JAMB UTME - Use of English - 1991

One fact that we have to complement is that, in our unconscious mind, we cannot distinguish between a wish and a deed. We are all aware of some of our illogical dreams in which two completely opposite statements can exist side by side – very acceptable in our dreams but unthinkable and illogical in our waking state. Just as our unconscious mind cannot differentiate between the wish to kill somebody in anger and the act of having done so, the young child is unable to make this distinction. The child who angrily wishes his mother to drop dead for not having gratified his needs will traumatized greatly by the actual death of his mother – even if this event is not linked closely in the time with his destructive wishes. He will always take part of or the whole of the blames for the loss of his mother. He will always say to himself - rarely to others - I did it. I am responsible. I was bad, therefore mummy left me. ‘It is well to remember that the child will react in the same manner if he loses a parent by divorce, separation or desertion.

Death is often seen by a child as an impermanent thing and has therefore little distinction from a divorce which he may have an opportunity to see the parent again.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

I ran _____ an old friend of mine on Broad Street and brought him home

One fact that we have to complement is that, in our unconscious mind, we cannot distinguish between a wish and a deed. We are all aware of some of our illogical dreams in which two completely opposite statements can exist side by side – very acceptable in our dreams but unthinkable and illogical in our waking state. Just as our unconscious mind cannot differentiate between the wish to kill somebody in anger and the act of having done so, the young child is unable to make this distinction. The child who angrily wishes his mother to drop dead for not having gratified his needs will traumatized greatly by the actual death of his mother – even if this event is not linked closely in the time with his destructive wishes. He will always take part of or the whole of the blames for the loss of his mother. He will always say to himself - rarely to others - I did it. I am responsible. I was bad, therefore mummy left me. ‘It is well to remember that the child will react in the same manner if he loses a parent by divorce, separation or desertion.

Death is often seen by a child as an impermanent thing and has therefore little distinction from a divorce which he may have an opportunity to see the parent again.

In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word(s) or phrase(s) underlined:

He has been advised to keep his head,the confusion not withstanding

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

The African extended family system gives security to _____ members

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

Only observers from the Ministry of Works _____ allowed into the conference room

One fact that we have to complement is that, in our unconscious mind, we cannot distinguish between a wish and a deed. We are all aware of some of our illogical dreams in which two completely opposite statements can exist side by side – very acceptable in our dreams but unthinkable and illogical in our waking state. Just as our unconscious mind cannot differentiate between the wish to kill somebody in anger and the act of having done so, the young child is unable to make this distinction. The child who angrily wishes his mother to drop dead for not having gratified his needs will traumatized greatly by the actual death of his mother – even if this event is not linked closely in the time with his destructive wishes. He will always take part of or the whole of the blames for the loss of his mother. He will always say to himself - rarely to others - I did it. I am responsible. I was bad, therefore mummy left me. ‘It is well to remember that the child will react in the same manner if he loses a parent by divorce, separation or desertion.

Death is often seen by a child as an impermanent thing and has therefore little distinction from a divorce which he may have an opportunity to see the parent again.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

We saw Ifueko _____ an egg on the wall

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

When the transformer blew up, Saka threw himself down _____ his stomach

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

The story on the lost jewel was quite _____

In the question below choose the option opposite in meaning to the word underlined:

The hostess greeted her guests in a very relaxed manner

In the question below choose the option nearest meaning to the word or phrase underlined:

If Garba had listen to advice, he would not have had to be rushed to the hospital

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

I would have been surprised if you _____ the orange

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

Atuk, without giving any hint as to what he intended to do, went and _____ himself

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

_____ him in the crowd, i would have told you at once

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

I have only three tubers of yam _____ in the store, i cannot afford to give you any more

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

A panel set up to probe the organization's activities _____ yet to sit

In the question below choose the option opposite in meaning to the word underlined:

I am happy to inform you that your boys are conscientious

The young are not listening to their elders, and perhaps they never have. But now it happens that, with many of them, the reason may be medical. The young aren’t listening because they can’t hear. Just as nagging parents have long suspected, otologists (hearing specialist) now report that youngsters are going deaf as a result of blasting their eardrums with electronically amplified rock ‘n’ roll.

The hearing specialists used to worry about loud noise as a cause of deafness only in industrial and military situations. They knew that eight hours of daily exposure, year in and year out, to the din of the proverbial boiler factory, would eventually result in permanent hearing loss. Riveters were particularly susceptible. Then they learned that the same thing happened to aviators. After the advent of jets, the hazard applied to the ground crews at airport and flight-deck personnel aboard aircrafts – hence the introduction of insulated noise absorbing plastic earmuffs.

In discotheques and rock ‘n’ roll joints, the trouble is not so much in the instrument themselves, or the close quarters. The blame goes to the electronic amplifiers. An old-fashion military ban, playing a march in Ramat Park, generated as much sound. But the sound was not amplified and was dissipated in the open air. A trombonist sitting in front of a tuba player might be a bit deaf for an hour or so after a concert, and then his hearing returns to normal. A microphone hooked up to a public address system did not appreciably increase the hearing hazard. What he did was multiple microphones and speakers, and the installation of internal microphones in such instruments as guitars and bouzoukis.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

I know i _____ read more, but i am tired

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

Jimoh is noted for his _____ attitude to his seniors at school

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

How i wish i _____ my mother's advice

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

The college bus was travelling at high _____ when the accidents occurred

In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined:

There is no love lost between Hassan and Hassana

The young are not listening to their elders, and perhaps they never have. But now it happens that, with many of them, the reason may be medical. The young aren’t listening because they can’t hear. Just as nagging parents have long suspected, otologists (hearing specialist) now report that youngsters are going deaf as a result of blasting their eardrums with electronically amplified rock ‘n’ roll.

The hearing specialists used to worry about loud noise as a cause of deafness only in industrial and military situations. They knew that eight hours of daily exposure, year in and year out, to the din of the proverbial boiler factory, would eventually result in permanent hearing loss. Riveters were particularly susceptible. Then they learned that the same thing happened to aviators. After the advent of jets, the hazard applied to the ground crews at airport and flight-deck personnel aboard aircrafts – hence the introduction of insulated noise absorbing plastic earmuffs.

In discotheques and rock ‘n’ roll joints, the trouble is not so much in the instrument themselves, or the close quarters. The blame goes to the electronic amplifiers. An old-fashion military ban, playing a march in Ramat Park, generated as much sound. But the sound was not amplified and was dissipated in the open air. A trombonist sitting in front of a tuba player might be a bit deaf for an hour or so after a concert, and then his hearing returns to normal. A microphone hooked up to a public address system did not appreciably increase the hearing hazard. What he did was multiple microphones and speakers, and the installation of internal microphones in such instruments as guitars and bouzoukis.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

The sea wave continues to _____ the cliff on the west coast constantly

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

The school will _____ for Easter in another six weeks

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

The spokesman confirmed that government would not give _____ to the demands of trade union leaders

In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined:

Whether the villages head should identify himself with the activities of religious demonstrations has remained a burning question

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

Many streets in the town _____ in need of lights at night

The young are not listening to their elders, and perhaps they never have. But now it happens that, with many of them, the reason may be medical. The young aren’t listening because they can’t hear. Just as nagging parents have long suspected, otologists (hearing specialist) now report that youngsters are going deaf as a result of blasting their eardrums with electronically amplified rock ‘n’ roll.

The hearing specialists used to worry about loud noise as a cause of deafness only in industrial and military situations. They knew that eight hours of daily exposure, year in and year out, to the din of the proverbial boiler factory, would eventually result in permanent hearing loss. Riveters were particularly susceptible. Then they learned that the same thing happened to aviators. After the advent of jets, the hazard applied to the ground crews at airport and flight-deck personnel aboard aircrafts – hence the introduction of insulated noise absorbing plastic earmuffs.

In discotheques and rock ‘n’ roll joints, the trouble is not so much in the instrument themselves, or the close quarters. The blame goes to the electronic amplifiers. An old-fashion military ban, playing a march in Ramat Park, generated as much sound. But the sound was not amplified and was dissipated in the open air. A trombonist sitting in front of a tuba player might be a bit deaf for an hour or so after a concert, and then his hearing returns to normal. A microphone hooked up to a public address system did not appreciably increase the hearing hazard. What he did was multiple microphones and speakers, and the installation of internal microphones in such instruments as guitars and bouzoukis.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

Either the chief of the village or the leader of the farmers _____ to be held responsible for the revolt

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

Mr and Mrs Akoka were sad and disappointed _____ the performance of their son

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

The man rose to an important position as a result of ________ hard work

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

I do not intend to stay long at the function. i only want to _____

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

The attitude of my students to _____ baffles me

All too often, there is deference between what we say and what we think we have said, and between how we feel we have handled people and how they think they have been treated. When such ‘gaps’ occur between the intent and the action, it is often stated that there has been ‘a break- down in communication ’. Sometimes the break – down is allowed to become so serious that the gap becomes a chasm, relatives in family ceasing to speak to one another, managements and trade unions refusing to meet, government recalling ambassadors when relations between states reach a low ebb.

In fact, sometimes when people communicate, either as individual or within groups, problems inevitably occur; instruction maybe impossible to carry out, offence is taken at a particular remark, a directive is ambiguously phrased or people’s attitudes are colored by jealousy, resentment or frustration.

During the past fifty years, industrial, commercial and public service organization have grown prodigiously to meet the needs of advanced technological societies. Sometimes as many as 10,000 people work on one site, or one company employs more than 50,000 people. Clearly, good communications are essential to the efficient operation of any organization, and vital to the fulfillment of al those who commit their working lives to it.

For this reason, management specialist and behavioral scientist have devoted much thought and energy over recent years to analyzing the problems caused by bad communication practices, and creating good communication climate and systems.

As a result of the current structure of societies and economies, most of us spend our working lives in an organization that we become good communicators with social skills.

The most essential tool of communication not specifically mentioned in this passage is

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

He _____ by now, i can hear all the people shouting

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

_____ i know, nobody has seen any loepards in this area

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

I did not enjoy the party. If you had invited Tariere, it _____ better organized

All too often, there is deference between what we say and what we think we have said, and between how we feel we have handled people and how they think they have been treated. When such ‘gaps’ occur between the intent and the action, it is often stated that there has been ‘a break- down in communication ’. Sometimes the break – down is allowed to become so serious that the gap becomes a chasm, relatives in family ceasing to speak to one another, managements and trade unions refusing to meet, government recalling ambassadors when relations between states reach a low ebb.

In fact, sometimes when people communicate, either as individual or within groups, problems inevitably occur; instruction maybe impossible to carry out, offence is taken at a particular remark, a directive is ambiguously phrased or people’s attitudes are colored by jealousy, resentment or frustration.

During the past fifty years, industrial, commercial and public service organization have grown prodigiously to meet the needs of advanced technological societies. Sometimes as many as 10,000 people work on one site, or one company employs more than 50,000 people. Clearly, good communications are essential to the efficient operation of any organization, and vital to the fulfillment of al those who commit their working lives to it.

For this reason, management specialist and behavioral scientist have devoted much thought and energy over recent years to analyzing the problems caused by bad communication practices, and creating good communication climate and systems.

As a result of the current structure of societies and economies, most of us spend our working lives in an organization that we become good communicators with social skills.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

The girl that my brother introduced to us last week is pretty _____ ill-mannered

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

If only Adoyi _____ what was good for him he could easily have avoided the tragedy

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

After listening to the statement from two students, the headmaster realized that it was a trivial argument that _____ a serious quarrel between them

In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in underlined:

The woman acted courageously when she was attacked by thieves

All too often, there is deference between what we say and what we think we have said, and between how we feel we have handled people and how they think they have been treated. When such ‘gaps’ occur between the intent and the action, it is often stated that there has been ‘a break- down in communication ’. Sometimes the break – down is allowed to become so serious that the gap becomes a chasm, relatives in family ceasing to speak to one another, managements and trade unions refusing to meet, government recalling ambassadors when relations between states reach a low ebb.

In fact, sometimes when people communicate, either as individual or within groups, problems inevitably occur; instruction maybe impossible to carry out, offence is taken at a particular remark, a directive is ambiguously phrased or people’s attitudes are colored by jealousy, resentment or frustration.

During the past fifty years, industrial, commercial and public service organization have grown prodigiously to meet the needs of advanced technological societies. Sometimes as many as 10,000 people work on one site, or one company employs more than 50,000 people. Clearly, good communications are essential to the efficient operation of any organization, and vital to the fulfillment of al those who commit their working lives to it.

For this reason, management specialist and behavioral scientist have devoted much thought and energy over recent years to analyzing the problems caused by bad communication practices, and creating good communication climate and systems.

As a result of the current structure of societies and economies, most of us spend our working lives in an organization that we become good communicators with social skills.

In the question below choose the option opposite in meaning to the word underlined:

My father is a very prosperous businessman

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

The patient is suffering from _____

The young are not listening to their elders, and perhaps they never have. But now it happens that, with many of them, the reason may be medical. The young aren’t listening because they can’t hear. Just as nagging parents have long suspected, otologists (hearing specialist) now report that youngsters are going deaf as a result of blasting their eardrums with electronically amplified rock ‘n’ roll.

In discotheques and rock ‘n’ roll joints, the trouble is not so much in the instrument themselves, or the close quarters. The blame goes to the electronic amplifiers. An old-fashion military ban, playing a march in Ramat Park, generated as much sound. But the sound was not amplified and was dissipated in the open air. A trombonist sitting in front of a tuba player might be a bit deaf for an hour or so after a concert, and then his hearing returns to normal. A microphone hooked up to a public address system did not appreciably increase the hearing hazard. What he did was multiple microphones and speakers, and the installation of internal microphones in such instruments as guitars and bouzoukis.

'The same thing happened to aviators'. This excerpt according to the passage, means

In the question below choose the option opposite in meaning to the word underlined:

Ayo takes his studies rather lightly

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

Asabe is overdue for retirement as she _____ in this college since 1954

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

The Board has been having _____ series of meeting lately

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

On getting to the seashore, _____

In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined:

Aduke: Ngozi, let's visit the market. Ngozi: if you insist, Ngozi

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

The chief priest will _____ the men into the cult today

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

Insects can become _____ to insecticides

The young are not listening to their elders, and perhaps they never have. But now it happens that, with many of them, the reason may be medical. The young aren’t listening because they can’t hear. Just as nagging parents have long suspected, otologists (hearing specialist) now report that youngsters are going deaf as a result of blasting their eardrums with electronically amplified rock ‘n’ roll.

The hearing specialists used to worry about loud noise as a cause of deafness only in industrial and military situations. They knew that eight hours of daily exposure, year in and year out, to the din of the proverbial boiler factory, would eventually result in permanent hearing loss. Riveters were particularly susceptible. Then they learned that the same thing happened to aviators. After the advent of jets, the hazard applied to the ground crews at airport and flight-deck personnel aboard aircrafts – hence the introduction of insulated noise absorbing plastic earmuffs.

In discotheques and rock ‘n’ roll joints, the trouble is not so much in the instrument themselves, or the close quarters. The blame goes to the electronic amplifiers. An old-fashion military ban, playing a march in Ramat Park, generated as much sound. But the sound was not amplified and was dissipated in the open air. A trombonist sitting in front of a tuba player might be a bit deaf for an hour or so after a concert, and then his hearing returns to normal. A microphone hooked up to a public address system did not appreciably increase the hearing hazard. What he did was multiple microphones and speakers, and the installation of internal microphones in such instruments as guitars and bouzoukis.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

When we got to the president's house, we were told that he _____ two days earlier

In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in italics:

When yo go to foreign country to study, you will discover that life is not a bed of roses

Undergraduate students in psychology and education come to their first course in statistics with diverse expectation of and background in mathematics. Some have considerable formal training and quantitative aptitude and look forward to learning statistics. Others – perhaps the majority, including some of those who aspire to postgraduate studies – are less confident in their quantitative skills. They regard a course in statistics as a necessary evil for the understanding or carrying out of research in their chosen fields, but an evil nonetheless.

  The third edition, like the predecessors, is directed primarily at the latter audience it was written with the conviction that statistical concepts can be described simply without loss of accuracy and that understanding statistical techniques as research tools can be effectively promoted by discussing them within the context of their application to concrete data rather than as pure abstraction. Further, its contents are limited to those statistical techniques that are widely used in the literature of psychology and to the principle underlying them.

  The changes that have been made in this edition reflect both the results of our teaching experience and the increasing prominence being given by statisticians to certain topics. Thus our discussion of some procedures, particularly those in the realm of descriptive statistics, which students grasp easily, have being shortened or rearranged. The treatment of other topics has been expanded. Greater emphasis has been placed on sampling theory, hypothesis testing, and the notion at statistical power.

In the question below choose the option opposite in meaning to the word underlined:

Her identification with the king is publicly known

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

When you've finished using the telephone, please hang _____

One fact that we have to complement is that, in our unconscious mind, we cannot distinguish between a wish and a deed. We are all aware of some of our illogical dreams in which two completely opposite statements can exist side by side – very acceptable in our dreams but unthinkable and illogical in our waking state. Just as our unconscious mind cannot differentiate between the wish to kill somebody in anger and the act of having done so, the young child is unable to make this distinction. The child who angrily wishes his mother to drop dead for not having gratified his needs will traumatized greatly by the actual death of his mother – even if this event is not linked closely in the time with his destructive wishes. He will always take part of or the whole of the blames for the loss of his mother. He will always say to himself - rarely to others - I did it. I am responsible. I was bad, therefore mummy left me. ‘It is well to remember that the child will react in the same manner if he loses a parent by divorce, separation or desertion.

Death is often seen by a child as an impermanent thing and has therefore little distinction from a divorce which he may have an opportunity to see the parent again.

'Traumatized' as used in the passage means

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

The council chairman _____ the tension between the villagers and the tax collectors

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

Note that only senior members of staff have the _____ of using the toilet upstairs

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

Ebun Ojo _____ international fame as an actress

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

If they had not all jumped out of the car just in time, they _____

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

By the time the plane reaches Harare, it _____ in te air for twelve hours

In the question below choose the option opposite in meaning to the word underlined:

It is a unique opportunity for her to demonstrate the reality of her faith

In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in underlined:

We all have both good and bad characteristics. Either is, however, easily manifested in times of crisis

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

Sibi _____ novels since she came home

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

She asked me whether i _____ the letter for her

In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in underlined:

The new leader hands out an olive branch

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

His power supply was _____ from the mains because he did not pay his electricity bill

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

Little did Tunde realize that his frequent unwarranted reports about me were working _____ my advantages

In the question below choose the option opposite in meaning to the word underlined:

He accepted a mundane task without hesitation

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

Inyang has always been shy to speak _____

All too often, there is deference between what we say and what we think we have said, and between how we feel we have handled people and how they think they have been treated. When such ‘gaps’ occur between the intent and the action, it is often stated that there has been ‘a break- down in communication ’. Sometimes the break – down is allowed to become so serious that the gap becomes a chasm, relatives in family ceasing to speak to one another, managements and trade unions refusing to meet, government recalling ambassadors when relations between states reach a low ebb.

In fact, sometimes when people communicate, either as individual or within groups, problems inevitably occur; instruction maybe impossible to carry out, offence is taken at a particular remark, a directive is ambiguously phrased or people’s attitudes are colored by jealousy, resentment or frustration.

During the past fifty years, industrial, commercial and public service organization have grown prodigiously to meet the needs of advanced technological societies. Sometimes as many as 10,000 people work on one site, or one company employs more than 50,000 people. Clearly, good communications are essential to the efficient operation of any organization, and vital to the fulfillment of al those who commit their working lives to it.

For this reason, management specialist and behavioral scientist have devoted much thought and energy over recent years to analyzing the problems caused by bad communication practices, and creating good communication climate and systems.

As a result of the current structure of societies and economies, most of us spend our working lives in an organization that we become good communicators with social skills.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

_____ his uncle helped him or not, he would still not be able to do it

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

Before the bill could be settled, Chuwang _____ all the money

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

Each of the candidates that came late _____ to complete _____

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

The police report was _____ to that of the eye witness

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

The boy who stole the mango was given _____ by an eye witness

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

I wanted to avail myself _____ the opportunity of listening to the lecture, but the lecturer failed to turn up

In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in underlined:

Because our representative is immature and biased he takes a jaundiced view of our problem

Undergraduate students in psychology and education come to their first course in statistics with diverse expectation of and background in mathematics. Some have considerable formal training and quantitative aptitude and look forward to learning statistics. Others – perhaps the majority, including some of those who aspire to postgraduate studies – are less confident in their quantitative skills. They regard a course in statistics as a necessary evil for the understanding or carrying out of research in their chosen fields, but an evil nonetheless.

  The third edition, like the predecessors, is directed primarily at the latter audience it was written with the conviction that statistical concepts can be described simply without loss of accuracy and that understanding statistical techniques as research tools can be effectively promoted by discussing them within the context of their application to concrete data rather than as pure abstraction. Further, its contents are limited to those statistical techniques that are widely used in the literature of psychology and to the principle underlying them.

  The changes that have been made in this edition reflect both the results of our teaching experience and the increasing prominence being given by statisticians to certain topics. Thus our discussion of some procedures, particularly those in the realm of descriptive statistics, which students grasp easily, have being shortened or rearranged. The treatment of other topics has been expanded. Greater emphasis has been placed on sampling theory, hypothesis testing, and the notion at statistical power.

Undergraduate students in psychology and education come to their first course in statistics with diverse expectation of and background in mathematics. Some have considerable formal training and quantitative aptitude and look forward to learning statistics. Others – perhaps the majority, including some of those who aspire to postgraduate studies – are less confident in their quantitative skills. They regard a course in statistics as a necessary evil for the understanding or carrying out of research in their chosen fields, but an evil nonetheless.

  The third edition, like the predecessors, is directed primarily at the latter audience it was written with the conviction that statistical concepts can be described simply without loss of accuracy and that understanding statistical techniques as research tools can be effectively promoted by discussing them within the context of their application to concrete data rather than as pure abstraction. Further, its contents are limited to those statistical techniques that are widely used in the literature of psychology and to the principle underlying them.

  The changes that have been made in this edition reflect both the results of our teaching experience and the increasing prominence being given by statisticians to certain topics. Thus our discussion of some procedures, particularly those in the realm of descriptive statistics, which students grasp easily, have being shortened or rearranged. The treatment of other topics has been expanded. Greater emphasis has been placed on sampling theory, hypothesis testing, and the notion at statistical power.

All too often, there is deference between what we say and what we think we have said, and between how we feel we have handled people and how they think they have been treated. When such ‘gaps’ occur between the intent and the action, it is often stated that there has been ‘a break- down in communication ’. Sometimes the break – down is allowed to become so serious that the gap becomes a chasm, relatives in family ceasing to speak to one another, managements and trade unions refusing to meet, government recalling ambassadors when relations between states reach a low ebb.

In fact, sometimes when people communicate, either as individual or within groups, problems inevitably occur; instruction maybe impossible to carry out, offence is taken at a particular remark, a directive is ambiguously phrased or people’s attitudes are colored by jealousy, resentment or frustration.

During the past fifty years, industrial, commercial and public service organization have grown prodigiously to meet the needs of advanced technological societies. Sometimes as many as 10,000 people work on one site, or one company employs more than 50,000 people. Clearly, good communications are essential to the efficient operation of any organization, and vital to the fulfillment of al those who commit their working lives to it.

For this reason, management specialist and behavioral scientist have devoted much thought and energy over recent years to analyzing the problems caused by bad communication practices, and creating good communication climate and systems.

As a result of the current structure of societies and economies, most of us spend our working lives in an organization that we become good communicators with social skills.

Undergraduate students in psychology and education come to their first course in statistics with diverse expectation of and background in mathematics. Some have considerable formal training and quantitative aptitude and look forward to learning statistics. Others – perhaps the majority, including some of those who aspire to postgraduate studies – are less confident in their quantitative skills. They regard a course in statistics as a necessary evil for the understanding or carrying out of research in their chosen fields, but an evil nonetheless.

  The third edition, like the predecessors, is directed primarily at the latter audience it was written with the conviction that statistical concepts can be described simply without loss of accuracy and that understanding statistical techniques as research tools can be effectively promoted by discussing them within the context of their application to concrete data rather than as pure abstraction. Further, its contents are limited to those statistical techniques that are widely used in the literature of psychology and to the principle underlying them.

  The changes that have been made in this edition reflect both the results of our teaching experience and the increasing prominence being given by statisticians to certain topics. Thus our discussion of some procedures, particularly those in the realm of descriptive statistics, which students grasp easily, have being shortened or rearranged. The treatment of other topics has been expanded. Greater emphasis has been placed on sampling theory, hypothesis testing, and the notion at statistical power.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

Provided you _____ to the market very soon, we shall be able to eat enough

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

If had been told of the matter earlier, i _____ there so late

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

The effort made by the principal to get the students to be serious in their studies _____

  The preparation which a study of the humanities can provide stems from three observations about education in our world of accelerating social and technological change. First, with the rate of change, we cannot hope to train our student for specific technologies. That kind of vocational education is obsolescent. By the time the specific training will have been completed, the world will have moved on.

  If our education consists of narrow training, we will not be prepared to change. Second and paradoxically, what our student desire from their education is preparation for specific careers – business, engineering, medicine, computer programming and the like, but we will not be able to train them for a life-long career. Their confronting the depressed job market gives our students a certain anxiety, but the solution they seek in vocational training is not sufficient. Third, we sense in our students a narrow materialism, with the good life defined in terms of material comforts. Education then means learning to do a job which will make money. I see in this definition a limiting sense of what education and thus life offer, a definition which excludes joy and meaning. Our narrow approach to the study of the humanities responds to these three related problems. In our changing, yet narrow world, the teaching of the humanities finds one powerful justification – it teaches student how to think.

'Our world of accelerating social and technological change' means that

One fact that we have to complement is that, in our unconscious mind, we cannot distinguish between a wish and a deed. We are all aware of some of our illogical dreams in which two completely opposite statements can exist side by side – very acceptable in our dreams but unthinkable and illogical in our waking state. Just as our unconscious mind cannot differentiate between the wish to kill somebody in anger and the act of having done so, the young child is unable to make this distinction. The child who angrily wishes his mother to drop dead for not having gratified his needs will traumatized greatly by the actual death of his mother – even if this event is not linked closely in the time with his destructive wishes. He will always take part of or the whole of the blames for the loss of his mother. He will always say to himself - rarely to others - I did it. I am responsible. I was bad, therefore mummy left me. ‘It is well to remember that the child will react in the same manner if he loses a parent by divorce, separation or desertion.

Death is often seen by a child as an impermanent thing and has therefore little distinction from a divorce which he may have an opportunity to see the parent again.

In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in underlined:

The president has sent his regrets. He is unable to attend the meeting

In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined:

I would rather not attend the party

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

We must observe that most of the support by other states _____ only marginal returns

In the question below choose the option opposite in meaning to the word underlined:

The doctor was very gentle with his patients in the examining room

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

Many students have joined the _____ movement

Undergraduate students in psychology and education come to their first course in statistics with diverse expectation of and background in mathematics. Some have considerable formal training and quantitative aptitude and look forward to learning statistics. Others – perhaps the majority, including some of those who aspire to postgraduate studies – are less confident in their quantitative skills. They regard a course in statistics as a necessary evil for the understanding or carrying out of research in their chosen fields, but an evil nonetheless.

  The third edition, like the predecessors, is directed primarily at the latter audience it was written with the conviction that statistical concepts can be described simply without loss of accuracy and that understanding statistical techniques as research tools can be effectively promoted by discussing them within the context of their application to concrete data rather than as pure abstraction. Further, its contents are limited to those statistical techniques that are widely used in the literature of psychology and to the principle underlying them.

  The changes that have been made in this edition reflect both the results of our teaching experience and the increasing prominence being given by statisticians to certain topics. Thus our discussion of some procedures, particularly those in the realm of descriptive statistics, which students grasp easily, have being shortened or rearranged. The treatment of other topics has been expanded. Greater emphasis has been placed on sampling theory, hypothesis testing, and the notion at statistical power.