JAMB UTME - Government - 2018

Which of the following spearheaded the transformation of the Organization of African Unity into the African Union?

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The transformation of the Organization of African Unity into the African Union was spearheaded by Thabo Mbeki, a South African politician who served as the second President of South Africa from 1999 to 2008. Mbeki played a key role in the formation of the African Union, which was established in 2002 to replace the Organization of African Unity. The African Union aims to promote greater unity and cooperation among African countries and to address the continent's social, economic, and political challenges.

The tenure of the president of the UN Secretary council is__________

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The United Nations Security Council president is elected for one month in which it rotates among its members.

Which of the following is a founding member of OPEC?

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Venezuela is a founding member of OPEC. OPEC (the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) is a group of countries that work together to regulate the supply and price of oil on the global market. It was established in 1960 by five founding members, including Venezuela, along with Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, and Kuwait. The purpose of the organization was to unify and coordinate the petroleum policies of its member countries and ensure the stabilization of oil markets in order to secure an efficient, economic, and regular supply of petroleum to consumers. Over time, OPEC has grown to include several more member countries, but Venezuela remains one of the original and founding members of the organization.

A bye-law is made by

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A bye-law is made by the local government. Bye-laws are a set of rules and regulations that are made to govern a specific area or community, such as a town, city, or village. These rules are created by the local government, which is the body responsible for managing and administering the affairs of the local community. Local government refers to the elected officials and administrative staff who are responsible for making decisions and implementing policies at the local level. This can include city councils, municipal corporations, or other similar bodies. These officials are elected by the people who live in the area they represent, and they are responsible for creating and enforcing the bye-laws that govern the community. So, if you want to know who makes bye-laws, the answer is the local government.

In a democratic government, franchise is given to all_________

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In a democratic government, franchise is given to all adult citizens. This means that if you are a citizen of a country and are above the age of 18 or whatever the legal age for voting in that country is, you have the right to vote in elections and have a say in who represents you in government. Citizenship refers to the legal status of being a member of a particular country, and the term "adult" generally refers to anyone who is 18 years or older. Therefore, it is only fair and just in a democracy that all adult citizens are granted the right to vote and participate in the democratic process. Franchise or the right to vote is an essential part of any democracy, as it allows citizens to choose their leaders, hold them accountable, and have a say in the policies that affect their lives. This is why it is important for all adult citizens to exercise their right to vote and participate in the democratic process.

A state that is ruled by an elected citizen is

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A state that is ruled by an elected citizen is called a republic. In a republic, the citizens have the power to elect their leaders, who are then responsible for governing the country. This is different from a monarchy, where the ruler is usually a hereditary monarch, and an empire, which is typically ruled by an emperor who has seized power through force. In a plutocracy, the country is ruled by wealthy individuals who have acquired significant economic power and influence. This is not the same as a republic, as the citizens do not necessarily have a say in who governs them. Overall, a republic is a form of government that is based on the principle of elected representation, where the people choose their leaders through a democratic process.

The institutions which constitute the main organs of the government of a nation are the ___________

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The institutions which constitute the main organs of the government of a nation are the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. The legislature is responsible for making laws, which are then implemented by the executive branch. The executive branch, which is led by the head of government (e.g. president, prime minister), is responsible for implementing and enforcing laws, as well as managing the day-to-day affairs of the state. The judiciary, which is typically independent of the other branches, interprets the law and ensures that it is applied fairly and consistently. In this way, the three branches of government work together to ensure that the state functions effectively and that the rights and interests of its citizens are protected. While the civil service and the senate may be important institutions in some countries, they are not the main organs of government in a nation, as they do not have the same level of responsibility and authority as the legislature, executive, and judiciary.

A political manifesto is a document which outlines__________

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A political manifesto is a document which outlines a political party's programme, their goals, objectives and plans for the future if they were to be elected into power. It includes their policy positions on various issues such as the economy, education, health care, national security, and social welfare. Essentially, a manifesto is a public statement of a political party's intentions and priorities, and it is used to communicate their ideas and policies to voters before an election. The purpose of a political manifesto is to provide a clear and concise outline of what a political party stands for, and what they plan to achieve if elected, so that voters can make an informed choice at the ballot box.

Unicameral legislatures are popular in

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Unicameral legislatures are most popular in countries that have a unitary system of government. A unitary system is a type of government where power is centralized in a single governing body, with lower levels of government, such as provinces or states, having little autonomy. In this type of system, a unicameral legislature, which means a legislature with only one chamber or house, is often sufficient to represent the entire population and make decisions on their behalf. On the other hand, in a federal system of government, power is divided between a central government and multiple regional or state governments, which means a bicameral (two-chamber) legislature is often used to represent the different levels of government. In a confederal system, power is even more decentralized, with individual states or regions having more autonomy than in a federal system, which means a unicameral legislature may not be able to adequately represent the interests of all the states or regions. Lastly, the use of a unicameral legislature is not related to the rigidity or flexibility of a government system, but rather to the degree of centralization and autonomy of the lower levels of government.

A government controlled by a few people for their own interests is said to be ____________

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The correct answer is "Oligarchy." Oligarchy is a form of government where a small group of people, often wealthy or powerful individuals, have control and power over the entire country or society. These individuals make decisions that benefit themselves, rather than considering the needs and interests of the broader population. In other words, an oligarchy is a government controlled by a few people for their own interests, which may not align with the interests of the rest of the population. The word "oligarchy" comes from the Greek words "oligos," meaning "few," and "arkhein," meaning "to rule."

The development of a classless society is the goal of __________

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The development of a classless society is the goal of Marxism. Marxism is a political and economic theory developed by Karl Marx, which advocates for the creation of a society in which everyone is equal and there are no social classes. According to Marxism, social classes arise from the ownership of the means of production, such as land, factories, and machines. Those who own the means of production, such as the wealthy capitalists, exploit the working class, who do not own the means of production, to generate profit. Marxism seeks to eliminate this exploitation by promoting collective ownership of the means of production, which would lead to the elimination of social classes and a classless society. In a classless society, everyone would have equal access to resources and opportunities, and there would be no exploitation or oppression. Marxism argues that this can only be achieved through a revolution led by the working class, which would overthrow the ruling class and establish a socialist government that would work towards the goal of a classless society.

Power refers to the__________

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Power is the capacity of an individual to influence the conduct (behaviour) of others. The term "authority" is often used for power that is perceived as legitimate by the social structure.

The first Head of Government in Nigeria after independence was__________

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The first Head of Government in Nigeria after independence was Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa. He was a Nigerian statesman who was a key figure in Nigeria's struggle for independence from Britain and was the country's first prime minister after independence was achieved in 1960. Balewa was a charismatic and influential leader who played a key role in shaping the course of Nigeria's early years as an independent nation. He worked to build a strong and united Nigeria, and his leadership helped to lay the foundation for the country's continued growth and development.

Which of the following countries made up the Casablanca Group?

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The Casablanca Group, sometimes known as the 'Casablanca bloc', was a short-lived, informal association of African states with a shared vision of the future of Africa and of Pan-Africanism in the early 1960s. The group was composed of seven states led by radical, left-wing leaders largely from North Africa - Algeria, Egypt, Ghana, Guinea, Libya, Mali, and Morocco.

One feature of the federal system of government is that the centre is____________

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A federal system of government is a system in which the powers of government are constitutionally shared between the central government and regional units in such a way that each level of government is independent and autonomous. In this system, different tiers of government govern the same citizens, but each tier has its own jurisdiction in specific matters of legislation, taxation and administration. Power is divided between the central, larger government, and the local, regional, or state governments beneath it.

Based on its objectives, the Organization of African Unity can primarily be classified as

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The Organization of African Unity (OAU) can primarily be classified as a political organization. Its main objective was to promote cooperation and solidarity among African states, and to promote their collective self-reliance. The OAU sought to achieve these goals by fostering cooperation and coordination among African countries on political, economic, and social issues. In this sense, it played a key role in promoting peace, stability, and development in Africa, and in advancing the cause of African unity and independence. Therefore, it is primarily a political organization, with a focus on the promotion of African unity and cooperation on political and economic issues.

The primary function of the judiciary is to ______

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The primary function of the judiciary is to interpret laws. In other words, it is the role of the judiciary to determine the meaning and understand the intent behind the laws that have been enacted by the legislative branch of government. The judiciary acts as an independent and impartial body that resolves legal disputes and ensures that the laws are applied fairly and consistently. This helps to maintain a stable and just society by providing a fair and impartial system for resolving disputes and interpreting the law.

A society that is politically organized under a government is called

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A society that is politically organized under a government is called a polity. This means that there is a system of rules and regulations that guide the behavior of individuals within the society and that these rules are enforced by a centralized authority, such as a government. The term "polity" can be used to describe any form of political organization, from a small town to a large nation-state. It is important to note that a polity may also be referred to as a sovereign state or a national state, but these terms imply additional characteristics, such as a defined territory and recognition by other states.

Rhodesia was the former name of

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Rhodesia was the former name of Zimbabwe. Rhodesia was a country in southern Africa that was named after Cecil Rhodes, a British businessman, mining magnate, and politician who played a key role in the colonization of the region. The country was known as Southern Rhodesia from 1898 until 1965, when it unilaterally declared independence from Britain, and then simply Rhodesia until 1980, when it officially became the Republic of Zimbabwe. Today, Zimbabwe is a landlocked country in southern Africa that shares borders with South Africa, Botswana, Zambia, and Mozambique. It is known for its rich cultural heritage, stunning landscapes, and diverse wildlife, including elephants, lions, and rhinos.

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The correct answer is Zenith Bank Plc. A public corporation is a government-owned entity that operates as a business or provides a public service. In Nigeria, examples of public corporations include the Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB), the Nigerian Steel Development Authority, and the Nigeria Railway Corporation. However, Zenith Bank Plc is not a public corporation in Nigeria, but a private bank that is owned by shareholders. While it is a highly respected financial institution in Nigeria, it is not owned or controlled by the Nigerian government, and therefore cannot be classified as a public corporation.

In the old Oyo empire, the Ajele

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In the old Oyo empire, the Ajele were responsible for ensuring the good governance of the district and ensuring the safety of the trade routes. They were not responsible for mobilizing the army or being the head of the army. The Ajele were appointed by the Alaafin (the king of the Oyo empire) to serve as his representatives in the provinces. They were responsible for overseeing the administration of the district, including the collection of taxes, settling disputes, and maintaining law and order. They were also responsible for protecting the trade routes within their district, which were crucial for the economic well-being of the empire. The Ajele played an important role in maintaining the stability and prosperity of the Oyo empire.

The goal of the theory of separation of powers is to

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The goal of the theory of separation of powers is to protect individual liberty by dividing the powers of government into three branches - legislative, executive, and judiciary - each with separate and distinct functions. This separation ensures that no one branch has too much power or authority, and that each branch serves as a check and balance on the others. By limiting the power of each branch and preventing any one branch from becoming too powerful, the separation of powers helps to safeguard against tyranny and ensure that the government is accountable to the people it serves.

The fundamental rights of citizens include rights to ___________

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The following are the key rights of Nigerian citizens:
- Right to life
- Right to dignity
- Right to personal liberty
- Right to fair hearing
- Right to privacy
- Right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion
- Right to freedom of expression
- Right to freedom of assembly and association
- Right to freedom of movement
- Right to freedom from discrimination
- Right to own property

One major achievement of the Clifford constitution was _________

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The Clifford Constitution of 1922 disposed the Nigerian Council of Lord Lugard (1914) and set up a new legislative council for the Southern Protectorate. The membership of the Clifford legislative council was 46. Twenty- seven out of the 46 members were officials while 19 were unofficial members. Ten out of the 19 unofficial members were Nigerians and out of the 10 unofficial Nigerians, 4 were elected, 3 from Lagos and 1 from Calabar. The remaining six were appointed by the governor.

Nigeria’s membership of the ECOWAS is informed by her desire to___________

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In pursuing the goal of regional economic cooperation and development, Nigeria helped create ECOWAS, which seeks to harmonise trade and investment practices for its 16 West African member countries and ultimately to achieve a full customs union.

The citizenship of a country could be acquired through_____________

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Citizenship of a country can be acquired through two main ways: birth and naturalization. Birthright citizenship is the most common way of acquiring citizenship, where a person automatically becomes a citizen of a country if they are born within its territorial boundaries or if their parents are citizens of that country. This means that a person can acquire citizenship by simply being born in a particular country or by being born to parents who are citizens of that country. On the other hand, naturalization is the process by which a person who is not a citizen of a country can become one. Naturalization requirements vary by country, but typically involve a period of legal residency, a demonstrated understanding of the country's language, history, and government, and passing a citizenship test. Once these requirements are met, an individual can apply to become a citizen and, if approved, will be granted citizenship. While parliamentary legislation or presidential proclamation can also be used to confer citizenship in certain circumstances, they are not as commonly used as birthright citizenship and naturalization. Registration and arbitration, on the other hand, do not typically confer citizenship on an individual but may be used to resolve disputes related to citizenship.

In 1993, Nigerian troops were on peace-keeping assignment to

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In 1993, Nigerian troops were on a peace-keeping assignment to Liberia and Somalia. Peacekeeping missions are operations undertaken by the United Nations (UN) to maintain peace and security in countries or regions where conflict has occurred. Nigeria, as a member of the UN, contributed its military personnel to support these missions. Liberia was in the midst of a brutal civil war that had started in 1989 and continued until 2003. The Nigerian troops, along with troops from other countries, were deployed to Liberia in 1990 as part of the ECOWAS Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) to help bring peace and stability to the country. The mission continued until 1998. Somalia had also experienced a protracted civil war that started in 1991 and led to widespread violence, famine, and displacement. The UN deployed a peacekeeping mission, UNOSOM II, to Somalia in 1993, and Nigeria contributed troops to this mission as well. Therefore, in 1993, Nigerian troops were on peacekeeping assignments to Liberia and Somalia to help maintain peace and security in these countries.

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A typical form of delegated legislation is a bye-law. Bye-laws are regulations made by local councils, government departments or other bodies that have been given the power to make them by a higher authority, usually an Act of Parliament. These bye-laws set out specific rules and regulations for a particular area or issue, and help to ensure that the policies set out by the higher authority are carried out effectively at a local level. Bye-laws can cover a wide range of topics, from parking regulations to waste management. They are an important tool for ensuring that the law is applied in a way that is appropriate to local circumstances and needs.

The role of an Alkali under the Hausa-Fulani political system is primarily to _____________

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Under the Hausa-Fulani political system, the role of an Alkali is primarily to adjudicate disputes and resolve conflicts based on Islamic laws and customs. Alkalis are traditionally recognized as judges and arbitrators in their communities, and they are responsible for interpreting and applying Islamic law to resolve disputes between individuals, families, and even entire communities. The Alkali's main responsibility is to ensure that justice is served and that conflicts are resolved peacefully, fairly, and in accordance with Islamic principles. They are expected to be knowledgeable in Islamic law, and they are usually selected based on their reputation for wisdom, fairness, and integrity. While Alkalis may have some influence in the making of Islamic laws and the negotiation of treaties, their primary role is to act as judges and arbitrators in the administration of Islamic justice in their communities.

A true democracy in the modern sense exists where the

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A true democracy in the modern sense exists where elected representatives rule. In a democratic system, citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf. These elected officials are responsible for creating and implementing laws and policies that reflect the will of the people. The representatives are accountable to the citizens and can be voted out of office if they fail to perform their duties properly. This system allows for the majority of the people to have a say in the decisions that affect their lives, while also ensuring that the government is run by individuals who have been selected through a fair and transparent process.

The British government revoked the charter of the Royal Niger Company and took over the administration of Nigeria in which year?

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The Royal Niger Company was a mercantile company chartered by the British government in the nineteenth century. The company existed for a comparatively short time (1879–1900) but was instrumental in the formation of Colonial Nigeria, as it enabled the British Empire to establish control over the lower Niger against the German competition led by Bismarck during the 1890s. In 1900, the company-controlled territories became the Southern Nigeria Protectorate, which was in turn united with the Northern Nigeria Protectorate to form the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria in 1914 (which eventually gained independence within the same borders as the Federal Republic of Nigeria in 1960).

Which of the following led to the introduction of indirect rule in Nigeria by the British?

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The manpower and personnel shortages experienced by the British colonial administration in Nigeria led to the introduction of indirect rule. Indirect rule was a system of governance in which local indigenous leaders were appointed as representatives of the colonial power. This was done because the British did not have enough personnel or manpower to directly govern the diverse and vast territory of Nigeria. By using local leaders, the British were able to maintain control over the region with minimal resources. The system of indirect rule remained in place until Nigeria gained independence in 1960.

Citizenship of a state by descent requires that ___________

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Citizenship of a state by descent requires that one's parents or ancestors were citizens of that state. This means that if a person's parent or grandparent was a citizen of the state, then that person may be eligible to apply for citizenship by descent. Simply being born or bred in the state or being domiciled in that state does not automatically confer citizenship by descent. It is the lineage or ancestry that determines one's eligibility for citizenship by descent.

The major difference between a state and a nation is that the latter presupposes a _______

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The major difference between a state and a nation is that the latter presupposes a homogeneous population. A state is an organized political entity with a defined territory, a government, and a population. On the other hand, a nation is a group of people who share common cultural, linguistic, or historical characteristics. A nation may or may not have a defined territory, a government, or a state. The key characteristic that distinguishes a nation from a state is the homogeneity of its population. A nation is typically composed of people who share a common language, history, religion, or cultural heritage. In contrast, a state may have a diverse population with different languages, religions, or cultures. For example, the United States is a state with a diverse population, including people of different races, religions, and ethnic backgrounds. In contrast, Japan is a nation with a relatively homogeneous population that shares a common language, culture, and history. Therefore, the concept of a nation presupposes a homogeneous population, whereas a state may or may not have a homogeneous population.

An Agency of the United Nations which specializes in the welfare of children is the _______

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The United Nations agency which specializes in the welfare of children is UNICEF. UNICEF stands for the United Nations Children's Fund and it is a specialized agency of the United Nations that was created in 1946 to provide humanitarian aid and assistance to children around the world. UNICEF works to protect children's rights, provide healthcare and nutrition, ensure access to education, and protect children from violence, exploitation, and abuse. UNICEF operates in over 190 countries and territories, working with governments, civil society organizations, and other partners to promote the well-being of children and families. Its work is based on the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, which outlines the basic rights of children, including the right to life, education, and protection from harm.

Bicameral legislatures are popular in____________

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Bicameral legislatures are most commonly found in countries with a federal system of government. In a federal system, power is divided between a central government and regional governments, such as states or provinces. The two chambers of a bicameral legislature often have different functions and may represent different constituencies. For example, in the United States, the Senate represents the interests of the states, while the House of Representatives represents the interests of the people. This allows for a balance of power and helps to ensure that different perspectives are taken into account when making laws. Bicameral legislatures can also be found in some unitary systems, where power is concentrated in a central government but regional governments still have some authority. However, this is less common than in federal systems. Bicameral legislatures are not typically found in confederal systems, where power is held primarily by regional governments. Finally, whether a system is rigid or flexible is not directly related to the presence of a bicameral legislature. A rigid system generally refers to a constitution that is difficult to change, while a flexible system allows for easier changes to the constitution.

Pressure groups are formed mainly to__________

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Pressure groups are formed mainly to satisfy the needs and interests of their members. These groups are organizations that aim to influence policy and decision-making by exerting pressure on government officials and other key decision-makers. They do this by organizing members and supporters to advocate for their shared interests and goals. Pressure groups can represent a wide range of interests, including business, labor, environmentalism, civil rights, and many others. These groups may seek to achieve their goals through various methods, such as lobbying, public demonstrations, media campaigns, and other forms of advocacy. By bringing together individuals who share common concerns and objectives, pressure groups can amplify their members' voices and provide a platform for collective action. In this way, pressure groups can be an effective means of advancing the interests of specific groups and shaping public policy to better serve those interests.

In the Oyo empire, the Alaafin was

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The Alaafin was a constitutional monarch because his powers were constantly checked by the Oyomesi.

A system of government in which the central government is supreme over other levels is

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The system of government in which the central government is supreme and has the most power over other levels is called a unitary system. In this type of system, the central government makes all the important decisions, and the lower levels of government, such as regional or local governments, have limited power and authority. In a unitary system, the central government can create or abolish regional or local governments, change their powers and responsibilities, and override their decisions if it sees fit. Examples of countries with a unitary system of government include France, China, and the United Kingdom.

Political socialization is associated with

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Political socialization is a lifelong process by which people form their ideas about politics and acquire political values. The family, educational system, peer groups, and the mass media all play a role.