JAMB UTME - Computer Studies - 2023

Which of the following controls the way in which the computer system functions and provides a means by which users can interact with the computer.

Answer Details

The correct answer is the operating system.
The operating system is like the boss of the computer. It controls the way the computer system functions and provides a means for users to interact with the computer.
It is responsible for managing all the software and hardware resources of the computer, such as the CPU (Central Processing Unit), memory, and input/output devices.
The operating system also allows users to run different programs and applications on the computer. It provides a user-friendly interface, like a graphical user interface (GUI) or a command-line interface, to interact with the computer easily.
Furthermore, it handles tasks like file management, security, and ensuring different programs run smoothly without interfering with each other.
In simple terms, the operating system is the backbone of the computer, keeping everything organized and running smoothly so that users can effectively use and navigate their computer.

what is the first computing machine invented ?

Answer Details

The abacus is considered to be the first computing machine invented. It is an ancient device that was used for making calculations in early civilizations. The abacus consists of a series of rods or wires, each containing a set of beads that can be moved back and forth.
To use the abacus, numbers are represented by positioning the beads in a certain way. By moving the beads on the rods, different mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division could be performed. The abacus provided a simple and visual way to perform calculations without the need for written numbers or complex algorithms.
The abacus was widely used across different cultures and played a significant role in various aspects of life such as trade, accounting, and astronomy. Its simplicity and effectiveness made it a powerful tool for solving mathematical problems.
Although the abacus may seem primitive compared to modern computers, it was the foundation for more complex computing machines that were developed later. It laid the groundwork for the development of mechanical calculators, such as the Pascal calculator and slide rule, which were advancements in computing technology. The abacus is an important part of the history of computing and represents the initial steps towards the creation of more sophisticated machines we have today.

In computer architecture, the type of bus that connects the major components of a computer system is

Answer Details

The type of bus that connects the major components of a computer system is called the system bus.
The system bus is like the central highway that allows communication between the important parts of a computer, such as the CPU (Central Processing Unit), memory, and input/output devices. It is responsible for transmitting addresses which specify the location of data in memory, data itself that needs to be transferred between components, and control signals that manage the flow of information.
Think of the system bus as a pathway for information to travel back and forth between the CPU, memory, and other peripherals. It ensures that the different parts of the computer can work together effectively by providing a common method of communication.
So, in summary, the system bus connects the major components of a computer system and allows them to exchange addresses, data, and control signals. It plays a vital role in the overall functioning of a computer by enabling the efficient transfer of information.

A set of moral principles that regulate the use of computers is called

Answer Details

The correct answer is computer ethics.

Computer ethics refers to a set of moral principles or guidelines that regulate the use of computers. These principles help individuals and organizations make responsible decisions when it comes to using technology. Computer ethics guide us in determining what is right and wrong in the context of computer use, and they promote moral behavior and professionalism in the digital world.

Computer ethics cover a wide range of topics, including privacy, intellectual property, software piracy, hacking, and the ethical use of technology in areas such as medicine and artificial intelligence. They address questions like "Is it ethical to share someone else's personal information online?" or "Should we develop autonomous weapons?"

In summary, computer ethics provide a framework for making ethical decisions and behaving responsibly in the realm of computers and technology, ensuring that our actions do not harm others and respect their rights.

The default file extension for PowerPoint version 2007 and newer is ?

Answer Details

The default file extension for PowerPoint version 2007 and newer is .pptx.
PowerPoint is a popular software program used for creating and presenting slideshows. When you save your presentation in PowerPoint 2007 or a newer version, it automatically saves it with the extension .pptx.
The file extension .pptx stands for PowerPoint XML, which represents the XML-based file format used by Microsoft PowerPoint. XML, or Extensible Markup Language, is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable.
The .pptx file format introduced in PowerPoint 2007 offers various advantages over the previous .ppt format used in earlier versions. It allows for more efficient and compact storage of slide data, improved compatibility with other software, and support for advanced features and functionalities in PowerPoint.
By default, PowerPoint 2007 and newer versions save presentations as .pptx to ensure compatibility with the latest features and enhancements. However, it is important to note that PowerPoint also provides options to save presentations in other formats like .ppt, .pps, and .ppxt, which may be useful in specific scenarios or for compatibility with older versions of PowerPoint or other software applications.
In summary, the default file extension for PowerPoint version 2007 and newer is .pptx. This file format is based on XML and offers advantages in terms of efficiency, compatibility, and support for advanced features.

Computers that are small and low cost are referred to as ?

Answer Details

Computers that are small and low cost are referred to as **micro computers**. Micro computers are designed to be compact and affordable, making them suitable for personal use and small-scale applications. **Micro computers** are smaller in size compared to traditional computers and are often called **microcomputers**, **mini PCs**, or **mini computers**. They are commonly used for tasks such as word processing, web browsing, and basic computing needs. Micro computers are typically lightweight and portable, making them convenient for travel or on-the-go use. They are also cheaper compared to larger computers, making them more accessible to a wider range of users. These computers usually come with basic hardware specifications, including a compact motherboard, a low-power processor, limited storage capacity, and integrated input/output devices like a keyboard, touchpad, or touchscreen display. Micro computers can come in different forms, such as small desktop computers, mini laptops, mini PCs, and even **tablet computers**, which are handheld devices with a touchscreen interface. These devices are designed to be compact and energy-efficient, making them ideal for personal use, education, and small businesses. In summary, **micro computers** are small and low-cost devices that offer basic computing capabilities. They are portable, affordable, and suitable for everyday tasks, making them a popular choice for personal and small-scale use.

What is the difference between an assembler and a compiler ?

Answer Details

An assembler and a compiler are two different types of software tools used in computer programming.
An assembler is a program that converts assembly level language code into machine language code. Assembly language is a low-level programming language that uses mnemonics to represent the instructions and registers of a computer's architecture. So, an assembler takes the instructions written in assembly language and translates them into the binary code that a computer can understand and execute.
On the other hand, a compiler is a program that converts high-level programming language code into machine language code. High-level programming languages, like C, Python, or Java, are designed to be more human-readable and easier to write and understand compared to assembly language. However, computers cannot directly understand high-level programming languages, so a compiler translates the high-level code into the specific machine language instructions that the computer can execute.
In simple terms, an assembler converts assembly level language into machine language, and a compiler converts high-level programming language into machine language. Therefore, the correct answer is: An assembler converts assembly level language code into machine language code, while a compiler converts high-level programming language code into machine language code.

The connection between two or more computers to share resources or allow electronic communication is called ?

Answer Details

The correct answer is Network.
A network is a connection between two or more computers that allows them to share resources and communicate electronically. It's like a virtual highway that enables computers to send and receive information to and from each other.
Imagine you have a group of friends who want to share their toys. Instead of each person having their own toys, they decide to share and play together. They form a network, where they can exchange toys and communicate with one another.
Similarly, in the world of computers, a network allows computers to connect and share resources such as files, printers, and internet access. It enables us to send emails, browse the internet, and even play online games with others.
Networks can be wired or wireless. Wired networks use physical cables to connect computers, like an electric wire connecting different devices. On the other hand, wireless networks use signals, like Wi-Fi, to transmit information without the need for physical cables.
In summary, a network is the connection between computers that allows them to share resources and communicate electronically. It's like a virtual highway that enables computers to exchange information and work together.

The term used to describe when new information replaces old information or data is

Answer Details

The term used to describe when new information replaces old information or data is overwrite.
When we talk about overwriting, it means that we are replacing or writing new data on top of existing data. Imagine you have a piece of paper with some writing on it. Now, if you write something else on top of that existing writing, you are overwriting it.
Similarly, in the context of information or data stored in a computer or any other storage device, when new information is written over the old information, it is called overwriting. This can happen when you save a file with new data, and it replaces the old data that was there before.
It's important to note that when data is overwritten, the old information is completely replaced and cannot be recovered unless a backup copy was made. So, if you accidentally overwrite a file that you needed, it may be permanently lost.
To summarize, overwriting is the term used to describe the process of replacing old information or data with new information.

A set of programs that direct computers to perform specific information processing activities for end users is

Answer Details

The correct answer is Application software.
Application software refers to a set of programs that are designed to perform specific information processing activities for end users. These programs are what we interact with on a daily basis, such as word processors, web browsers, and photo editing software. They are created to serve different purposes and cater to various needs and tasks of individuals or organizations.
Unlike system software or an operating system, which manage and control the overall functioning of a computer, application software is focused on specific tasks and targets the end users directly. It enables users to perform functions like creating documents, browsing the internet, playing games, editing videos, and much more.
In simpler terms, application software can be thought of as the tools that we use on our computers and devices to accomplish different tasks. It provides us with the ability to perform specific activities based on our needs and interests, making our interaction with computers more productive and enjoyable.
Hence, application software plays a crucial role in directing computers to carry out specific information processing activities for end users.

Which of these application packages can be used to create a spreadsheet ?

Answer Details

The application package that can be used to create a spreadsheet is Microsoft Excel.
Microsoft Excel is specifically designed to create, organize, and analyze data in the form of a spreadsheet. It provides a grid-like interface that allows users to input data into cells, perform calculations, create formulas, and generate charts and graphs.
Excel is widely used in various industries and professions such as finance, accounting, data analysis, and project management, as it offers powerful features and functionalities to manipulate and visualize data efficiently.
By using Excel, users can easily organize their data in rows and columns, perform mathematical operations on the data, and apply formatting and styling to enhance the readability of the spreadsheet. Additionally, Excel allows users to create formulas to automate calculations, apply functions to analyze and manipulate data, and create charts and graphs to present data in a visually appealing way.
In conclusion, Microsoft Excel is the application package that is specifically designed for creating spreadsheets, making it an essential tool for managing and analyzing data efficiently.

Which of the following is an example of graphics software ?

Answer Details

Adobe Illustrator is an example of graphics software. This software is specifically designed for creating and editing vector graphics. Unlike other software that focuses on working with images made up of pixels, Adobe Illustrator allows users to create and manipulate illustrations using mathematical equations to define shapes and lines. This results in graphics that can be scaled to any size without losing any quality.
With Adobe Illustrator, users can draw, paint, and create complex shapes using a variety of tools and features. It provides a wide range of tools, including Pen Tool, Shape Builder Tool, and Live Paint Bucket, that allow users to create and edit paths, shapes, and colors.
This software also offers advanced features like the ability to create gradients, apply special effects, and work with layers to organize and manage different elements of a graphic. Users can also import and export files in various formats, making it compatible with other design software and allowing for seamless collaboration with others.
Adobe Illustrator is widely used by artists, designers, and illustrators in various industries such as advertising, publishing, and web design. It provides a powerful and versatile platform for creating stunning visual content, from logos and icons to illustrations and infographics. The software's intuitive interface and extensive range of tools make it accessible to both beginners and professionals in the field of graphic design.

What protocol is used between Email servers?

Answer Details

The protocol that is used between Email servers is SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol). This protocol is specifically designed to send and receive email messages over the internet.
SMTP enables the communication between the email client and the mail server, as well as between the mail servers themselves. When you want to send an email, your email client uses SMTP to communicate with your email server and submits the email message for delivery.
SMTP works in a simple, yet effective way. When you hit the "Send" button on your email client, it initiates a connection to your email server using TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). The email client then sends the email message along with the recipient's email address to the server.
The server receiving the email checks the recipient's domain name (the part after the @ symbol) to determine the appropriate destination server. It then connects to the destination server using SMTP and sends the email message to that server.
Once the destination server receives the email, it stores it in the recipient's mailbox until it is retrieved by the recipient's email client. This retrieval is typically done using other protocols such as POP (Post Office Protocol) or IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol).
In summary, SMTP is the protocol responsible for the transmission of email messages between different mail servers. It ensures that the emails are delivered to the correct destination server, allowing for efficient communication across the internet.

The only possible number base for 235x ${}_{�}$ among the following is ?

Answer Details

A number cannot contain digits that are greater than its base.
therefore 235 can possible be in base 6.

Which of the following does not replicate itself in an infected computer?

Answer Details

A Trojan horse does not replicate itself in an infected computer.

Spyware, worm, and virus are all types of malicious software that have the ability to replicate or self-replicate:

• Spyware is designed to secretly gather information about a person or organization without their knowledge. It typically does not replicate itself, but rather focuses on monitoring activities and transmitting the collected data back to its creator.
• Worms are self-replicating programs that spread across networks and systems by exploiting vulnerabilities. They do not require user interaction to propagate and can replicate themselves to infect multiple systems.
• Viruses are also self-replicating programs that attach themselves to other files or software on a computer. They infect files or programs and can spread to other computers when those files are shared or transferred.

On the other hand, a Trojan horse appears to be harmless or legitimate software but contains malicious code or functions. Unlike worms and viruses, Trojan horses do not have the ability to replicate themselves. They rely on users being tricked into running or opening them. Once executed, Trojan horses can perform various malicious actions such as stealing data, deleting files, or giving unauthorized access to a computer.

In summary, while spyware, worms, and viruses can all replicate themselves, a Trojan horse does not have this capability.

The first step in a CPU instruction cycle is

Answer Details

The first step in a CPU instruction cycle is Fetch.
During the Fetch step, the CPU retrieves the next instruction from the memory. This instruction is stored in the instruction register (IR) so that it can be processed further.
The Fetch step involves the following sub-steps: 1. The Program Counter (PC) keeps track of the memory address of the next instruction to be fetched. Initially, it points to the starting memory address where the program begins. 2. The PC value is transferred to the memory address register (MAR), which holds the memory address we want to access. 3. The control unit sends a request to the memory unit to access the memory location specified by the MAR. 4. The memory unit retrieves the instruction from the specified memory address and sends it back to the CPU. This instruction is stored in the Memory Data Register (MDR). 5. The content of the MDR is then transferred to the Instruction Register (IR), where it is held until further processing.
In simple terms, the Fetch step is like going to the supermarket and getting the shopping list (instruction) of what items you need to purchase. The CPU fetches the next instruction from the memory so that it knows what operation it needs to perform next.

What is the difference between internal and external modem

Answer Details

Internal modems are commonly found as expansion cards that are installed inside a computer. They usually connect to the motherboard using a PCI or ISA slot. These modems are not visible externally and are integrated into the computer's hardware.
External modems, on the other hand, are separate devices that are connected to the computer externally. These modems are typically plugged into a serial port on the computer or connect using a USB port. They are not installed inside the computer's casing like internal modems.
In summary, the main difference between internal and external modems lies in their physical connection to the computer. Internal modems are expansion cards installed inside the computer, while external modems are separate devices that connect to the computer externally.

The process of finding and correcting errors in the program code is called ?

Answer Details

The correct answer is Debugging.
Debugging is the process of finding and correcting errors, or bugs, in the program code. When a program is written, it may contain mistakes or logical errors that prevent it from running correctly. Debugging is the method used to identify and fix these issues.
During the debugging process, programmers use various techniques and tools to locate the source of the error. This may involve examining the code line by line, setting breakpoints, or using debugging software. Once the error is identified, the programmer can then make the necessary changes to the code to correct the mistake.
Debugging is an essential part of the software development process as it ensures that the program runs smoothly and produces the desired results. Without debugging, it would be challenging to identify and fix problems in the code, resulting in a faulty program.
In summary, debugging is the process of finding and correcting errors in the program code, allowing the program to function correctly.

___ is the type of computer that is designed to operate on two states, 0 and 1.

Answer Details

A digital computer is the type of computer that is designed to operate on two states, 0 and 1. These states are known as binary digits or bits. The computer uses these bits to represent and process information.
In a digital computer, information is stored and manipulated using binary digits. Each bit can represent either a 0 or a 1. By combining these bits, the computer can represent and process complex information.
Digital computers work by using electronic circuits that can switch between the two states, 0 and 1. These circuits are composed of transistors, which act as switches that control the flow of electricity.
When the transistor is on, it represents a 1, and when it is off, it represents a 0. By arranging these transistors in various configurations, digital computers can perform calculations, store data, and execute instructions.
The advantage of using a digital computer is that it can perform calculations and process data with great accuracy and reliability. By representing information in binary form, digital computers can easily process and manipulate large amounts of data quickly and efficiently.
In summary, a digital computer is a type of computer that operates on the binary system, using two states, 0 and 1, to represent and process information. It is designed to perform calculations and handle complex tasks by manipulating these binary digits using electronic circuits and transistors.

At what stage in system development life cycle are all data documented in the form of detailed data flow diagrams(DFDs)

Answer Details

All data is documented in the form of detailed data flow diagrams (DFDs) during the System Analysis stage in the System Development Life Cycle.
During the System Analysis stage, the focus is on understanding the current system, identifying its strengths and weaknesses, and gathering requirements for the new system. This is done through various techniques such as interviews, observations, and analyzing documents.
One of the important tasks in this stage is data modeling, which involves identifying the various data inputs, outputs, processes, and storage within the system. Data flow diagrams (DFDs) are commonly used for visualizing and documenting the flow of data between these components.
DFDs provide a clear and graphical representation of how data moves within the system, showing the processes that transform the data, the data stores that hold the data, and the data flows that connect these elements. They help in understanding the overall data flow within the system and in identifying potential issues or bottlenecks.
By creating detailed DFDs, all the data and their associated flows are documented explicitly, ensuring that no important data flows are overlooked during the system development process. This documentation becomes a valuable reference for system designers, developers, and stakeholders throughout the project.
To summarize, during the System Analysis stage of the System Development Life Cycle, detailed data flow diagrams (DFDs) are created to document and visualize the flow of data within the system. These DFDs provide a clear representation of the data inputs, outputs, processes, and storage and become an essential reference for the development team.

The Output will be a HIGH for any case when one or more inputs are one for a(an)

Answer Details

The output of an OR gate will be HIGH when one or more inputs are one. This means that if at least one of the inputs to the OR gate is set to one, the output of the gate will also be one. To understand why this is the case, let's take a look at the behavior of an OR gate. An OR gate takes two or more inputs and produces an output based on the logical OR operation. The logical OR operation is a binary operation that returns true (or HIGH) if at least one of its operands is true (or HIGH). In an OR gate, if any of the inputs is set to one, it will cause the output of the gate to be one. This is because the logical OR operation returns true (or HIGH) when at least one of its operands is true (or HIGH). It does not matter whether the other inputs are set to zero or one. As long as there is at least one input that is set to one, the output of the OR gate will be one. On the other hand, if all the inputs to the OR gate are set to zero, the output of the gate will be zero. This is because the logical OR operation returns false (or LOW) only when all its operands are false (or LOW). So, in summary, the output of an OR gate will be HIGH when one or more inputs are set to one. It does not matter whether the other inputs are set to zero or one. As long as there is at least one input that is set to one, the output of the OR gate will be one.

Which of the following is NOT a high-level programming language?

Answer Details

Assembly language is NOT a high-level programming language. Assembly language is a low-level programming language that provides a direct representation of the computer's hardware architecture. It is a symbolic representation of machine language instructions, which are specific to a particular computer architecture. Assembly language is typically used by programmers who need to have fine control over the hardware, such as device driver developers or firmware programmers.
In contrast, high-level programming languages like C++, Python, and Java are designed to be easier for humans to read, write, and understand. These languages provide more abstracted and portable ways of writing programs, allowing developers to focus on the logic and functionality of their code rather than the details of the underlying hardware.
High-level programming languages use English-like keywords and syntax to make programming more accessible and intuitive. They provide built-in libraries and functions that simplify common tasks, and they support features like objects and classes for organizing code in a structured manner.
In summary, while Assembly language is a low-level programming language that directly interacts with the computer's hardware, C++, Python, and Java are high-level programming languages designed for ease of use and abstraction from the underlying hardware.

Which of the following monitors has only two colours

Answer Details

A monitor that has only two colors is called a monochrome monitor. This type of monitor is capable of displaying only two colors - typically black and white.
Monochrome monitors were commonly used in the early days of computing, when color displays were not widely available or affordable. These monitors were simpler in design and used only one color for displaying images and text.
The advantage of a monochrome monitor is its simplicity and cost-effectiveness. It requires less processing power and memory to display images and text in just two colors. This made it suitable for many applications where color was not a crucial requirement, such as word processing, programming, and data entry.
However, the limitation of a monochrome monitor is the lack of color representation. It cannot display images or graphics with the same level of detail and realism as color monitors. As technology advanced, color monitors with higher resolutions and better color accuracy became more popular and affordable.
In summary, a monochrome monitor is a type of monitor that can only display two colors - typically black and white. It was commonly used in the early days of computing for applications that did not require color representation.

What is the shortcut for creating a new document ?

Answer Details

The shortcut for creating a new document is Ctrl + N.
To explain it simply, when you press the Ctrl key and at the same time press the N key on your keyboard, you will trigger a command that tells the program you are using to create a new document.
This shortcut is commonly used across many different programs and applications, such as word processors, text editors, and graphic design software. It is a quick and convenient way to start a new project or file without needing to manually navigate through menus or use your mouse. It saves time and helps streamline your workflow.

EDVAC was produced using which of these concepts ?

Answer Details

The EDVAC was produced using the concept of stored program. The stored program concept is a fundamental idea in computer architecture where both the program instructions and the data to be processed are stored in the same memory. This means that the computer can retrieve instructions from memory, process them, and then store the results back into memory.
In the context of the EDVAC, this concept allowed for significant flexibility and advancement in computing. Before the advent of the stored program concept, computers were designed to perform specific tasks and their programs were hardwired into the machine. Any changes or modifications to the program required physically rewiring the circuits.
However, with the introduction of the stored program concept, the EDVAC and subsequent computers became programmable machines. The instructions and data required by a program could be stored in memory, making it easier to modify, update, and reuse programs without rewiring the computer hardware.
This concept revolutionized computing by allowing for the development of more advanced and versatile computers. The EDVAC, utilizing the stored program concept, became a pivotal milestone in the history of computing and laid the foundation for the modern computers we use today.

Which of the following components of the computer is referred to as the administrative section ?

Answer Details

The component of the computer that is referred to as the administrative section is the CPU, which stands for Central Processing Unit.
The CPU is like the brain of the computer. It is responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations. It controls the overall operation of the computer system.
The CPU consists of two main parts: the control unit and the arithmetic/logic unit (ALU). The control unit manages and coordinates the activities of the computer's hardware components, while the ALU performs mathematical calculations and logical operations.
The CPU acts as the administrator of the computer, making decisions and directing the flow of data and instructions between other hardware components such as the input unit, output unit, and memory unit.
Input unit: This component of the computer is responsible for receiving data or instructions from the outside and sending it to the CPU for further processing. It includes devices like keyboards, mice, scanners, and microphones.
Output unit: This component of the computer is responsible for presenting processed data or information to the user. It includes devices like monitors, printers, speakers, and projectors.
Memory unit: This component of the computer is responsible for storing data and instructions that the CPU needs to access quickly. It includes both primary memory (RAM) and secondary memory (hard drives or solid-state drives).
In summary, the CPU is the component of the computer that functions as the administrative section. It controls the overall operation of the computer system and acts as the brain, making decisions and coordinating the activities of other hardware components like the input unit, output unit, and memory unit.

Which of the following is a valid variable name in Python?

Answer Details

Out of the given options, my_variable is the only valid variable name in Python.
A variable is a name assigned to a value or data in programming. In Python, we have certain rules for naming variables.
Rule 1: Variable names must start with a letter (a-z, A-Z) or an underscore (_).
Rule 2: After the first character, variable names can consist of letters, numbers (0-9), or underscores (_). Symbols, such as $ or -, are not allowed in variable names.
Rule 3: Variable names are case-sensitive, so "my_variable" and "My_variable" would be considered as different variables.
Following these rules, we find that the valid variable name is my_variable. It starts with a letter, followed by letters and underscores.
The other options, my_variable$, my-variable, and 1my_variable, do not follow the rules mentioned above. They either include symbols ($) or hyphens (-) in the name, or start with a number (1), which is not allowed. Therefore, they are not valid variable names in Python.

The two types of operating system are

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The two types of operating systems are command line and graphical user interface.
A command-line interface (CLI) is a text-based interface where the user interacts with the computer by typing commands. The user enters specific commands and the computer responds accordingly. This type of interface is typically used by more advanced users or those who prefer a more hands-on approach. It allows for precise control over the system but requires knowledge of specific commands and syntax.
A graphical user interface (GUI) is a visual interface where the user interacts with the computer using icons, menus, and windows. It provides a more user-friendly and intuitive way of interacting with the computer. Instead of typing commands, users can simply click on icons or buttons to perform tasks. GUIs are widely used in modern operating systems and are often preferred by beginners or those who prefer a more visually appealing and user-friendly experience.
Overall, the key difference between command line and graphical user interface lies in the way users interact with the operating system. The command line requires typing commands, while the GUI provides a visual interface with icons and menus for interaction.

Answer Details

Out of the given options, Linux is not an application software.

Application software refers to programs or software that are designed to perform specific tasks or applications for users. They are user-oriented and provide functionalities to satisfy user needs.

MS Word and Corel Draw are both examples of application software. MS Word is a word processing software used for creating, editing, and formatting documents, while Corel Draw is a graphic design software used for creating illustrations, layouts, and vector graphics.

On the other hand, Linux is not an application software but an operating system. Linux is an open-source operating system that provides the foundation and framework for running various software applications. It manages the computer's hardware, runs system processes, and provides a platform for other software to run on.

So, to summarize, Linux is not an application software but an operating system, while MS Word and Corel Draw are examples of application software that perform specific tasks for users.

A computer code that spreads without the user interaction and can cause network performance problem is

Answer Details

A computer code that spreads without the user interaction and can cause network performance problem is a computer worm.
To understand this, let's think of a worm as a digital parasite. Similar to how a real-life worm can multiply quickly and spread in various directions, a computer worm can replicate itself and spread across computer networks without needing any action from the user.
Unlike viruses, which require a host file to attach themselves to and typically need user interaction to spread, worms can independently find vulnerabilities in computer systems and exploit them. This means that a worm can easily make copies of itself and infect multiple computers within a network without the user even knowing.
The ability of worms to rapidly spread can cause significant network performance problems. Imagine if a single worm infects one computer, then spreads to another, which spreads to two more, and so on. This exponential growth in infections can overload network resources, leading to sluggish internet speeds, system crashes, and even network failures.
Therefore, it is important to have strong security measures in place, such as firewalls and antivirus software, to protect against and prevent the spread of computer worms. Regularly updating software and operating systems can also help patch vulnerabilities that worms may exploit.
In conclusion, a computer worm is a type of malicious code that spreads autonomously across computer networks, causing network performance problems by rapidly infecting multiple computers.

The first stage of data processing activities is ?

Answer Details

The first stage of data processing activities is Collection.
In this stage, data is gathered or collected from various sources. This can include surveys, forms, sensors, databases, and more. The goal is to gather all the necessary data that is required for analysis and processing.
During the collection stage, it is important to ensure that the data is accurate, complete, and reliable. This includes checking for any errors or inconsistencies in the data and verifying its authenticity.
Once the data is collected, it is then ready to be processed and analyzed. This involves performing various operations such as manipulation, conversion, and sorting on the data to extract meaningful insights and information.
Overall, the collection stage is critical in the data processing process as it lays the foundation for the subsequent stages. It ensures that the data is available and ready for further processing and analysis.

When records are given a new value, it is called

Answer Details

When records are given a new value, it is called updation.
Updation refers to the process of changing the value of an existing record in a database or data structure. It involves replacing the current value with a new value.
Let's say we have a database table that stores information about students, including their names, ages, and grades. If we want to update the grade of a specific student, we would search for that student in the database and modify the grade field with a new value. This is known as updation.
Updation is an essential operation in data management as it allows us to keep the information in our records up to date. It ensures that the data accurately reflects the current state of the subject being represented.
In summary, updation is the process of changing the value of an existing record to a new value in a database or data structure.

Which of the following is the standard keyboard layout ?

Answer Details

The standard keyboard layout is called QWERTY. It is the most commonly used keyboard layout in many English-speaking countries.
The name "QWERTY" comes from the first six letters in the top row of the keyboard. This layout was designed more than a century ago for typewriters and was carried over to computer keyboards. It was created to prevent mechanical jams on typewriters by placing commonly used letters further apart from each other.
The QWERTY layout is characterized by the arrangement of letters, numbers, symbols, and function keys on the keyboard. The letters are organized in a specific order, with the most frequently used characters placed in easily accessible positions. The layout also includes a number pad on the right side and function keys at the top.
While some alternative keyboard layouts, such as Dvorak and AZERTY, have been developed to potentially improve typing speed and efficiency, QWERTY remains the standard and is widely accepted and recognized. It has become ingrained in our typing habits and is supported by operating systems and software applications.
Overall, the QWERTY keyboard layout is the most widely used and recognized standard layout that allows for efficient and accurate typing for the majority of English-speaking users.

One of the following is not a good way to prevent virus.

Answer Details

Carelessly exposing your vital and personal information is not a good way to prevent viruses.
Exposing your vital and personal information without caution makes it easier for hackers and malicious software to gain access to your sensitive data. This can lead to various cyber threats, including viruses, malware, and identity theft. It is crucial to protect your information by practicing safe browsing habits, being cautious about sharing personal details online, and avoiding suspicious websites or links.
However, encryption, the use of a firewall, and antivirus software are effective ways to prevent viruses:
- Encryption involves converting your data into a coded form that can only be accessed with a decryption key. It ensures that even if someone gains unauthorized access to your data, they won't be able to understand or use it. Encryption is commonly used for secure communication and storage of sensitive information. It adds an extra layer of protection and makes it difficult for viruses or unauthorized users to exploit your data.
- A firewall acts as a protective barrier between your computer network and the outside world, monitoring incoming and outgoing traffic. It helps block suspicious or potentially harmful connections, preventing viruses and other malicious software from entering your system. A firewall can be physical hardware or software-based, often included in modern routers and operating systems.
- Antivirus software is designed to detect, prevent, and remove malicious software, including viruses. It scans files and programs for known patterns or behaviors associated with malware, blocking or quarantining infected items to protect your computer. Antivirus software should be regularly updated to stay up to date with the latest threats and provide maximum protection. It is an essential tool in safeguarding your computer and data against viruses.
In summary, while carelessly exposing your vital and personal information puts you at risk, encryption, the use of a firewall, and antivirus software are effective measures to prevent viruses and maintain a secure computing environment.

In BASIC, REM shows a statement to be

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In BASIC, the REM statement is used to create comments. Comments are lines in the program that are not meant to be executed or affect the output. They are used to provide explanations, notes, or reminders to the programmer who is reading the code.
When the interpreter or compiler encounters the REM statement, it simply ignores it and moves on to the next line of code. It is like a reminder or a message to yourself or other programmers working on the code, but it does not have any effect on the program execution or output.
For example, if we have the following code in BASIC:
10 PRINT "Hello, world!" ' This line prints "Hello, world!" 20 REM This is a comment ' This line is a comment and is ignored
In this code, "Hello, world!" will be printed on the screen because it is an executable statement. However, the line with the REM statement will be ignored because it is a comment. It serves as a note to explain the purpose of the code or provide additional information for the programmer.
So, in BASIC, the REM statement is used to indicate a comment and does not have any impact on the program execution or output.

Answer Details

The first computer made available for commercial use was the UNIVAC. UNIVAC stands for Universal Automatic Computer and it was developed by the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation in the 1950s.
UNIVAC was the first computer to be designed for both scientific and business purposes. It was used primarily by government agencies and large corporations for tasks such as data analysis, calculations, and simulations. The computer was known for its speed and versatility, and it played a significant role in advancing computer technology.
EDSAC, Mark-1, and ENIAC were also important computers in the early days of computing, but they were not specifically designed for commercial use like UNIVAC. EDSAC, which stands for Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator, was the first practical stored-program computer. Mark-1, also known as the Harvard Mark I, was one of the earliest electromechanical computers. ENIAC, or Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, was the first general-purpose electronic computer.
In conclusion, while all of these computers made significant contributions to the history of computing, the first computer made available for commercial use was the UNIVAC.

What category of application package does microsoft excel belong to ?

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Microsoft Excel belongs to the category of spreadsheet packages. A spreadsheet package is a software program that allows users to create and manipulate spreadsheets.
Spreadsheets are electronic documents organized in a grid-like structure. Each cell in the grid can contain text, numbers, or formulas that perform calculations.
Microsoft Excel enables users to perform various tasks such as entering and organizing data, performing calculations, creating charts and graphs, analyzing data, and generating reports. It provides a wide range of features and functions that help users manage and manipulate data more efficiently.
Excel is widely used in many industries, including finance, accounting, marketing, and data analysis. It allows users to perform complex calculations, visualize data through graphs and charts, and create professional-looking reports.
In summary, Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet package that enables users to create, analyze, and manipulate data in a structured and organized manner.

The logic gate in the figure above is

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The logic gate in the figure above is an **XOR gate**.

An XOR gate, also known as an Exclusive OR gate, is a digital logic gate that performs an exclusive OR operation. It has two input terminals and one output terminal. The output of an XOR gate is true (1) when the two input signals are different, and false (0) when the two input signals are the same.

In the figure, the gate has two inputs labeled A and B, and one output labeled O. Based on the connections, we can deduce that this gate is an XOR gate. If A and B are different, the output will be true (1). If A and B are the same, the output will be false (0).

Large computers are classified as

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Large computers are classified as **mainframe computers**. These are powerful machines that are capable of performing complex tasks and handling large amounts of data. Mainframe computers are designed to be used by multiple users simultaneously, making them suitable for large organizations or institutions that have high computing needs. They have the ability to run multiple operating systems and software applications at the same time. One of the distinguishing features of mainframe computers is their high processing power and storage capacity. They can handle massive data processing tasks and have robust memory capabilities. This makes them ideal for handling large-scale data processing operations such as financial transactions, scientific calculations, and data analysis. Unlike other types of computers, mainframes are often housed in dedicated rooms called data centers. These rooms are equipped with specialized cooling and power supply systems to ensure the proper functioning of the mainframe computers. In summary, mainframe computers are large and powerful systems that excel at processing and storing large amounts of data, making them suitable for organizations with high computing needs.

Which of the following is not an example of graphics packages

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Quattro Pro is not a graphics package. It is a spreadsheet program developed by Borland and now managed by Corel. It provides tools for data management and analysis. Havard Graphics, Freelance, and Corel Draw are examples of graphics packages. They provide tools for creating and editing images, drawings, and illustrations.