The following factors affect the solubility of a solid in a given solvent except
Answer Details
The solubility of a solid in a given solvent refers to the maximum amount of the solid that can be dissolved in a specific amount of the solvent at a given temperature and pressure.
The factors that affect the solubility of a solid in a given solvent are the nature of the solute, nature of the solvent, pressure, and temperature.
- Nature of solute: The chemical and physical properties of the solute, such as its molecular size, polarity, and shape, can affect its solubility in a given solvent. For example, a polar solute is more likely to dissolve in a polar solvent, while a nonpolar solute is more likely to dissolve in a nonpolar solvent.
- Nature of solvent: The chemical and physical properties of the solvent, such as its polarity and boiling point, can affect its solubility with a specific solute.
- Pressure: The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure applied to the system. This is known as Henry's Law. However, the solubility of solids in liquids is not significantly affected by pressure changes.
- Temperature: The solubility of most solids in liquids increases as the temperature increases, because higher temperatures increase the kinetic energy of both the solvent molecules and the solute particles. However, for some solutes, such as calcium sulfate, the solubility decreases as the temperature increases.
Therefore, the factor that does not affect the solubility of a solid in a given solvent is pressure, as it only significantly affects the solubility of gases in liquids, not solids in liquids.