WAEC SSCE - Literature In English - 2000

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A short and witty poem is known as an "epigram". Epigrams are usually brief and clever, and often contain a twist or surprise ending. They are often used to make a satirical comment or to provide a humorous perspective on a particular topic. They are commonly used in both poetry and prose, and can be found in many different styles and forms.

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In poetry, a quatrain consists of four lines. A quatrain is a stanza or poem consisting of four lines, often with alternate rhymes. It is a common poetic form used in many different types of poetry. The quatrain can be found in many different styles of poetry including sonnets, ballads, and odes. The four lines in a quatrain can have different meters and rhyme schemes depending on the poem's style and the poet's intention.

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The message in the given extract is in connection with love. Viola, the speaker of these lines, has fallen in love with Duke Orsino but is unable to express her feelings to him directly because she is disguised as a man. In this message, Viola tells the Duke's messenger that Olivia, the woman the Duke loves, will not be seeing any suitors for seven years.

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The dominant device used in the given phrase is alliteration. Alliteration is the repetition of the initial sound in a group of words. In this phrase, the repetition of the "f" sound in "fair breeze," "white foam," and "furrow followed free" creates an alliteration. It emphasizes the rhythmic quality of the words and adds to the musicality of the phrase.

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The report is made to Orsino. Viola, disguised as Cesario, is delivering a message from Orsino to Olivia, and Olivia's servant replies that Olivia cannot see Orsino as she plans to mourn her brother's death for seven years.

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George Orwell's Animal Farm is an example of a satire. Satire is a literary genre that uses irony, sarcasm, or ridicule to expose and criticize human vices or shortcomings. In Animal Farm, Orwell satirizes the Soviet Union under Stalin's leadership, particularly the abuse of power, corruption, and propaganda used to manipulate and control the population. The novel uses animal characters to represent real historical figures and events, such as Napoleon representing Stalin and the pigs representing the Soviet government. The use of satire in Animal Farm serves to both entertain and educate the reader about the dangers of totalitarianism and the importance of questioning authority.

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A non-verbal story-telling by a character on stage is called mime. Mime is a form of theatrical performance that uses physical gestures, facial expressions, and body movements to communicate a story or an idea without the use of words. In mime, the performer acts out the story using only their body and facial expressions to convey emotions, actions, and plot points. It is often used as a tool for comedy or social commentary, and can be seen as a type of non-verbal communication.

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Speaker A is Duke Orsino. In the play "Twelfth Night" by William Shakespeare, Duke Orsino is a nobleman and the ruler of Illyria. He is in love with Countess Olivia and often speaks to his attendants and musicians about his feelings. In the given extract, he is talking to a young musician, B, about a tune and complimenting him on his musical talent.

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The two speakers are in the Duke's palace. In the play "Twelfth Night" by William Shakespeare, this conversation takes place between Duke Orsino (A) and his new servant Cesario (B) whom he does not realize is actually a young woman named Viola in disguise. The scene takes place in the Duke's palace, where Duke Orsino is trying to woo Olivia, and he is asking Cesario for advice and opinion on love.

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''Pleasure's moth'' is an example of a metaphor. A metaphor is a figure of speech that directly refers to one thing by mentioning another thing for rhetorical effect. In this case, the speaker is comparing pleasure to a moth, which is a direct comparison without using "like" or "as".

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A poem of lamentation on death is an elegy. An elegy is a type of poem that mourns the loss of someone or something. It typically reflects on the nature of mortality, the fleeting nature of life, and the grief of those left behind. Elegies can be written in various forms, but they often have a somber tone and are used as a way to express grief, sadness, and loss.

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In the given lines, "flow" and "show" are examples of rhyme. Rhyme is a literary device where two or more words have similar sounding end syllables, often used in poetry or songs to create a musical and rhythmic effect. In this case, "flow" and "show" have the same vowel and consonant sound at the end, making them rhyme.

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The misuse of words that sound somewhat similar is called a malapropism. It's when a person substitutes a word for another word that sounds similar but has a different meaning, often resulting in a humorous effect. For example, saying "I'd like a glass of water with lemon, please. Hold the salmon" instead of "Hold the ice".

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Twelfth Night is an example of a comedy. It is a play written by William Shakespeare that features a humorous and light-hearted tone. The plot revolves around the mistaken identities and romantic misadventures of the characters. While there are some serious moments, the overall mood of the play is jovial and the resolution is a happy one. Therefore, the play can be categorized as a comedy.

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The main character in a literary work is the protagonist. This is the character around whom the story revolves, and who is typically faced with a conflict or challenge that they must overcome or resolve. The protagonist is usually the character that the reader or audience identifies with and cares about the most, and their actions and decisions often drive the plot forward.

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A suitable title for the passage is "Agony of War". The passage describes the miserable conditions and sufferings of soldiers who are retreating from the French during a harsh winter, while also struggling with hunger, exposure, and disease. The use of phrases like "long column of misery", "weaklings", "sleet", "bitter cold wind", "terror of the French", and "disease" all point to the agony and suffering that the soldiers are experiencing.

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An address to an object or person not present is called an "apostrophe." It is a figure of speech in which the speaker directly addresses someone or something that is not present or cannot respond. This can be a person, a thing, an idea, or an abstract concept. Apostrophe is often used in poetry or literature to add emotional intensity or create a dramatic effect. It is commonly used to express strong feelings of love, anger, or grief towards something that cannot respond.

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A literary work which extols one's virtues and accomplishments is called a eulogy. A eulogy is a speech or piece of writing in which someone praises someone else or something highly, usually at a funeral or memorial service. It can also be used more broadly to refer to any piece of writing or speech that praises someone or something in a similar manner.

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The underlined sentence means that the speaker believes that their own fate is cursed and may bring misfortune to the person they are speaking to, therefore they are politely declining the offer to accompany them to avoid causing harm or trouble. So, the correct option is "ill-luck may affect you".

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The device used in the last sentence is a climax. A climax is a figure of speech in which words, phrases, or clauses are arranged in order of increasing importance, often creating a sense of mounting intensity or excitement. In this passage, the sentence builds up to the final word "disease," which completes the list of factors that contributed to the soldiers' suffering and emphasizes the magnitude of the hardships they endured.

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The expression "poisonous pleasure of wine" is an example of an oxymoron. An oxymoron is a figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms to create a new meaning. In this case, "poisonous" and "pleasure" are two words that have opposite meanings. "Poisonous" suggests something harmful or deadly, while "pleasure" suggests something enjoyable and desirable. By combining these two words, the writer is emphasizing the negative effects of drinking wine, even though it may give temporary pleasure.

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A speech delivered by a character who is alone on the stage is called a "soliloquy". It is a technique used in plays and drama where a character speaks their thoughts aloud, revealing their innermost feelings, emotions, and motivations to the audience. The character is essentially talking to themselves and is not aware that anyone else is listening. Soliloquies are often used to provide the audience with insight into a character's personality and to advance the plot by revealing important information.

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The attitude of the survivors can best be summed up by the word "resignation". The passage describes a group of people who are suffering and struggling to survive in harsh conditions, with little hope for relief or success. They are resigned to their fate and continue to push forward, driven by the fear of their pursuers and the hopelessness of their situation. This attitude is reflected in the language used in the passage, which emphasizes the difficulties and hardships faced by the group.

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"All hands on deck" is an example of a synecdoche, a figure of speech in which a part of something is used to refer to the whole thing or vice versa. In this case, "hands" refers to the entire crew of a ship.

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A character that develops with events and situations in a novel is a "main" character. Main characters are the ones around whom the story revolves and who undergo significant changes or development throughout the story. They are often the protagonists or the antagonists and have a significant impact on the outcome of the story. As the story progresses, their personalities, motivations, and relationships evolve, making them complex and multidimensional. In contrast, minor characters are those who play a small role in the story and are often static in their characterization. Flat characters are those who are one-dimensional and lack depth or complexity. Sound characters are not a recognized category in literary analysis.

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Speaker B is sad. In the given passage, Speaker B uses phrases like "my stars shine darkly over me" and "the malignancy of my fate" to express his unhappy state of mind. He also requests Speaker A to leave him alone so that he can bear his evils alone, which implies that he is in a distressed state.

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A sonnet may be divided into an octave and a "sestet". A sonnet is a type of poem that typically consists of 14 lines. The octave is the first eight lines of the poem and usually presents a problem or a question. The sestet is the remaining six lines of the poem and typically provides a resolution to the problem or question posed in the octave. Therefore, the correct answer to this question is the option "sestet".

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The answer is contrast. The first stanza highlights the contrast between Joy and Pleasure. Joy is described as being born of "parents poor" while Pleasure is associated with the "richer kind." Despite being confined, Joy is able to sing a sweeter song than Pleasure who is free but unable to sing as sweetly. This contrast between the two emotions is emphasized through the use of contrasting imagery and language, with Joy being likened to a butterfly that loves to spread its wings in nature's light, while Pleasure is described as a moth that sleeps by day and dances by false glare at night.

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The poem suggests that "Joy" is natural and satisfying. The first line describes Joy as being born of parents poor, which suggests that it is not dependent on material wealth. The poem goes on to contrast Joy with "Pleasure," which is described as being of a richer kind but not as sweet a singer as Joy. Pleasure is also described as being artificial and transitory, like a moth that sleeps during the day and dances by false glare at night. In contrast, Joy is compared to a butterfly that loves to spread its wings in nature's light, suggesting that it is natural and fulfilling. Therefore, the poem portrays Joy as a deeper and more meaningful emotion that comes from within and is not dependent on external factors such as wealth or material possessions.

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In the poem, "false glare" refers to man-made light. The line "And dances by false glare at night" implies that Pleasure is attracted to and distracted by artificial light, which can be interpreted as the artificial pleasures that wealth can provide. The use of the word "false" also suggests that these pleasures are not genuine or authentic. In contrast, Joy is symbolized by a butterfly that spreads its wings in nature's light, which suggests that it is natural and pure. Therefore, false glare can be seen as a symbol for artificiality, which is in contrast with the natural world.

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Speaker B requests Speaker A to stay behind and not accompany him. Speaker B explains that his own fate is unlucky and it might affect Speaker A if they stay together. Therefore, Speaker B asks for permission to bear his troubles alone.

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The speaker is referring to Olivia.