JAMB UTME - Music - 2018

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The Italian term "pizzicato" means "plucked" in English. It is a musical term used to indicate that a stringed instrument such as a violin, viola, or cello should be played by plucking the strings with the fingers instead of using a bow. This produces a distinctive sound that is different from the usual bowed sound of these instruments. So, to summarize, "pizzicato" means plucking the strings of a stringed instrument with the fingers.

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The special words that are said to have magical effects are referred to as "incantation". An incantation is a set of words or phrases that are spoken or chanted with the intention of producing a magical effect or invoking a supernatural entity. These words are often believed to have the power to influence the world around us in some way, such as healing the sick, warding off evil, or bringing good luck. Incantations are often used in religious ceremonies, rituals, and spells, and are found in many different cultures around the world. They are typically spoken in a special tone or rhythm to enhance their effectiveness and are sometimes accompanied by gestures or other actions.

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"Rock The Party" is a hit song by Nigerian musician D'banj. D'banj is a popular Nigerian singer, songwriter, and harmonica player, who is known for his contributions to the Nigerian music industry. He has released several hit songs, and "Rock The Party" is one of them. The song was released in 2008 and was featured on his album "The Entertainer". The track features a fusion of afrobeats, pop and hip-hop elements, with catchy lyrics that encourage listeners to let loose and have a good time. It quickly became a fan favorite and has since become a classic in Nigerian music, with its popularity still resonating today.

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The song entitled Swing Low, Swing Chariot is an example of a Negro Spiritual. Negro Spirituals are religious songs created by enslaved African Americans in the United States during the 18th and 19th centuries. These songs often contained coded messages about freedom, hope, and perseverance, as well as references to Biblical stories and characters. Swing Low, Swing Chariot is a well-known Negro Spiritual that is believed to have been composed by enslaved Africans in the United States, and it continues to be performed and enjoyed by people around the world.

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The composer who wrote compositions using the atonal style is Schoenberg. Atonality is a musical term used to describe music that lacks a tonal center or key. It means that the music does not revolve around a single pitch or chord as its main point of reference, which is the case in traditional tonal music. Instead, atonal music is often characterized by dissonant and unresolved harmonies. Schoenberg is one of the most famous composers associated with atonal music. He is considered the pioneer of the twelve-tone technique, which is a method of composing music that ensures all twelve notes of the chromatic scale are used equally without any one note or pitch dominating the others. This technique allows for the creation of music that is completely atonal or dissonant, but still maintains a sense of coherence and structure. On the other hand, Stravinsky, Schubert, and Smetana are not generally associated with atonal music. Stravinsky is best known for his neoclassical works, which often incorporate elements of traditional tonality. Schubert was a composer of the Romantic era, and his music is typically characterized by its beautiful melodies and rich harmonies. Smetana was a Czech composer known for his nationalist works that drew inspiration from Bohemian folk music. None of these composers are generally considered to be associated with atonal music.

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The combination of a string quartet is 2 violins, 1 viola and 1 cello. A string quartet is a musical ensemble consisting of four string players who play instruments that are typically bowed or plucked, such as violins, viola, and cello. The most common and traditional combination of a string quartet is two violins, one viola, and one cello. This combination of instruments provides a wide range of sound and tone, and allows for complex and intricate harmonies to be created. While there are other combinations of string instruments that can create beautiful music, the combination of two violins, one viola, and one cello is considered the classic and most recognized form of a string quartet.

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The musical form of the Nigerian National Anthem is "stanzaic". This means that the anthem is composed of several stanzas or verses that are sung to the same music. In the case of the Nigerian National Anthem, there are two stanzas, each with its own lyrics, but both sung to the same melody. This is a common form for national anthems, as it allows for a simple, memorable melody to be used throughout the entire song, while still allowing for variations in the lyrics to express different ideas and themes.

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Based on the order of the notes from lowest to highest pitch, the triad above is in first inversion. In a triad, there are three notes stacked on top of each other, and the position of the notes determines the inversion of the triad. In a first inversion triad, the bottom note of the triad is not the root note, but rather the third of the chord. In the example given, the bottom note is an E, which is the third of the chord. The middle note is a G, which is the fifth of the chord, and the top note is a C, which is the root of the chord. Therefore, the triad is in first inversion.

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The English word for "vivac" is "bivouac." Bivouac refers to a temporary encampment, typically without tents or cover, used by soldiers or mountaineers. It can also be used as a verb to mean to set up such an encampment. For example, if a group of hikers decides to set up a temporary camp in the mountains without tents or cover, they could say that they are bivouacking. Therefore, "fast and lively," "slow," and "sustained" are not related to the meaning of vivac or bivouac, so they are not the correct answer. "Slow and steady" could describe the pace at which someone sets up a bivouac, but it is not the actual word for vivac.

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The nationalistic work known as the folk symphony was composed by Fela Sowande. A folk symphony is a piece of music that combines Western classical music with elements of traditional folk music from a particular country or region. Fela Sowande was a Nigerian composer and musician who was passionate about preserving and promoting African music. He composed the folk symphony in the 1940s, which blends the sounds and rhythms of African folk music with the structure and instrumentation of a Western classical symphony. The work is considered to be an important contribution to African classical music and a celebration of Nigeria's cultural heritage.

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The pitch in the stave above sounds like "D". This is because the note head (the black circle) is located on the second line of the stave, which represents the note "D". The other options, E flat, E, and D flat, would be represented by note heads located on different lines or spaces of the stave. Therefore, the answer is "D".

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The song "I Call It Love" is a hit song by Lionel Richie. Lionel Richie is a famous American singer, songwriter, and musician who rose to fame in the 1970s and 1980s as a member of the Commodores and later as a solo artist. "I Call It Love" was released as a single in 2006 from his album "Coming Home". The song became a hit in several countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada. Kelvin Lyttle, Steve Wonder, and Issac Hayes are all famous musicians in their own right, but they did not release the song "I Call It Love". Therefore, the correct answer is Lionel Richie.

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The song entitled "Can We Chill?" was composed by Ne-Yo. He is a Grammy-winning American singer, songwriter, and record producer known for his R&B and pop hits such as "So Sick," "Miss Independent," and "Closer." "Can We Chill?" is a track from his 2007 album "Because of You." The song features Ne-Yo's smooth vocals over a mellow beat, with lyrics describing a desire to slow things down and spend some quality time with a romantic interest. Overall, Ne-Yo's distinctive style and catchy melodies have made him a popular artist in the R&B and pop music scenes.

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Based on the key signature, the melody in the score above is in the key of D major. Key signature is the set of sharps or flats placed at the beginning of a musical staff to indicate the key of the music. In this score, there are two sharps placed at the beginning of the staff, which are located on the lines of F# and C#. This key signature matches the key of D major, which has F# and C# as its two sharps. Additionally, the final note of the piece is a D, which further confirms that the piece is in the key of D major.

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Umoja is a traditional dance group from South Africa. The group is based in Durban, a coastal city in the province of KwaZulu-Natal. The name "Umoja" is a Swahili word that means "unity". The dance group was formed in 2001 by Themba Mkhize and Todd Twala, with the aim of promoting African culture and unity through traditional dance and music. Umoja's performances feature a variety of traditional dances from different regions of South Africa, including Zulu, Xhosa, and Sotho. The group also incorporates other African dance styles, such as gumboot dancing and pantsula. Their performances are accompanied by live music, including traditional African instruments like the marimba and djembe. Umoja has toured extensively throughout South Africa and internationally, performing in countries such as the United Kingdom, the United States, and Australia. Their performances have been praised for their energetic and colorful displays of African culture and have helped to promote South African music and dance around the world.

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The classical blues typically consists of 12 bars. This means that the musical structure of the blues is divided into 12 measures or sections, each lasting for a specific amount of time. The 12-bar blues structure is a fundamental part of the blues genre and has been used in countless blues songs throughout history. It is characterized by a repeating chord progression that follows a specific pattern, typically consisting of three chords: the tonic (I), the subdominant (IV), and the dominant (V) chords. The lyrics of blues songs often follow a specific form as well, with the first line repeated and the second and third lines rhyming with each other. The 12-bar blues has been used in a wide range of music genres, from rock and roll to jazz to country music, and it remains a cornerstone of modern popular music.

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Martellato is an Italian word that is often used in music to describe a particular type of articulation. Martellato means "hammered" in English, and it is a technique where the musician forcefully strikes the note with the bow or mallets to produce a sharp and percussive sound. This technique is commonly used in music for percussion instruments, strings, and brass, and it can add a dynamic and rhythmic quality to the music. So in short, martellato means "hammered" and it is a technique used by musicians to create a sharp, percussive sound.

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The Griots of Senegambia are examples of wandering musicians. Griots are a group of traveling musicians and storytellers from the West African countries of Senegal, Gambia, and Mali. They have a rich cultural heritage, and their role is to preserve and transmit the oral history, genealogy, and cultural traditions of their communities through music, poetry, and storytelling. They are highly respected members of their society and play a significant role in community events, such as weddings, funerals, and other important ceremonies. Griots are known for their musical instruments such as the kora, balafon, and ngoni, and their performances are often accompanied by dance and song.

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The Ekpo masquerade is common among the Ibibio people of Nigeria. It is a traditional cultural practice where men dress up in elaborate costumes to perform at festivals and other important events. The Ekpo masquerade is an important part of Ibibio culture and is often used to convey important messages or to celebrate the achievements of community members. While the practice may be observed in other parts of Nigeria and West Africa, it is most closely associated with the Ibibio people.

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When a passage is transposed up by 3\(\frac{1}{2}\) tones, this means that each note in the passage is shifted up by 3 full tones and a half tone, or a total of 7 half tones. For example, if the passage starts with a C note, after transposing up by 3\(\frac{1}{2}\) tones, that C note will become a G note. To determine which key the transposed passage is in, we need to identify the note that the passage starts on after transposition and use that note as the starting point for the key signature. For this question, we don't have any information about the original key of the passage, so we can't use that to help us. Instead, we can simply look at the starting note of the passage after transposition. If the starting note is G, then the key of the transposed passage is G major. If the starting note is some other note, then the key of the transposed passage will be different. Therefore, the answer is (C) G major.

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Allemande is a dance that is typically performed in \(\frac{4}{4}\) time. This means that there are four beats in each measure of music, and each beat is a quarter note. The dance originated in the Renaissance period and was popular in Europe during the 16th and 17th centuries. In the dance, couples face each other and perform a series of steps and turns while holding hands. The steps are graceful and flowing, and the dancers move in a smooth and continuous motion. Today, the Allemande is still danced in some traditional dance communities and is also sometimes performed as part of historical reenactments or Renaissance fairs.

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The text "Sing ye choirs of angels, Sing to God on high" is best represented by as follows: m:m | m:f | s:- | m:- | f:f | r:t | d:- | -:- || Sing ye choirs of angels, Sing to God on high This is because the text is written in English words, and uses the letters and symbols that represent the rhythm and pitch of the words in the melody. The letters and symbols are used to show which notes are higher or lower in pitch, how long they are held, and whether they are sung by a soloist (indicated by an "s") or a choir (indicated by "m" for "mixed choir"). The symbols "|" and ":" are used to show the division of the musical phrases and the length of the notes respectively. Therefore, provides the most accurate and understandable representation of the text in a musical score.

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