WAEC SSCE - Government - 2022 (Objective)

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Question 5 Report

The Atlantic Charter gave birth to the

Commonwealth of Nations

Allied powers

United Nations

North Atlantic Treaty Organisation

Answer Details

The Atlantic Charter was a joint declaration issued in August 1941 by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and US President Franklin D. Roosevelt, during World War II. It outlined the goals of the Allied powers for a post-war world and served as a foundation for the establishment of the United Nations. Therefore, the correct option is "United Nations".

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Structures Of Governance

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Question 6 Report

The Council of Elders in the pre-colonial political institutions of West Africa best served on the Council as

warriors of the state

go-between the gods and the people

custodians of the wealth of the state

representative of the commoners

Pre-colonial Political System Of Candidates’ Respective Countries

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Question 7 Report

A quasi-federal structure is so arranged in order for the

centre to coordinate national level programmes

citizens to have dual allegiance and dual citizenship

component units to breakaway at will

president to amend the constitution at will

State Structure And Characteristics Of Government

The Structure And Workings Of Nigerian Federalism

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Question 8 Report

Most pressure groups especially in West Africa fail to achieve their goals as a result of

good governance

charisma of the president

transparency of the legislature

corrupt leadership

Answer Details

Most pressure groups especially in West Africa fail to achieve their goals as a result of corrupt leadership. This is because corrupt leaders often prioritize their personal interests above the interests of the group they lead. They may take bribes from opponents of the group or engage in other unethical practices that undermine the group's efforts. Additionally, corrupt leaders may use the group as a means of advancing their own political ambitions rather than working to achieve the group's stated goals. This can lead to a lack of focus and direction, which can hinder the group's effectiveness in achieving its objectives.

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Local Government

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Question 9 Report

Local Government authorities may not receive cooperation from the local people due to the issue of

top bottom approach to development

accessibility to internet facilities

lack of support for the ruling governemnt

non availability of spiritual centres

Answer Details

Local government authorities may face difficulty in receiving cooperation from the local people due to a variety of reasons. One possible reason could be the lack of support for the ruling government, which could be due to political differences, dissatisfaction with government policies or corruption. Another possible reason could be the top-down approach to development, where decisions are made at the higher levels of government without consulting the local people. This can lead to a lack of ownership and participation from the local community. Accessibility to internet facilities may also be a factor, as this could limit communication and access to information. Non-availability of spiritual centres may not be a major factor in hindering cooperation from local people towards local government authorities.

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Local Government

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Question 10 Report

In which system of government does the legislature pass a vote of no confidence in the government?

Federal

Cabinet

De jure

Monarchical

Answer Details

The system of government in which the legislature passes a vote of no confidence in the government is the Cabinet system. In this system, the government is composed of the Prime Minister and his/her Cabinet, who are responsible to the legislature. If the legislature passes a vote of no confidence in the government, it means that they have lost faith in the ability of the government to govern effectively. This usually leads to the resignation of the government and the formation of a new one. The Cabinet system is also known as the parliamentary system, as it is based on the Westminster model of the UK.

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Systems Of Governance

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Question 11 Report

The determination and execution of government policies is the core function of

Public Complain Commission

Public Service Commission

Civil Service

Judicial Service

Answer Details

The determination and execution of government policies is the core function of the civil service. The civil service is the body of permanent, professional officials who work in government agencies and departments. They are responsible for advising government officials on policy development, implementing policies, and providing essential services to the public. The civil service is involved in all aspects of government policy, from developing and implementing social welfare policies to overseeing the delivery of public services such as health care, education, and transportation. They provide expert advice to policymakers on the feasibility and effectiveness of proposed policies, and work to ensure that policies are implemented effectively and efficiently. Furthermore, civil servants are also responsible for managing public resources, ensuring transparency and accountability in government operations, and upholding the rule of law. They play a critical role in ensuring that government policies are fair, just, and beneficial to all citizens. In conclusion, the civil service is the key institution responsible for the determination and execution of government policies. Civil servants provide expert advice to policymakers, oversee policy implementation, and ensure transparency and accountability in government operations.

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Question 12 Report

One negative effect of colonialism on the people of West Africa over the years is the

introduction of modern idea of governance

creation of large political units

change of the socio-political systems of living

development of political institutions

Imperialist Penetration

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Question 13 Report

In which political system does the government control every aspect of a citizen's life?

communism

Dictatorship

Totalitarianism

Aristocracy

Answer Details

The political system where the government controls every aspect of a citizen's life is called Totalitarianism. In this system, the government exercises complete and total control over all aspects of society, including the economy, media, education, and even people's personal lives. Totalitarian governments often use propaganda, censorship, and surveillance to maintain their power and suppress any dissent. Citizens have little or no individual freedom, and their rights and opinions are often ignored or suppressed. This type of political system is often associated with authoritarian leaders and one-party rule.

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Political Ideologies

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Question 14 Report

In an election, secret ballot is described as the process where the voter

is screened off to conceal the vote

cast the vote in a sealed box

in assisted to cast the vote

is searched before casting the vote

The Electoral Process

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Question 15 Report

A pressure group which resorts to violence as a means of pressing home its demands is described as

anomic

associational

labour

attitudinal

Local Government

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Question 16 Report

Which of the following factors does not influence a country's foreign policy?

Human resources

Geographical location

System of education and number of universities

International laws and conventions

Answer Details

The factor that does not influence a country's foreign policy is the system of education and the number of universities. While education and universities may play a role in shaping a country's perspective and approach to foreign policy, it is not a direct determinant of a country's foreign policy. Rather, foreign policy is typically influenced by factors such as a country's geographical location, economic interests, political ideology, military power, and international laws and conventions. These factors can shape a country's relationship with other nations and determine the extent of its involvement in international affairs.

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Foreign Policies Of The Candidates’ Respective Countries

Foreign Policy

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Question 17 Report

Public corporation has a legal personality which means that

no legal suit can be brought against

it can sue and can be sued

it has ultimate power to make its own laws

there is a legal department that represents it

Answer Details

A public corporation with a legal personality can sue and can be sued. Legal personality is a concept in law that refers to the ability of an entity to have legal rights and obligations, including the ability to enter into contracts, own property, and sue or be sued in court. A public corporation is a type of legal entity created by the government to carry out public functions, such as providing public services or managing public assets. As a legal entity, a public corporation has legal personality, which means it can be treated as a separate legal entity from its owners or members. This allows a public corporation to enter into contracts, own property, and sue or be sued in court, just like any other legal entity. It also means that if the public corporation is sued, the lawsuit is brought against the corporation and not against its individual members or owners. In summary, a public corporation with legal personality can sue and can be sued, which is one of the key aspects of having legal personality.

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Public Corporations And Parastatals

Public/civil Service Administration

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Question 18 Report

One major problem associated with the cabinet system of government is the

abuse of power

frequent change of government

large number of ministers

supremacy of the executive

Answer Details

One major problem associated with the cabinet system of government is the potential for abuse of power. In a cabinet system, the executive branch of government, which is headed by the prime minister or president, is responsible for selecting and overseeing the cabinet ministers, who are responsible for various departments and functions of the government. While this system can promote efficiency and coordination within the government, it also creates the potential for the executive branch to abuse its power and influence over the other branches of government, as well as the broader political system. For example, the executive may use its control over the cabinet to push through policies or legislation that benefit its own interests or those of its allies, even if they are not in the best interests of the broader population. Furthermore, in some cases, the cabinet system may lead to the supremacy of the executive branch, at the expense of the legislative and judicial branches. This can create a situation where the government is able to operate without proper checks and balances, leading to abuses of power, corruption, and other negative outcomes. Overall, while the cabinet system of government has its advantages, it is important to be aware of the potential for abuse of power and to ensure that appropriate checks and balances are in place to prevent this from occurring.

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Organs Of Government

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Question 19 Report

A country's foreign policy is foremost driven by

economy

location

natural resources

national interest

Answer Details

A country's foreign policy refers to the set of strategies and principles that guide its interactions with other countries and international organizations. The foremost driving force behind a country's foreign policy is its national interest. National interest refers to the goals, values, and objectives that a country seeks to achieve in its relations with other countries. These interests may include economic, political, strategic, and security interests, among others. For example, a country may have an economic interest in promoting trade and investment with other countries, or a strategic interest in building alliances to counter common threats. These interests guide the development of the country's foreign policy, and determine how it engages with other countries and international organizations. While other factors such as location, natural resources, and economy may also influence a country's foreign policy, the national interest is the primary driving force. A country's foreign policy must serve its national interests and reflect the values and aspirations of its people. In conclusion, a country's foreign policy is primarily driven by its national interest, which encompasses a range of goals and objectives that a country seeks to achieve in its interactions with other countries and international organizations.

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Relations With African Countries

Foreign Policy

Nigeria In International Organizations

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Question 20 Report

A coalition government is a common feature of a

two party systems

multi-party system

one party system

non-party system

Answer Details

A coalition government is a common feature of a multi-party system. In a multi-party system, there are usually more than two parties with no party winning an outright majority. In such a scenario, parties may form a coalition government to achieve a majority and gain control of the government. A coalition government is formed when two or more political parties come together to form a government. Each party in the coalition agrees to share power and work together on certain policies and agendas. This arrangement helps to promote political stability and encourages consensus-building among different political parties.

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Forms Of Government

Political Ideologies

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Question 21 Report

A country's constitution may be derived from which one of the following sources?

Educated elites

Civil society organisations

civil disobedience

Customs and conventions

Answer Details

A country's constitution is a set of fundamental rules and principles that determine how the country is governed. It may be derived from various sources, but one of the most common sources is customs and conventions. Customs and conventions refer to the long-standing practices and traditions that have been accepted and respected by the people of a country. These customs and conventions often reflect the values and beliefs of a society and are passed down from generation to generation. When a country is being formed or reformed, the people may look to their customs and conventions to guide the drafting of a constitution. This approach ensures that the constitution reflects the values and traditions of the people, and is therefore more likely to be accepted and respected. In some cases, educated elites or civil society organizations may also play a role in the drafting of a constitution. However, customs and conventions often provide a strong foundation for the constitution and help to ensure its legitimacy in the eyes of the people. Civil disobedience is not a source of constitution but a form of peaceful protest or resistance to challenge an unjust law or government policy.

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Constitution

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Question 22 Report

The media helps to enrich discourse on national issues through its

marketing

editorial comments

sales and advertisement

correspondents

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Question 23 Report

One of the benefits which the West African state derive from the United Nations is

equal opportunities of appointments to its highest office

permanent membership of the Security Council

greater access to all the organs of the United Nations

total eradication of poverty from the African continent

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Question 24 Report

The following options are today the biggest threat to the democracy of West African State except

election disputes and related violence

military intervention in politics

youth unemployment

non involvement of traditional rulers in politics.

Answer Details

Non-involvement of traditional rulers in politics is not a threat to democracy in West Africa. When election results are disputed or there are irregularities in the electoral process, it undermines the legitimacy of elected officials and can lead to political instability. Violence related to election disputes further exacerbates this issue, creating an environment of fear and intimidation that hampers democratic practices. Military interventions, such as coups or direct involvement in governance, undermine the principles of democratic rule and can lead to authoritarian regimes. Youth unemployment can lead them to violence or to assist political figures to rig elections and this can be a threat to democracy.

However the non-involvement of traditional rulers in politics is not necessarily a threat to democracy.

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Political Ideologies

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Question 25 Report

When a superior court declares an action of the executive ultra-vires, it means that

the executive should leave power

a vote of no confidence had been passed on the government

the judiciary is more powerful than the executive

the action is illegal and of no effect

Arms Of Government

Constitutions

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Question 26 Report

The sovereignty of a state can be limited to a great extent by

Rule of law

separation of powers

International Laws and conventions

Legislative Assembly

Arms Of Government

Constitutions

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Question 27 Report

The process of international integration arising from the inter-change of world views, products, ideas and other aspects of culture is known as

national interest

globalisation

geopolitics

interest aggregation

Answer Details

The process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture is known as globalization. It refers to the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries and people around the world. Globalization is driven by advancements in technology, transportation, and communication, which have made it easier for people and goods to move across borders. Globalization has had a significant impact on many aspects of society, including the economy, politics, and culture. It has led to the growth of international trade and investment, the spread of democracy and human rights, and the development of a global culture that transcends national boundaries. However, globalization has also been criticized for exacerbating inequality, environmental degradation, and cultural homogenization. Overall, globalization represents a complex and multifaceted process of international integration that has both positive and negative consequences.

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Public Opinion

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Question 28 Report

The administrative head of the ministry is the

official of the ruling government

general manager

permanent secretary

chief coordinating office

Answer Details

The administrative head of the ministry is the Permanent Secretary. The Permanent Secretary is the most senior civil servant within a ministry or department, and is responsible for overseeing the day-to-day operations and management of the organization. The Permanent Secretary is appointed by the government, and serves as the principal advisor to the Minister or Secretary of the department on matters related to policy and administration. They are responsible for coordinating and implementing government policies, managing the department's budget and resources, and ensuring that the department operates efficiently and effectively. In addition to their administrative duties, the Permanent Secretary is also responsible for managing the department's staff, including hiring and promoting employees, managing performance and discipline, and providing training and development opportunities. Overall, the Permanent Secretary plays a critical role in the functioning of the government and the implementation of its policies, and serves as an important link between the political leadership and the civil service.

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Question 29 Report

Which of the following options is not a function of political parties?

Policy implementation

Political socialisation

Political education

Aggregation of interest

Answer Details

The function of political parties includes policy implementation, political socialization, political education, and aggregation of interest. All of these functions are integral to the operation of political parties in a representative democracy. Therefore, none of the options provided is not a function of political parties.

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Question 30 Report

Information dissemination and communication in a political environment had been made faster and easier with the advent of

educated practitioners

press censorship

government spokemen

social media

Answer Details

Information dissemination and communication in a political environment had been made faster and easier with the advent of social media. Social media platforms like Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram have revolutionized the way people communicate and share information, including in the political sphere. Before the advent of social media, political communication was largely controlled by traditional media outlets, such as newspapers, radio, and television. This meant that political messages and information had to go through a relatively small number of gatekeepers, such as editors and reporters, before reaching the public. With the rise of social media, however, individuals and organizations can communicate directly with the public without the need for intermediaries. Politicians can use social media to reach a wider audience, engage directly with their supporters, and respond quickly to issues and events. Citizens can use social media to express their views, mobilize support, and hold politicians accountable. Social media has also made it easier for citizens to access information about politics and government. With a few clicks, anyone can access news articles, policy documents, and other information about political issues. This has helped to promote transparency and accountability in government. In summary, social media has made information dissemination and communication in a political environment faster and easier. It has revolutionized the way people communicate and share information, and has given individuals and organizations greater control over political messaging and information. It has also made it easier for citizens to access information about politics and government, promoting transparency and accountability.

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Question 31 Report

The passing of laws by an arm of government to regulate society is the function of the

judiciary

executive

legislature

police

Answer Details

The passing of laws by an arm of government to regulate society is the function of the legislature. The legislature is one of the three arms of government, alongside the executive and judiciary. The primary function of the legislature is to make laws that govern society. In most democratic countries, the legislature is composed of elected representatives who are responsible for representing the interests of their constituents. These representatives, often referred to as lawmakers, introduce bills and proposals that are debated and voted on by the legislative body. The legislative process typically involves multiple stages, including committee review, debate, and voting. Once a bill is passed by the legislature, it is sent to the executive branch for approval or veto. The passing of laws is a critical function of the legislature because it sets the rules and regulations that govern society. Laws help to promote order, protect citizens' rights, and provide a framework for the functioning of government and society. In summary, the passing of laws by an arm of government to regulate society is the function of the legislature. The legislature is responsible for making laws that govern society, and this function is critical to promoting order, protecting citizens' rights, and providing a framework for the functioning of government and society.

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Arms Of Government

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Question 32 Report

An electoral system in which the electorate elects a small group of people who in turn elects political office holders is known as

general election

second ballot system

Electoral college

local election

Answer Details

The electoral system you're referring to is called the "Electoral College." In this system, the citizens of a country or region vote for a group of individuals, known as "electors," who are responsible for electing the political office holders on behalf of the people. In the United States, for example, the Electoral College is made up of 538 electors, who are chosen by the people in each state. Each state is allocated a certain number of electors based on its population, and the electors are typically selected based on their political affiliations or loyalty to a particular party. After the general election, which is the first round of voting, the electors from each state gather to cast their votes for the presidential and vice-presidential candidates. The candidate who receives a majority of the electoral votes (270 or more) becomes the winner of the presidential election. The Electoral College system has its advantages and disadvantages, but it's designed to ensure that the voices of all states and regions are represented in the presidential election, not just the most populous ones. However, some people argue that it can lead to a situation where a candidate who doesn't win the popular vote can still win the presidency.

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The Electoral Systems, Processes And Electoral Management Body

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Question 33 Report

Which of the following options does not constitute the main objectives of the United Nations?

The maintenance of international peace and security

The promotion of the well-being of the peoples of the world

International cooperation

The use of force to comply with its provisions

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Question 34 Report

Which summit drew the road map for the implementation of the African Union?

Sirte Summit

Lusaka Summit

Lome Summit

Lagos summit

Foreign Policy

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Question 35 Report

Militant nationalism in British West Africa after World War II sought to

kill British nationals

overthrow colonialism

stop the export of raw materials

stop the denigration of the African culture

Answer Details

Militant nationalism in British West Africa after World War II sought to overthrow colonialism. This refers to the organized and sometimes violent actions taken by nationalist groups in British West Africa, such as the Gold Coast (now Ghana), Nigeria, and Sierra Leone, who were seeking independence from British colonial rule. They believed that colonialism was an unjust system that denied Africans their basic rights and freedoms, and they used various strategies to challenge and resist colonial rule. Militant nationalism was one of those strategies, which involved using force and violence to achieve their goals.

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Nationalism In Candidates’ Respective Countries

Foreign Policies Of The Candidates’ Respective Countries

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Question 36 Report

Delegated legislation can be controlled by

report writing

press conferences

parliamentary question time

threat of secession

Answer Details

Delegated legislation refers to laws made by a person or body other than the legislature but with the authority of the legislature. This type of legislation can be controlled or scrutinized by the legislature through the process of parliamentary question time. In parliamentary question time, legislators can ask questions of government ministers, including those responsible for delegated legislation, to seek clarification or challenge any aspect of the legislation. This process helps to ensure that delegated legislation is within the scope of the enabling law, is not inconsistent with other laws, and is in the public interest.

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Structures Of Governance

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Question 37 Report

Proto-nationalism was a movement limited to the demands for

immediate end to colonialism

reforms of the political class and respect for African religion

western education

social amenities and political participation

Political Ideologies

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Question 38 Report

Representative government around the world pay attention to public opinion because of the following factors except

protection of the government from media scrutiny

indication of government in good standing with the people

provision of feedback on implementation of government policies

national security concerns

Public Opinion

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Question 39 Report

A one party system imposed by law with all other parties proscribed is

a social party system

a de jure one party system

a communist political system

an elitist party system

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Question 40 Report

The African Union is unable to play its role on the global political scene very well due to the

inadequate system of education

low level of wages in the member countries

Outbreak of pandemic on the African continent

divided loyalty among member states.

Answer Details

The African Union (AU) is a continental union consisting of 55 member states in Africa. Its main aim is to promote cooperation among African countries in political, social, and economic areas. However, the AU is often criticized for its inability to play a significant role on the global political scene. One of the reasons for this is the issue of divided loyalty among member states. African countries have different interests and priorities, and sometimes these interests clash, making it difficult for the AU to take a unified position on important issues. This lack of unity weakens the AU's bargaining power and reduces its ability to influence global decision-making.

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Local Government

Structures Of Governance

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Question 41 Report

Multi-party system is saddled with the problem of

divisiveness

limited choice

weak opposition

political consciousness

Answer Details

A multi-party system is a political system in which several parties participate and compete for power. One of the problems associated with this system is divisiveness. Because there are several parties with different ideologies, interests, and goals, there is a tendency for political actors to become divided along party lines, which can lead to political polarization, gridlock, and instability. Additionally, because there are several parties, there may be a limited choice of candidates or policies, which can lead to dissatisfaction among voters. While weak opposition can be a problem in some multi-party systems, it is not a defining characteristic of this system. Finally, a multi-party system can lead to greater political consciousness and engagement among citizens, as they have more opportunities to participate in the political process.

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Question 42 Report

In a representative government, citizens exercise their political power

directly

indirectly

in reverence for the political system

under undue political pressure

Arms Of Government

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Question 43 Report

Press control is necessary for a state particularly in the area of

the economy

auditor general's report

state security and secrets

foreign trade

Answer Details

The control of the state is necessary in various areas to ensure its proper functioning, but one area where it is particularly crucial is in the domain of state security and secrets. This is because the state is responsible for protecting its citizens and ensuring their safety, which requires it to gather and manage sensitive information that should be kept confidential. If this information falls into the wrong hands, it could potentially harm the state and its citizens. Therefore, the state must exercise control over the handling of such information and restrict access to it to only those who have a legitimate need to know. This involves putting in place robust security measures, such as encryption, firewalls, and access controls, to prevent unauthorized access and to detect and respond to any security breaches that may occur. In addition, the state must also ensure that its employees and contractors are properly trained and vetted to handle sensitive information and that they understand their responsibilities and obligations to maintain its confidentiality. Failure to exercise proper control over state security and secrets could have severe consequences, including compromising national security, endangering lives, and damaging the state's reputation and credibility.

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Arms Of Government

The Civil Service

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Question 44 Report

The youth movement across British West African territories served as a spring board for the formation of

militant groups to fight and kill British officials

political parties to champion the course of self-rule

committees to represent the people

associations in pursuit of justice for the people

Political Ideologies

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Question 45 Report

Which of the following options does the Commonwealth of Nations commit resources to?

Use of a common currency

Superiority of the British Crown

British Leadership on all matters of diplomacy

Promotion of representative democracy

Answer Details

The Commonwealth of Nations commits resources to the promotion of representative democracy. The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of 54 sovereign states, most of which are former British colonies or dependencies. It is committed to promoting democracy, human rights, economic development, and international peace and security. Therefore, out of the given options, only the promotion of representative democracy is a key area of focus for the Commonwealth of Nations. The organization works to support democracy and good governance in member countries, including by providing assistance to strengthen electoral systems, support civil society, and promote human rights.

Read lesson note on International Organizations (JAMB)