary, or simply adding humor or drama to the scene. It is different from a soliloquy, which is a longer speech that is delivered by a character alone on stage, and not addressed to any other character or the audience. "Acoustic" refers to sound, and "tone" refers to the quality or character of a sound or voice, but neither term is specific to the theatre or to the definition provided.

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Verbal irony refers to a device in which the speaker means the opposite of what they say. In other words, the speaker says one thing but actually means the opposite. This can be used for humorous purposes or to make a sarcastic or critical comment. For example, if someone says "what a beautiful day" on a rainy and gloomy day, they are using verbal irony because they do not actually mean that it is a beautiful day.

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The climax (turning point) of a narrative work is its point of highest tension between the protagonist and the antagonist in a drama

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In George Orwell's novel "Nineteen Eighty-Four," Room 101 symbolizes a place of "torture." It is a place in the Ministry of Love where prisoners are taken and subjected to their worst fears and phobias. The purpose of Room 101 is to break a person's spirit and make them betray their deepest-held beliefs and loyalties. The protagonist of the novel, Winston Smith, is taken to Room 101 and subjected to the most excruciating pain and terror he can imagine. The idea is that once a person has been broken in Room 101, they become completely subservient to the Party and are willing to do whatever it takes to avoid being sent back there. Overall, Room 101 symbolizes the ultimate power of the Party and the extent to which it is willing to go to maintain control over its citizens. It represents the darkest and most terrifying aspects of the totalitarian regime that Orwell warns against in his novel.

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The element of drama that tells the actor what to do is the "stage directions." Stage directions are written instructions in a script that describe the physical actions, movements, and expressions of the characters, as well as the placement of props and set pieces on the stage. These instructions are usually indicated in italics or enclosed in brackets and are intended to guide the actors, director, and other production team members on how to bring the play to life. For example, a stage direction might indicate that a character should enter from stage left, pick up a pen from the desk, and begin writing a letter while pacing back and forth. Actors use these stage directions as a roadmap to bring their characters to life, and to help create a cohesive and believable performance for the audience.

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In J.P Clark's "Wives Revolt," the women settle at Iyara as a way to prevent reconciliation with their husbands. They did this because they were unhappy with their treatment by their husbands and wanted to take a stand to show that they wouldn't tolerate it any longer. By settling at Iyara, the women were making it clear that they were not going to return to their previous situation and were willing to take action to achieve their goals.

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"Peter's pretty partner paid the bills" is an example of alliteration. Alliteration is a literary device where words in a phrase or sentence repeat the same sound, usually the first sound, creating a musical or rhythmic effect. In the phrase "Peter's pretty partner paid the bills," the repeated "p" sound is an example of alliteration.

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A group of lines in poetry is called a "Stanza". A stanza is a unit of a poem, similar to a paragraph in prose, made up of a group of lines often separated by a blank line. Stanzas help to divide a poem into sections and can have a specific structure, such as the number of lines or rhyme scheme.

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Tennyson's "Ulysses" is a poem about the heroic spirit . It expresses luxuriance of imagination and control over it.

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Drama is the representation of a complete series of actions through the use of speech, movement, and gesture. This can be performed on stage, screen, and radio. In drama, actors use their bodies, voices, and movements to bring the story to life and convey the emotions and actions of the characters they are portraying. Drama can be performed in a variety of settings, but regardless of the medium, it always involves the use of speech, movement, and gesture to tell a story.

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Othello kills Desdemona because the former is jealous. In the play, Othello is consumed by jealousy after Iago, his trusted ensign, convinces him that his wife, Desdemona, has been unfaithful with Cassio, one of his officers. Othello's jealousy leads him to kill Desdemona, despite her protests of innocence.

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A literary device in which parts of a sentence are grammatically the same, or are similar in construction is known as "Parallelism". Parallelism is the repetition of a grammatical structure in a sentence to create balance and emphasis. It is used to add clarity and emphasis to a sentence and make it more memorable.

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The correct answer is "soliloquy". A soliloquy is a literary device used in a play where a character speaks their thoughts aloud, as if talking to themselves, without any other characters present or listening. It is often used to reveal the innermost thoughts and emotions of the character, and can provide insight into their motivations and actions. Soliloquies are typically delivered by one character alone on stage, and can be either serious or comedic in tone. Shakespeare is famous for using soliloquies in his plays, such as Hamlet's "To be or not to be" speech.

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