Resources To Be Conserved: Soil, Water, Wildlife

(a) What are conversation laws?

(i) State three conservation laws

(b) State two reasons why animals are poached.

(i) Name five animals that are commonly poached.

(c) State four effects of excessive use of the forest.

(d) Explain briefly the following terms: i.blood transfusion ii.antigen

Antwortdetails

(a) Conservation laws are fundamental principles in physics that state that certain physical properties, such as energy, momentum, and angular momentum, are conserved during interactions between particles or objects. (i) Three conservation laws are: 1. The conservation of energy, which states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted from one form to another. 2. The conservation of momentum, which states that the total momentum of a system remains constant unless acted upon by an external force. 3. The conservation of angular momentum, which states that the total angular momentum of a system remains constant unless acted upon by an external torque. (b) Two reasons why animals are poached are for their valuable parts such as ivory, fur, and organs, and for use in traditional medicines or cultural practices. (i) Five animals that are commonly poached are: 1. Elephants for their ivory tusks 2. Rhinoceroses for their horns 3. Tigers for their fur and bones 4. Pangolins for their scales and meat 5. Gorillas for their meat and body parts (c) Four effects of excessive use of the forest are: 1. Deforestation, which can lead to habitat loss and a decrease in biodiversity. 2. Soil erosion, which can cause landslides and decreased soil fertility. 3. Climate change, as forests absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, and their removal can contribute to increased greenhouse gas emissions. 4. Disruption of water cycles, as forests play a key role in regulating water flow and maintaining water quality. (d) i. Blood transfusion is the process of transferring blood or blood products from one person (the donor) into the bloodstream of another person (the recipient). It is often used in medical emergencies, such as to replace blood lost during surgery or trauma, or to treat certain medical conditions such as anemia. ii. An antigen is a substance that is capable of eliciting an immune response in the body, such as by causing the production of antibodies. In the context of blood transfusions, antigens are found on the surface of red blood cells and can cause an immune response if they are not compatible with the recipient's blood type. This can lead to complications such as hemolysis, a breakdown of red blood cells. Matching blood types between donor and recipient is crucial to avoid these complications.

Which of the following is an example of a microorganism in action as a disease vector?

Antwortdetails

An example of a microorganism in action as a disease vector is the mosquito transmitting malaria. Mosquitoes are tiny insects that can carry the malaria parasite from an infected person to a healthy person through their bites. Malaria is a disease caused by a microscopic parasite called Plasmodium. When a mosquito bites a person infected with malaria, it sucks up the Plasmodium parasites along with the person's blood. Inside the mosquito, the parasites go through a complex life cycle and multiply. When the mosquito bites another person, it injects saliva containing the malaria parasites into the healthy person's bloodstream. The parasites then travel to the person's liver and red blood cells, where they continue to multiply, causing the symptoms of malaria. This means that the mosquito acts as a vector, carrying and transmitting the disease-causing microorganism (Plasmodium) from one person to another. Mosquitoes are responsible for spreading malaria, which is a major health concern in many parts of the world, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. It's important to note that while fungi decomposing dead plant material, bacteria causing food poisoning, and algae producing oxygen through photosynthesis are all examples of microorganisms, they do not typically act as disease vectors like the mosquito in the case of malaria transmission.