JAMB UTME - Geography - 2019

The process by which organic matter is decomposed and synthesized to form part of the soil is known as

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The process by which organic matter is decomposed and synthesized to form part of the soil is known as humification. Humification is the process by which organic matter, such as dead plant material or animal waste, is broken down into simpler organic compounds by microorganisms in the soil. These simpler compounds are then combined and restructured into more complex organic molecules known as humus. Humus is a dark, organic material that is an essential component of healthy soil. It helps to retain water and nutrients, improves soil structure, and supports the growth of plants. Humification is an important part of the natural cycle of nutrient recycling in ecosystems, as it returns nutrients back to the soil for future plant growth.

Urban and Rural Settlements are differentiated by their

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Urban and rural settlements are differentiated by their function and location. Urban settlements are typically characterized by a high population density and a high level of economic and social activity. They are usually located in or near large cities and serve as centers of commerce, industry, and culture. Urban areas often have a diverse range of amenities and services, including shops, restaurants, entertainment venues, and public transportation. Rural settlements, on the other hand, are typically characterized by a lower population density and a lower level of economic and social activity. They are often located in more remote or isolated areas and serve primarily as centers of agricultural activity. Rural areas may have fewer amenities and services than urban areas, but they often offer a quieter and more natural way of life. In summary, the main differences between urban and rural settlements lie in their function and location. Urban areas are characterized by high population density and a diverse range of economic and social activity, while rural areas are characterized by lower population density and a focus on agricultural activity.

An example of a non-renewable resource is

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A non-renewable resource is a resource that cannot be easily replenished or regenerated. An example of a non-renewable resource is mineral, such as coal, oil, and natural gas. These resources are formed over millions of years and are finite, meaning they will eventually run out. Unlike renewable resources, like wind and solar power, which can be replenished, non-renewable resources are being consumed faster than they can be replaced. This is why it's important to use these resources wisely and find alternative energy sources to preserve them for future generations.

The most densely populated city which is also the capital of a country in Africa is

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The most densely populated city which is also the capital of a country in Africa is Cairo, the capital city of Egypt. Cairo is not only the largest city in Egypt but also in the entire African continent, with a population of over 9 million people. It has a very high population density of about 48,000 people per square kilometer, making it one of the most densely populated cities in the world. Cairo is located in the northeastern part of Egypt, along the banks of the River Nile, and it has been the political and cultural center of Egypt for centuries. The city is home to several historical and cultural landmarks such as the Great Sphinx, the Pyramids of Giza, and the Egyptian Museum, which attracts millions of tourists every year. Cairo's population density can be attributed to several factors, including the city's history, economic opportunities, and population growth. The city has experienced significant population growth over the years, with people from rural areas moving to the city in search of employment opportunities and a better quality of life. Additionally, the city's location along the Nile River has also contributed to its high population density, as it has facilitated the growth of agriculture and trade in the region. Overall, Cairo's high population density is a reflection of the challenges faced by many rapidly growing cities in developing countries, including urbanization, lack of adequate infrastructure, and limited resources.

Lakes kivu and Malawi are related in that they

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Lake Kivu and Lake Malawi are related in that they are both rift valley lakes. Rift valley lakes are formed when tectonic plates move apart, creating a depression that fills with water. Lake Kivu is located in the Albertine Rift, which is part of the East African Rift System, while Lake Malawi is located in the East African Rift. Despite their similarities, the two lakes are located in different parts of the African continent - Lake Kivu is located in Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo, while Lake Malawi is located in Malawi, Tanzania, and Mozambique.

A country well known for the production of Copper in Africa is

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Zambia is a country in Africa that is well-known for its production of copper. Copper is a metal that is widely used in many industries, and Zambia is one of the largest producers of this metal in Africa. In Zambia, copper is extracted from the ground and then processed into different forms, such as wire, pipes, and other products. The mining industry is a major contributor to the economy of Zambia, and the country's copper mines help to provide jobs and support the local economy.

The world leading producer of cocoa is

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The world's leading producer of cocoa is Ghana. Cocoa is a key ingredient used in the production of chocolate and many other sweet treats. Ghana is one of the largest exporters of cocoa in the world, with over 20% of global cocoa production coming from Ghanaian farms. Cocoa is grown in several regions of the country, with the Ashanti region being the largest cocoa-producing region in Ghana. The favorable climate and soil conditions in Ghana make it an ideal location for growing cocoa, which is why it has become such an important industry in the country. Cocoa production plays a significant role in the Ghanaian economy, providing jobs and income for many people.

A government policy which is likely to encourage massive importation of goods into a country is the

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The likely policy to encourage massive importation of goods into a country is the relaxation of currency control. Currency control refers to the regulations and restrictions placed on the use of a country's currency by its government. Relaxation of currency control means that the government is loosening its restrictions on the use of the country's currency, making it easier for people and businesses to buy goods from other countries. When currency controls are relaxed, it becomes easier for people and businesses to exchange their local currency for foreign currency to pay for imports. This can lead to an increase in the importation of goods into the country.

Which of these statements is true warm ocean currents?

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Warm ocean currents flow from the equator to the poles. These currents carry warm water from the equator, where the water is heated by the sun, to areas closer to the poles, where the water releases heat to the atmosphere and cools down. This movement of warm water helps regulate the Earth's climate by transferring heat from the equator to other parts of the planet.

The obudu plateau of the cross River Basin is economically noted for

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The Obudu Plateau in the Cross River Basin is economically noted for several activities, including cattle ranching, tourism, tea and coffee plantations, and exploitation of forest resources. However, one of the most notable economic activities in the Obudu Plateau is cattle ranching. The plateau's cool and suitable climate makes it an ideal location for cattle farming and the rearing of other livestock. Tourism is also another important economic activity in the Obudu Plateau. The plateau is known for its beautiful landscapes, waterfalls, and other natural attractions that draw tourists from all over the world. In addition to these, the Obudu Plateau also has tea and coffee plantations, which are grown and processed for local and international consumption. The exploitation of forest resources is also an important economic activity, as the plateau is home to a rich diversity of flora and fauna. Finally, the generation of hydroelectricity is also a notable economic activity in the Obudu Plateau, as the high altitude and abundant water resources provide ample opportunities for the generation of hydroelectric power.

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Some of the solid minerals found in Nigeria are

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The highest lands in Nigeria are found on the

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The highest lands in Nigeria are found on the Mambilla Plateau. The Mambilla Plateau is located in Taraba State in the eastern part of Nigeria, and it is the highest plateau in Nigeria. The plateau has an average elevation of about 1,524 meters (5,000 feet) above sea level, with some parts reaching as high as 1,830 meters (6,000 feet). The Mambilla Plateau is a popular tourist destination because of its cool climate, scenic beauty, and rich cultural heritage. The plateau is home to several ethnic groups, including the Mambilla people, who have a unique culture and traditional way of life. The plateau is also known for its rich agricultural potential and is a major producer of tea, coffee, and other crops. In summary, the Mambilla Plateau is the highest land in Nigeria, and it is located in Taraba State in the eastern part of the country. It has a high elevation and is a popular tourist destination known for its cool climate, scenic beauty, and rich cultural heritage.

A climate that is wet for up to 10 months with a single peak, an annual rainfall of 3000mm and a mean monthly temperature of at least 26° is

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The climate described, with a long wet season of up to 10 months, high annual rainfall of 3000mm, and a mean monthly temperature of at least 26°, is most likely a tropical monsoon climate (Am). Tropical monsoon climates are characterized by a distinct dry season and a long, wet season, with most of the precipitation falling during the wet season. The mean monthly temperature in this climate is high, generally above 18°C, and typically exceeds 26°C during the wet season. In contrast, tropical humid (Af) climates are characterized by a year-round high rainfall, with no distinct dry season, and mean monthly temperatures generally above 18°C. Tropical wet and dry (Aw) climates have distinct dry and wet seasons, with the dry season lasting longer than in the monsoon climate. Warm humid subtropical (Cfa) climates have hot summers and cool winters, with precipitation distributed throughout the year. These climates are found in the subtropics and have a mean temperature of at least 10°C in the coldest month.

The best technique to prevent soil erosion in a humid, gently sloping area is to adopt

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The best technique to prevent soil erosion in a humid, gently sloping area is contour ridging. Contour ridging involves creating ridges that run along the contour lines of the slope, which helps to slow down the flow of water across the surface of the soil. This technique helps to trap water, reduce its speed, and allow it to penetrate into the soil. By reducing the speed of water, contour ridging also helps to reduce the amount of soil that is carried away by the water, which reduces erosion. Terrace cultivation and intercropping can also be effective techniques for reducing erosion, but they are generally better suited to steeper slopes. Wind breakers can help to reduce erosion caused by wind, but they are not as effective for preventing erosion caused by water. In summary, contour ridging is the best technique for preventing soil erosion in a humid, gently sloping area because it helps to slow down the flow of water and reduce erosion, and it is well-suited to this type of terrain.

An example of a landform produced by glaciation is

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A cirque is an example of a landform produced by glaciation. A cirque is a bowl-shaped depression on a mountainside with steep walls formed by glacial erosion. As a glacier moves down a mountain, it erodes the bedrock through a combination of abrasion and plucking. Abrasion occurs when the glacier grinds against the bedrock and wears it away, while plucking occurs when the glacier freezes onto the bedrock and pulls it away as the glacier moves downhill. Over time, this erosion can form a deep, steep-sided hollow or cirque on the mountainside. Cirques are often the starting point for the formation of other glacial landforms, such as u-shaped valleys and horn peaks. As a glacier continues to erode the mountainside, it can deepen and widen the cirque, creating a u-shaped valley. If multiple glaciers erode back-to-back cirques on a single mountain, it can leave behind a horn peak or a jagged, triangular peak at the mountain summit. Overall, cirques are a classic example of a landform produced by the slow, powerful forces of glaciation.

Soil texture is determined primarily by

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Soil texture is primarily determined by the particle sizes of the mineral components in the soil. These mineral particles can range in size from large rocks to tiny clay particles. The three main particle size classes that determine soil texture are sand, silt, and clay. Sand particles are the largest, ranging in size from 0.05 to 2.0 millimeters. Silt particles are smaller, ranging from 0.002 to 0.05 millimeters. Clay particles are the smallest, less than 0.002 millimeters in size. The proportion of these particle sizes in the soil determines its texture. Soil texture is an important factor that affects many soil properties, including water-holding capacity, drainage, nutrient availability, and the ability of roots to grow. Soil texture is also used as a basis for soil classification, with different textures having different names, such as sandy loam, clay loam, and silty clay.

The eucalyptus is to the Australian woodland as the teak is to the

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The eucalyptus tree is native to Australia and is commonly found in the Australian woodland. Similarly, the teak tree is native to the monsoon forests in Southeast Asia. Just as the eucalyptus is a defining species of the Australian woodland, the teak is a defining species of the monsoon forest.

Kano is a major population centre in Nigeria because its

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Kano is a major population center in Nigeria because of its early religious and economic significance. Kano has been a center of trade and commerce for centuries, and its location along the trans-Saharan trade routes made it an important stop for merchants and traders. Additionally, Kano has a rich history of Islam, with the city serving as a center of Islamic learning and culture. These factors, combined with its large population of Hausa-speaking indigenes, have helped make Kano one of the largest and most populous cities in Nigeria.

A good example of cuesta landscape in Nigeria is

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The Udi hills can be considered as a good example of a cuesta landscape in Nigeria. A cuesta is a type of landform that is formed from the erosion of layered rocks. It is characterized by a gentle slope on one side and a steep slope on the other side. The Udi hills have this characteristic and are composed of sandstone and shale, which have been tilted and eroded over time, forming the cuesta landscape. This area is also known for its scenic beauty and rich cultural heritage, making it an interesting place to visit.

The Harbel Plantation in Liberia is noted for large-scale production of

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The Harbel Plantation in Liberia is noted for large-scale production of rubber. Rubber is a material made from the sap of rubber trees, which is collected, processed, and turned into various products such as tires, gloves, and rubber bands. The Harbel Plantation is significant because it was one of the first large-scale rubber plantations in Liberia, established in the early 20th century by the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company. The plantation continues to produce rubber to this day and has played an important role in the development of the country's rubber industry.

The Nigerian town which owed much of their growth in the 20th century to the development of the railway include

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Which of the following pairs of cities have both seaport and international airport?

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The pair of cities that have both a seaport and an international airport are Lagos and San Francisco. Lagos is the largest city in Nigeria, located on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, and it is home to the Lagos Port Complex, which is one of the largest and busiest ports in Africa. Lagos is also served by the Murtala Muhammed International Airport, which is the main airport in Nigeria and serves as a hub for many airlines. San Francisco is a city in California, United States, located on the coast of the Pacific Ocean. The city is served by the Port of San Francisco, which is the fourth largest port in California and handles a variety of cargo, including containers, automobiles, and dry bulk. San Francisco is also served by the San Francisco International Airport, which is one of the busiest airports in the United States and a major gateway to Asia and the Pacific. Kampala and Mombasa, Rio de Janeiro and Johannesburg, and New York and Warri do not have both a seaport and an international airport. Kampala is the capital city of Uganda, located inland and does not have a seaport. Mombasa is a port city in Kenya located on the coast, but its airport, Moi International Airport, serves only domestic and regional flights. Rio de Janeiro is a coastal city in Brazil, known for its beautiful beaches and famous landmarks. The city has a seaport, the Port of Rio de Janeiro, which is one of the busiest ports in Brazil, but its airport, the Rio de Janeiro/Galeão International Airport, serves mainly domestic and regional flights. Johannesburg is the largest city in South Africa and a major economic hub on the African continent, but it is not located on the coast and does not have a seaport. The city is served by the O.R. Tambo International Airport, which is the busiest airport in Africa and a major hub for international flights. New York is a major city on the East Coast of the United States, located on the Atlantic Ocean, and is home to the Port of New York and New Jersey, one of the largest ports in the world. However, its main airport, the John F. Kennedy International Airport, is an international airport that serves numerous destinations worldwide, but it does not have a seaport nearby. Warri is a city in Nigeria, located in the Niger Delta region, and is home to the Warri Port, which is one of the major ports in Nigeria. However, its airport, the Osubi Airstrip, is a small airport that serves only domestic flights.

An igneous rock with distinct grains of mica, fieldspar and quartz is

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The igneous rock with distinct grains of mica, feldspar, and quartz is granite. Granite is a type of igneous rock that is formed by the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. It is composed of several minerals, including quartz, feldspar, and mica. These minerals give granite its characteristic speckled appearance and make it a popular choice for building and decorative purposes. Mica is a shiny mineral that appears in thin, flat sheets and gives granite its distinctive glittery look. Feldspar is a group of minerals that are very common in igneous rocks and make up the majority of granite's composition. Quartz is a hard, mineral that is often found in igneous rocks and contributes to granite's durability. In summary, if you find an igneous rock with distinct grains of mica, feldspar, and quartz, it is most likely granite.

Petroleum Industry

Iron and Steel industry

Cosmetics Industry

Automobile Industry7.2°

172.8°

115.2°

43.2°

21.6°

The table above shows the employment distribution in a town with the share of the different industries depicted in degrees of a pie chart. The total number of workers in the town is 25,000.

The proportion of workers in the iron and steel industry, in relation to the number off workers in the town is

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An example of argillaceous rock is

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If the standard time of a country is GMT + 1hr, which longitude's local time is adopted by the country?

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The standard time of a country is determined by the longitude of its location on the Earth. A time zone is a region that has the same standard time, and time zones are typically defined as an offset from the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). In this case, the country has a standard time of GMT + 1 hour, which means it is one hour ahead of the UTC. The longitude that corresponds to this time zone is the one located 15° east of the Prime Meridian, which runs from the North Pole to the South Pole and passes through the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London, England. So, the local time adopted by the country is 15°E.

The highest category of rural settlement is the

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The highest category of rural settlement is a village. A village is a small, rural community that typically consists of a group of houses and other buildings, surrounded by farmland. People in a village often have close-knit relationships and rely on each other for support. Villages often have a central area where people gather for social events and activities, such as a village green or town square. Villages may also have basic amenities such as a school, a post office, and a general store. In comparison, a homestead refers to a house and the surrounding land that is used for farming or other agricultural purposes. A hut is a small, simple dwelling, often made of natural materials like mud or thatch. A hamlet is a small settlement, similar to a village, but with a smaller population and fewer amenities.

The development of a climax vegetation in the Savannah belt of Nigeria is disturbed mainly by

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The development of climax vegetation in the savannah belt of Nigeria is mainly disturbed by bush burning. This is because frequent burning of the grassland destroys the vegetation cover, which can prevent the establishment of trees and other woody plants that are characteristic of climax vegetation. Bush burning also leads to a reduction in soil nutrients, making it difficult for plants to grow. Although activities such as lumbering, mining, and animal grazing can also contribute to the disturbance of climax vegetation, they are not the main cause. Lumbering and mining, for example, involve the removal of trees and vegetation, but these activities are typically limited in scale and do not occur as frequently as bush burning. Animal grazing can also have an impact on vegetation, but it is usually managed in a way that allows for the recovery of the grassland. Therefore, it is the frequent and uncontrolled practice of bush burning that is the primary cause of disturbance to the development of climax vegetation in the savannah belt of Nigeria.

The South Pole is in darkness from

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What is the birth rate of a country with a total population of 150,000,000 and registered births of 3,000,000 in a given year?

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To calculate the birth rate of a country, we need to divide the number of registered births by the total population of the country and then multiply by 100 to get a percentage. In this case, the number of registered births is 3,000,000, and the total population of the country is 150,000,000. So the birth rate is (3,000,000 / 150,000,000) x 100, which simplifies to 2%. Therefore, the answer is%, meaning that the birth rate of the given country is 2%.

Examples of fold mountains in Africa are

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The Stevenson's screen is raised about one meter above the ground in order to avoid

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The Stevenson's screen is a box used to house weather instruments that measure temperature, humidity, and other meteorological variables. It is raised about one meter above the ground to avoid the heat from the ground. When the screen is placed on the ground, it can absorb and radiate heat from the ground, which can affect the accuracy of temperature measurements. By raising it one meter above the ground, the screen is more exposed to the free atmosphere and less affected by the heat from the ground. Additionally, raising the screen helps to reduce the impact of raindrops entering the instruments during heavy rainfall. The height also helps to avoid the effects of nearby trees and other obstacles that could affect wind flow around the instruments and affect the measurements. Therefore, the main reason for raising the Stevenson's screen one meter above the ground is to ensure that the weather instruments inside are measuring the temperature and other meteorological variables accurately and without interference from external factors.

Sugar Plantations in Africa are most highly developed in the lowlands of

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Sugar Plantations in Africa are most highly developed in the lowlands of Natal and Mozambique. These two regions have warm climates and fertile soils, which are ideal conditions for growing sugarcane, a plant used to make sugar. The lowlands of Natal and Mozambique are also close to ports, which makes it easier to export the sugar that is produced. Because of these factors, the sugar industry has flourished in these regions, making them the most highly developed areas for sugar production in Africa.

If M is due west of station N, the bearing of M from N is

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If M is due west of station N, it means that M is directly to the left of N when you are facing North. In terms of bearings, due west corresponds to a bearing of 270°. To understand why, imagine standing at station N and facing North. You can think of bearings as angles measured in a clockwise direction from North. A bearing of 0° would correspond to due North, a bearing of 90° would correspond to due East, and so on. Since M is due west, it is directly to your left when you are facing North, which means it is 90 degrees to your left. If you add 90° to the 180° bearing of due South, you get 270°, which is the bearing of M from N. So, the correct answer is 270°.

A poor settlement on the edge of a city is known as

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Migration can contribute to solving the problems of rural areas by

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The survival of an organism in a natural ecosystem depends largely on

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The survival of an organism in a natural ecosystem depends largely on its adaptation to prevailing conditions. This means that the organism must be able to adapt to the environment in which it lives, in order to be able to survive and reproduce. This includes factors such as the availability of food and water, the presence of predators, the climate, and other environmental factors. When an organism is able to adapt to its environment, it is better able to compete with other organisms and increase its chances of survival.

The sex ratio of any population may be affected by

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Which of the following factors may lead to an area being densely populated?

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Lowland plains may lead to an area being densely populated because they provide fertile land for agriculture, easy transportation and communication routes, and access to water sources. Lowland plains are typically flat, which makes it easier to build roads, buildings, and other infrastructure, and also makes it more conducive for farming. In addition, lowland areas tend to have more moderate climates and are less prone to natural disasters, such as floods or landslides, which can make them more attractive to settlers. Overall, the combination of fertile land, ease of transportation and communication, access to water sources, and favorable climate can all contribute to high population density in lowland areas.