JAMB UTME - Use of English - 2024

Choose the option that is opposite in meaning to the word or phrase underlined.

The commissioner thought that the proposal would fall through.

Answer Details

The word or phrase underlined is "fall through." The term "fall through" generally means that a plan, proposal, or project does not happen or fails to be completed as intended. It often refers to something that was expected to happen but did not.

To find the opposite meaning, we need a word that describes a proposal being successful or completed as planned.

Let's review the options given:

• Succeed: This means to achieve something as planned or to accomplish a goal successfully.
• Be discarded: This means to throw away or reject something, which shares a negative aspect, similar to "fall through."
• Be written off: This means to consider something as a failure or lost cause, which also shares similarity with "fall through."
• Fail: This is a synonym for "fall through," indicating lack of success.

The correct opposite of "fall through" is "succeed," as it implies the proposal is achieved or completed successfully, opposite the meaning of failing or not happening.

The passage below has gap(s), following each gap is four options. For each gap, choose the most appropriate option. 

Teaching is a noble profession. Only those who have the calling to __6__ [A. impact B. impart C. infer D. confer] knowledge is called great teachers. 

The teachers' duty goes beyond the four walls of a classroom. They teach students various topics and __7__ [A. formula B. courses C. classes D. subjects]. The teacher listens to their students express their worries and fears, yet the teacher has to pacify and __8__ [A. care B. guide C. beat D. guard] them through the right paths. 

As a __9__ [A. stakeholder B. shareholder C. officeholder D. cardholder] in the field of education, the teacher ensures that teaching-learning __10__ [A. habit B. function C. process D. policy] takes place in and out of the classroom. The teacher lights the candle for the others to see. He/ she is fast enough to move at the speed of the __11__ [A. guiness B. genius C. heinous D. spacious] and patient enough for the slow-learner to catch up. 

In his care are the __12__ [A. book B. diary C. register D. attendance], the mark book and every other document which must be duly filled. While at home, the teacher still plans his lesson and prepares his teaching __13__ [A. books B. steps C. maps D. aids], all for the purpose of effective teaching-learning process. 

Teachers should not be brushed aside in the society as teaching is the profession that __14__ [A. birthed B. delivered C. approached D. positioned] other professions. Teachers should be given a great __15__ [A. attention B. honour C. privilege D. care] in the society. 

Fill the gap labelled 6

Answer Details

The correct word to fill gap 6 is impart. Let's break down why this is the most appropriate choice:

In this context, we are discussing what teachers do with knowledge. The word "impart" means to communicate, pass on, or give knowledge to others. Teachers are responsible for giving knowledge to their students, which aligns perfectly with the idea of teaching as a process of **imparting** wisdom, skills, and information.

Now, let's quickly look at why the other options might not fit as well:

• Impact: This deals more with having a strong effect on someone or something, rather than the act of giving or transferring knowledge.
• Infer: This means to deduce or conclude information from evidence and reasoning rather than from explicit statements. It is more about receiving and processing information, not the act of teaching.
• Confer: This involves granting something such as a degree, title, or right, or consulting with others. It's not directly related to the act of transferring knowledge in this teaching context.

Therefore, given the context of the sentence, the best word choice is impart, as it aligns with the idea of teachers sharing and transferring knowledge to their students.

Choose the option that has the same vowel sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined. 

Mother

Answer Details

The word "mother" has the vowel sound represented by the letter "o." This sound is the /ʌ/ sound, which is a short, mid-central, and unrounded vowel. In the context of American English and many dialects of British English, this sound can be found in other words as well. Let's break this down:

1. Verb: The word "verb" does not have the /ʌ/ sound. It has a vowel sound similar to /ɜː/ or /ɜr/ in some dialects. Hence, it does not match the sound in "mother."

2. Mercy: The vowel sound in "mercy" is typically pronounced as /ɜː/ or /ɜr/, which differs from the /ʌ/ sound in "mother."

3. About: "About" contains the /ə/ sound, especially in the first syllable, which is closer to a schwa sound. The vowel sounds in "about" do not match the /ʌ/ sound in "mother."

4. Jump: In "jump," the vowel sound is the same /ʌ/ sound as in "mother." It is the same short, mid-central, unrounded vowel.

Therefore, the word "jump" shares the same vowel sound with "mother."

Choose the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentences.

Moses won the contest hands down. 

Answer Details

The phrase "won the contest hands down" is an idiomatic expression. In this context, it means that Moses won the contest very easily and with little effort. The term "hands down" originates from horse racing, where a jockey could win so comfortably that they did not need to keep a tight grip on the reins, hence, hands down. Therefore, it implies a victory that is decisive and without any struggle.

In each of the following questions, choose the option that has the same consonant sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined. 

Gap

Answer Details

Choose the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.

It is not in my place to keep late, no matter what happens. 

Answer Details

The sentence "It is not in my place to keep late, no matter what happens" conveys the idea of a personal principle or belief regarding punctuality or staying late. It suggests that the speaker has a strong stance against staying late regardless of the circumstances. The best explanation is that the speaker has a self-imposed rule or personal boundary that dictates punctuality or avoiding staying late. This emphasizes a commitment to being on time or leaving at an appropriate time.

The most appropriate option would be: I am not used to keeping late, which indicates a habitual or personal principle that they adhere to. This aligns with the sentiment expressed in the sentence about not keeping late "no matter what happens," emphasizing a strong personal conviction.

The word in capital letters has the emphatic stress. Choose the options to which the given sentence relates. 

My only SON speaks like an orator.

Answer Details

In the sentence "My only SON speaks like an orator.", the word SON is emphasized. This means that the distinction is being drawn in reference to the person speaking who is the son.

To identify the correct option related to this emphatic stress, we need to consider a question where the subject, which in this case is SON, is being queried or challenged.

Here's how you can assess the options:

• In the option "Does my only son speak like an illiterate?", the question directly challenges the person's ability to speak like an orator, not who is speaking. This tests the capability, not the subject.


• In the option "Does my only daughter speak like an orator?", this directly contradicts the subject by replacing SON with DAUGHTER. Thus, it relates directly to the emphatic stress on SON.


• In the option "Does my only son read like an orator?", here the emphasis is on the action (speaks or reads) rather than the subject (who is doing the action).


• In the option "Does your only son speak like an orator?", the question challenges ownership (my versus your), not the subject being a son.

The sentence that relates correctly to the given sentence's emphatic stress on SON is: "Does my only daughter speak like an orator?" This directly challenges and tests the emphasis placed on SON by suggesting an alternative subject, that is the daughter.

Read the passage below and answer each questions that follow:

Weathering, which is the gradual breaking down or disintegration of rocks into smaller particles or fragments by either physical or chemical process, can be affected by many factors. Generally speaking, the climatic condition of a particular area has a great effect on the weathering. Physical or mechanical weathering needs temperature and water. 

Chemical weathering, on the other hand, thrives where the climate is hot. We were all taught all these in the four walls of the classroom. I made a visit to my village to see these scientific discoveries. I noticed big trees with their roots penetrating into rocks and breaking them. I initially wondered and puzzled seeing trees growing from the rock. 

A similar thing happened to the soil sampling surrounding where there were rocks. I could see the rock particles mixing up with the rest of the soil. 

A suitable title for the passage above is 

Answer Details

The most suitable title for the passage is "Weathering."

Explanation:

The passage primarily discusses the concept of weathering, which is the process by which rocks gradually break down into smaller particles due to physical or chemical processes. It highlights the influence of climatic conditions on weathering processes, distinguishing between **physical weathering**, which involves temperature and water, and **chemical weathering**, which occurs in hot climates.

The author also describes observational experiences of weathering, such as tree roots penetrating rocks and the mixing of rock particles with soil. The overall theme revolves around the process, factors, and examples of weathering, making it the central focus of the passage.

The passage below has gaps. Immediately after each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate option for each gap. 

In modern mining, there is a network of __6__ [A. way B. tunnels C. paths D. avenues] and passages, with openings and walls which in the dim light seem very bewildering. Right across the wall at the end of the inky black passage, the __7__ [A. miners B. toilers C. workers D. foreman] approach. The coal __8__ [A. front B. slope C. obstacle D. face] is neatly cut __9__ [A. slit B. gash C. bare D. aperture]. It extends level to a height of rather less than three feet. The rays of the miner's lamp shine on steel roof __10__ [A. beams B. supports C. spurs D. stays]. Thousands of feet of rock and earth are pressing down on those steel plates and __11__ [A. props B. wedges C. poles D. stakes], and the miners have to crawl through the small, deep opening in the wall to get to the coal in the mine that we are considering, the __12__ [A. gash B. hole C. seam D. opening] is nearly four feet thick and is being worked by a combination of __13__ [A. digging B. manpower C. machinery D. spade] and explosives. A mechanical __14__ [A. slit B. gash C. knife D. mesh] saws into the coal to a depth of four or five feet, thus separating it from its base. Explosives pushed into holes drilled at intervals in the coal are __15__ [A. fused B. extinguished C. detonated D. stuck] by remote control and blow the separated section of the coal to pieces. 

What option best fills the gap labelled 10

Answer Details

To determine the most appropriate option for the gap labeled 10, we need to consider the role and characteristics of what is being described in the passage.

The passage describes something that shines in the light of the miner's lamp and is responsible for holding up thousands of feet of rock and earth, providing structural support within the mining environment. This description indicates that the structures in question are essential for maintaining the stability of the mining tunnels.

Let's examine the meaning of each option:

• Beams: Beams are long, sturdy pieces made of materials like steel or wood that are used to support weight and maintain structural integrity in a building, tunnel, or other construction. This term fits well, as beams are commonly used in mining to support the roof and prevent the collapse of tunnels.


• Supports: This term is more general and can refer to any structure that provides support. However, it is less specific than the other options available.


• Spurs: Spurs generally refer to projections or appendages, but not typically as structural elements in mining to support loads from above.


• Stays: Stays are types of braces or ties that hold things in position, but they are not typically the primary structural support like beams would be.

Given the context and the role of providing strong, essential support to hold the rock and earth pressing down, the most appropriate option is "beams".

Choose the option that is nearest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined. 

Most celebrities usually have a tinge of dishonour in their life. 

Answer Details

The word "tinge" in the phrase refers to a **slight or small amount of something**. Therefore, the option that is nearest in meaning to "tinge" is **tint**. A "tint" can also mean a small amount of color, just as a "tinge" can refer to a small amount of influence or quality.

Let me break it down further for you:

• **Tint**: Refers to a slight color or a small degree of a particular quality.
• **Tray**: This is a flat object used for carrying items, which doesn?t relate to "tinge."
• **Tract**: This generally refers to an area of land or a large piece of written work, which doesn?t fit the meaning of "tinge."
• **Mold**: This can refer to a fungus or a form/shaping element, which also doesn?t match the concept of "tinge" in this context.

Thus, out of all the options, the word that is synonymous in meaning to "tinge" is **tint**. Both suggest a small or slight amount of something.

The following question is based on Khadija Abububakar Jalili's The Life Changer.

The quiet one in the text is 

Answer Details

Talle is the character who earned the nickname "the quiet one" because of his introverted nature. We can find this on page 21 of the novel where he was described as a quiet person who never engaged in a fight with anyone. 

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase underlined. 

Before going to bed, make sure you extinguish all the lights. 

Answer Details

The word "extinguish" typically refers to the act of putting out something like a fire, or in this case, turning off lights. When we search for the opposite meaning, we are looking for a word or phrase that conveys the idea of activating or starting something.

Analyzing the options provided:

1. "Turn off" means to deactivate or stop something from functioning. This does not represent the opposite of extinguishing, as they both suggest a stopping action.

2. "Turn out" is more commonly used for lights meaning to extinguish or turn off, similar to "extinguish."

3. "Switch on" refers to activating or starting something, like turning on a light. This is the opposite of "extinguish."

4. "Switch off" is similar in meaning to "extinguish," as it suggests stopping or deactivating lights or electrical devices.

Thus, the option that is opposite in meaning to "extinguish" is "switch on", as it involves starting or turning on something instead of stopping it.

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined. 

The attempt by the robbers to break into the bank was futile. 

Answer Details

The word futile means something that is incapable of producing any useful result, or something that is pointless. It refers to efforts that do not succeed or are not effective. In this context, the robbers' attempt to break into the bank did not result in any gain or success for them. Therefore, the word that is nearest in meaning to "futile" in this case is fruitless, because it also indicates efforts that have no results or benefits.

In each of the following questions, select the option that best completes the gap. 

He went ____ the corridor, looking for the principal's office. 

Answer Details

To determine the best option to complete the sentence, we need to consider the direction and context provided by the sentence. The sentence is describing the action of "going" in relation to the "corridor". Let's analyze each option:

• Under: This option implies moving beneath something. "Under the corridor" would suggest moving below the corridor, which doesn't make sense in this context.
• Among: This option suggests being in the midst of or surrounded by something. "Among the corridor" is not logical because a corridor typically doesn't have multiple objects to be surrounded by; it's a passageway.
• Along: This implies movement in the same line or direction as an object. "Along the corridor" makes sense because it suggests moving in the direction of the corridor towards the principal's office.
• Around: This signifies movement in a circular or surrounding manner. "Around the corridor" would suggest moving around the corridor's perimeter, not through it, which is not the intended direction in this context.

In conclusion, the best option is "along" because it accurately describes moving in the same direction as the corridor while looking for the principal's office.

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined.

His persistently poor performance is already driving his parents round the bend.

Answer Details

The phrase "driving someone round the bend" is an idiomatic expression that means to cause frustration or distress. While "mad" (option B) might seem like a close option, "causing his parents some problems" is the most accurate choice in this context, as it suggests that the poor performance is creating difficulty for the parents.

The passage below has gap(s), following each gap is four options. For each gap, choose the most appropriate option. 

Teaching is a noble profession. Only those who have the calling to __6__ [A. impact B. impart C. infer D. confer] knowledge is called great teachers. 

The teachers' duty goes beyond the four walls of a classroom. They teach students various topics and __7__ [A. formula B. courses C. classes D. subjects]. The teacher listens to their students express their worries and fears, yet the teacher has to pacify and __8__ [A. care B. guide C. beat D. guard] them through the right paths. 

As a __9__ [A. stakeholder B. shareholder C. officeholder D. cardholder] in the field of education, the teacher ensures that teaching-learning __10__ [A. habit B. function C. process D. policy] takes place in and out of the classroom. The teacher lights the candle for the others to see. He/ she is fast enough to move at the speed of the __11__ [A. guiness B. genius C. heinous D. spacious] and patient enough for the slow-learner to catch up. 

In his care are the __12__ [A. book B. diary C. register D. attendance], the mark book and every other document which must be duly filled. While at home, the teacher still plans his lesson and prepares his teaching __13__ [A. books B. steps C. maps D. aids], all for the purpose of effective teaching-learning process. 

Teachers should not be brushed aside in the society as teaching is the profession that __14__ [A. birthed B. delivered C. approached D. positioned] other professions. Teachers should be given a great __15__ [A. attention B. honour C. privilege D. care] in the society. 

Fill the gap labelled 12

Answer Details

Teachers manage the "register," which is a record of attendance.

Choose the option that best completes the sentence.

Sally assisted me in buying my _____ yesterday. 

Answer Details

The phrase that best completes the sentence is "very first party dress". Here’s why:

When constructing a sentence, it is essential to follow the correct order of adjectives. English has a typical order for adjectives when more than one is used for a noun. The order goes as follows: opinion, size, age, shape, color, origin, material, and purpose.

In this case, the adjective "first" refers to the order or sequence (a kind of number), while "very" is an adverb modifying "first," and "party" indicates the purpose of the dress. Therefore, "very first" precedes "party dress" to correctly describe the item being purchased.

Thus, the correct phrase is "very first party dress", describing the specific dress which Sally helped you buy.

Choose the option that has the same consonant sounds as represented by the underlined letter(s)

archbishop

Answer Details

Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence. 

He played his wife false by inviting his mistress to the house as his cousin. 

Answer Details

To comprehend the meaning of the sentence "He played his wife false by inviting his mistress to the house as his cousin," it's essential to break down the phrase:

The key expression here is "played his wife false." The phrase "played false" commonly means to be deceitful or unfaithful. In this context, it indicates an act of betrayal or cheating on one's spouse.

Now, linking this with the rest of the sentence, where he invited someone under false pretense as his cousin, suggests that he was trying to disguise or hide the true identity of this person from his wife. The term "mistress" typically refers to a woman with whom a married man has a romantic or sexual relationship outside his marriage.

Therefore, the sentence implies that the man was being unfaithful — he was cheating on his wife by inviting his mistress into their home, pretending that she was his cousin to cover up this infidelity. So, the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence is: He cheated on his wife with his mistress.

Read the passage carefully and answer the question that follows

One of the basic language skills is reading. In any literate society, reading is a very essential aspect of effective communication in daily activities. Reading has been many things to many people. To some people, it is like looking at printed words while most students see it as a tedious task that has to be performed in order to pass a particular examination. Reading, like any other term, has been described in different ways, such as "Reading as an intellectual activity directed towards the extraction of information from a written piece". One of the causes of mass failure in various examinations among candidates is their inability to imbibe a good reading culture. With poor reading habits, learners cannot comprehend the emphasised hence adequate textbooks should be provided for students.

(Adapted from Ayo Banjo et al (2020) New Oxford Secondary English Course for Senior Secondary School. Ibadan: Oxford University)

It is implied in the passage that

Answer Details

The passage emphasises the importance of a good reading culture and its connection to effective comprehension. This implies that students who develop the habit of reading are more likely to grasp the writer's intentions and understand the text better.

Choose the option that best completes the sentence.

When they started the fighting, the man who tried to ____ was knocked down. 

Answer Details

To determine the best word to complete the sentence, we need to understand the meaning of each option and how it fits within the context of the sentence. The sentence is: "When they started the fighting, the man who tried to ____ was knocked down."

Intrude: This means to enter a place or situation where one is unwelcome or uninvited. It does not specifically relate to stopping a fight.

Interpose: This means to place or insert between one thing and another, which can imply a physical act of stepping between people. However, it can also simply mean to insert a comment or interrupt verbally.

Intervene: This means to come between disputing people or groups with the intention of stopping conflict. It is commonly used when someone steps in to stop a fight.

Obstruct: This means to block or hinder progress. It does not specifically involve stopping a fight between people but rather impeding movement or progress.

In the context of the sentence, the most appropriate word is "intervene". The sentence implies that the man attempted to stop the fight or dispute that started. Using "intervene" makes the sentence logical because the man is trying to stop the fighting and as a result, he was knocked down. "Intervene" is the word that best describes the action of stepping into a conflict to stop it.

The passage below has gaps. Immediately after each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate option for each gap. 

In modern mining, there is a network of __6__ [A. way B. tunnels C. paths D. avenues] and passages, with openings and walls which in the dim light seem very bewildering. Right across the wall at the end of the inky black passage, the __7__ [A. miners B. toilers C. workers D. foreman] approach. The coal __8__ [A. front B. slope C. obstacle D. face] is neatly cut __9__ [A. slit B. gash C. bare D. aperture]. It extends level to a height of rather less than three feet. The rays of the miner's lamp shine on steel roof __10__ [A. beams B. supports C. spurs D. stays]. Thousands of feet of rock and earth are pressing down on those steel plates and __11__ [A. props B. wedges C. poles D. stakes], and the miners have to crawl through the small, deep opening in the wall to get to the coal in the mine that we are considering, the __12__ [A. gash B. hole C. seam D. opening] is nearly four feet thick and is being worked by a combination of __13__ [A. digging B. manpower C. machinery D. spade] and explosives. A mechanical __14__ [A. slit B. gash C. knife D. mesh] saws into the coal to a depth of four or five feet, thus separating it from its base. Explosives pushed into holes drilled at intervals in the coal are __15__ [A. fused B. extinguished C. detonated D. stuck] by remote control and blow the separated section of the coal to pieces. 

hat option best fills the gap labelled 12

Answer Details

A "hole" is what the miners crawl through to get to the coal.

Choose the option that rhymes with the given word

hurt

Answer Details

To find a word that rhymes with "hurt," we need to look for a word with a similar ending sound. The word "hurt" ends with the sound "urt."

Let's analyze the given options:

• hot: Ends with the sound "ot," so it does not rhyme with "hurt."
• cough: Ends with the sound "off," which does not rhyme with "hurt."
• coil: Ends with the sound "oil," which does not rhyme with "hurt."
• shirt: Ends with the sound "irt," which is very similar to "urt."

Therefore, the word "shirt" rhymes with "hurt" because they both end with a similar sound. The main requirement for words to rhyme is that their ending phonetic sounds match or are very similar.

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined. 

Accountants are discreet with their records. 

Answer Details

The word "discreet" refers to being careful and prudent in one's speech or actions, especially to avoid causing offense or to gain an advantage. In this context, when we say "Accountants are discreet with their records," it means that they handle their records in a way that is careful and deliberate, ensuring confidentiality and accuracy.

Let's consider the options:

• Rash: This means acting without careful consideration of the possible consequences. It is the opposite of being discreet.
• Strategic: This involves planning and using tactics to achieve a specific goal. While it involves careful planning, it doesn't specifically focus on being careful or prudent with information.
• Wise: This implies having knowledge and good judgment. While related, it doesn't directly capture the element of carefulness or tact in handling information.
• Cautious: This means being careful to avoid potential problems or dangers. It matches the concept of being discreet as it relates to handling records carefully and prudently.

Therefore, the option nearest in meaning to "discreet" in this context is cautious.

Choose the option that best completes the sentence.

Why do children _____ adults' conversations?

Answer Details

In the sentence "Why do children _____ adults' conversations?", the most suitable verb is "break into". This is because "to break into" is a phrasal verb that means to enter or join a situation suddenly or unexpectedly. In the context of conversations, it refers to a sudden or unsolicited interruption.

Let's briefly examine the other options:

Break up: This usually means to end or separate (commonly used with relationships or groups), and it does not fit well with the sentence.

Break down: This typically refers to something failing or ceasing to function (like a machine or discussing emotions), which does not make sense in the given context.

Break off: This often means to end or pause something abruptly, like a conversation. However, it implies a deliberate action to stop rather than interrupt.

Therefore, "break into" is the most appropriate completion because it accurately describes the action of a child interrupting or joining an ongoing conversation suddenly.

Choose the option that is nearest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined.

A vulture was hovering over the dead goat. 

Answer Details

The term "hovering over" typically means to remain in the air in one place or move slightly above or around something. A vulture hovering over a dead goat suggests that it is staying airborne near the carcass, observing it intently, probably before descending to feed. This does not involve moving erratically or jumping; neither does it imply physically standing on the goat at this moment.

Therefore, the option closest in meaning to "hovering over" in this context is "flying around," as it captures the idea of the bird maintaining a position in the air above the goat.

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.

The honeybee includes a group of insects that in a broad sense comprises all bees that make honey. They are social insects and live together in hives. The honeybee is remarkable for the dancing movement it performs in the hive to communicate information to its fellow bees about the location, distance, size, and quality of a particular food source in the surrounding area. There are two honeybee sexes, male and female, and two female castes. The two female castes are known as workers and queens. The males, or drones, are larger than the workers and are present only for about eight weeks, in early summer. The workers and queen have stingers, whereas the drones are stingless. The queens' unfertilised eggs develop into drones, whereas fertilised eggs develop into females, which may be either workers or virgin queens. Eggs destined to become queens are deposited in queen cells. After hatching, the virgin queens are fed royal jelly. When not fed a diet consisting solely of royal jelly, virgin queens will develop into workers. 

Adapted from Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopedia (2020, March 24), honeybee. Encyclopedia Britannica.

Which of the honeybees does not live long?

Answer Details

The drones are the honeybees that do not live long. Drone bees are male bees whose primary role is to mate with a queen bee. They do not participate in foraging for food or taking care of the hive. Once they have completed their mating role, they typically die shortly thereafter because mating is a fatal act for them.

In addition, if drones have not mated by the end of the mating season, they are often expelled from the hive by the worker bees. This is primarily because drones do not contribute to the hive's upkeep, and during times when resources are scarce, it is not beneficial for the colony to support them. Therefore, drones generally have a shorter lifespan compared to the queen and worker bees in the hive.

Read the passage below and answer each questions that follow:

Weathering, which is the gradual breaking down or disintegration of rocks into smaller particles or fragments by either physical or chemical process, can be affected by many factors. Generally speaking, the climatic condition of a particular area has a great effect on the weathering. Physical or mechanical weathering needs temperature and water. 

Chemical weathering, on the other hand, thrives where the climate is hot. We were all taught all these in the four walls of the classroom. I made a visit to my village to see these scientific discoveries. I noticed big trees with their roots penetrating into rocks and breaking them. I initially wondered and puzzled seeing trees growing from the rock. 

A similar thing happened to the soil sampling surrounding where there were rocks. I could see the rock particles mixing up with the rest of the soil. 

From the passage, it can be inferred that

Answer Details

The passage suggests that climate plays a crucial role in determining the type of weathering that occurs. This is inferred from the statement which mentions that climatic conditions greatly affect weathering.

The passage describes two types of weathering: physical or mechanical weathering, which requires temperature and water, and chemical weathering, which thrives in hot climates. Therefore, the relationship between climate and weathering is quite evident.

Physical weathering occurs when the temperature and water cause rocks to break into smaller pieces. This typically happens in climates with fluctuating temperatures where water can freeze and thaw, causing rocks to crack. On the other hand, chemical weathering is more effective in hot climates, where chemical reactions are accelerated, leading to the breakdown of rocks.

Hence, we can conclude that climate determines the type of weathering. It directly refutes any notion that weathering occurs only in cool temperatures or only in hot temperatures, as it provides examples of both types of weathering being influenced by climate conditions.

Choose the option that has the same consonant sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined.

Yesterday

Answer Details

To find the option with the same consonant sound as the one underlined in "Yesterday," we first need to identify the specific consonant sound in question. The word "Yesterday" begins with the letter 'Y'. In "Yesterday," the 'Y' represents a consonant sound similar to the first sound in the word "yes." This sound is called a voiced palatal approximant and is represented by the phonetic symbol /j/ in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).

Let's examine each given option:

1. Jam: The word "Jam" begins with the consonant sound /d?/, which is different from the /j/ sound we find at the beginning of "Yesterday."

2. Union: The word "Union" begins with the consonant sound /j/, which is the same as the sound at the start of "Yesterday." It is also the voiced palatal approximant.

3. Jump: The word "Jump" begins with the consonant sound /d?/, differing from the /j/ sound in "Yesterday."

4. Umbrella: The word "Umbrella" begins with the vowel sound /?/ or /?/ depending on the accent, and it does not have a 'Y' consonantal sound at the beginning.

In conclusion, the option that has the same consonant sound as the beginning of the word "Yesterday" is Union because it correctly starts with the /j/ sound, which is the voiced palatal approximant sound represented by the letter 'Y' in "Yesterday."

The passage below has gaps. Immediately after each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate option for each gap. 

In modern mining, there is a network of __6__ [A. way B. tunnels C. paths D. avenues] and passages, with openings and walls which in the dim light seem very bewildering. Right across the wall at the end of the inky black passage, the __7__ [A. miners B. toilers C. workers D. foreman] approach. The coal __8__ [A. front B. slope C. obstacle D. face] is neatly cut __9__ [A. slit B. gash C. bare D. aperture]. It extends level to a height of rather less than three feet. The rays of the miner's lamp shine on steel roof __10__ [A. beams B. supports C. spurs D. stays]. Thousands of feet of rock and earth are pressing down on those steel plates and __11__ [A. props B. wedges C. poles D. stakes], and the miners have to crawl through the small, deep opening in the wall to get to the coal in the mine that we are considering, the __12__ [A. gash B. hole C. seam D. opening] is nearly four feet thick and is being worked by a combination of __13__ [A. digging B. manpower C. machinery D. spade] and explosives. A mechanical __14__ [A. slit B. gash C. knife D. mesh] saws into the coal to a depth of four or five feet, thus separating it from its base. Explosives pushed into holes drilled at intervals in the coal are __15__ [A. fused B. extinguished C. detonated D. stuck] by remote control and blow the separated section of the coal to pieces. 

What option best fills the gap labelled 9

Answer Details

"Bare" describes the exposed or uncovered coal surface. Other options do not fit the description appropriately.

In each of the following questions, choose the option that has the same consonant sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined. 

Public

Answer Details

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase underlined. 

Ebere's indolence contrasts with her sister's. 

Answer Details

The word indolence means a tendency to avoid activity or exertion; essentially, it refers to being lazy or avoiding work. To find the word that is opposite in meaning, we need to look for a term that conveys the idea of someone being hardworking or active.

Let's go through the options:

Indulgence means allowing oneself or another to enjoy something, which doesn't directly relate to being lazy or hardworking.

Laziness is actually similar in meaning to indolence, as it also refers to the avoidance of work or being idle.

Diligence means careful and persistent work or effort. This is the opposite of indolence because it implies being active, hardworking, and industrious. Therefore, diligence is the correct opposite of indolence.

Prudence involves being careful and sensible in one's actions, especially in willful consideration of the future. While it involves thoughtful behavior, it doesn't directly relate to laziness or being hardworking.

In summary, the word opposite in meaning to indolence is diligence, as it represents being hardworking and dedicated to tasks.

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase underlined.

A prosperous lawyer is definitely hardworking.

Answer Details

The word prosperous means being successful, especially in terms of wealth or finances. When someone is referred to as a prosperous lawyer, it indicates that they are financially successful and probably earns a substantial income from their legal practice.

To find a word with the opposite meaning, look for a term that indicates a lack of financial success or wealth. Here's an analysis of the options:

• Affluent: This means wealthy or having a great deal of money. It is a synonym rather than an antonym.
• Poor: This means lacking sufficient money to live at a standard considered comfortable or normal in a society. It indicates financial difficulty, which is the direct opposite of prosperous.
• Stagnant: This means showing no activity or change, especially regarding economic growth. Though it may suggest inactivity, it does not specifically mean lacking wealth.
• Luxurious: This means characterized by luxury or given to a life of luxury. It implies a high standard of living, similar to prosperity.

Based on the meanings, the option that is directly opposite to prosperous is poor, because while prosperous indicates wealth and success, poor indicates a lack of financial resources.

The word in capital letters has the emphatic stress. Choose the option to which the given stress relates. 

My mother is expected to be back by this time TOMORROW. 

Answer Details

In the given statement, the word with the emphatic stress is "TOMORROW". This means that the emphasis is on the time when the mother is expected to be back.

To test the emphatic stress, we usually form a question that targets the emphasized word, expecting an answer that confirms or clarifies it. The question should be structured in such a way that the response can be a confirmation of the emphasis.

Let's analyze the options provided:

• : "Who is expected back by this time tomorrow?" - This question emphasizes "who" is expected back. It does not emphasize the time "tomorrow" and hence, doesn't confirm the emphasis.
• : "Is my mother expected back by this time next month?" - This question contrasts "tomorrow" with "next month", allowing the answer to emphasize "TOMORROW" as a confirmation. It directly addresses the time aspect, making it the correct choice to which the emphatic stress on "TOMORROW" relates.
• : "Is my mother assumed back by this time tomorrow?" - This question contrasts "expected" with "assumed", focusing on the nature of the expectation and not on the time. Hence, it doesn't relate to the emphatic stress.
• : "Is my mother expected gone by this time tomorrow?" - This question contrasts "expected to be back" with "expected gone", again not addressing the timing of the return. Therefore, it doesn't relate to the emphatic stress.

Thus, the answer is that the emphatic stress on "TOMORROW" is related to as it focuses on the timing of the event, which is the key aspect being emphasized in the original statement.

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase underlined. 

Where is the wealth the rich man accumulated in his lifetime?

Answer Details

The word or phrase underlined in the sentence is **"accumulated"**. The meaning of **"accumulated"** is to **"gather"**, **"collect"**, or **"amass"** something over time. It denotes the act of gradually acquiring more and more of something.

To find the opposite of this term, we need a word that signifies the act of **gradually losing** or **wasting something rather than gathering** it.

Now, let?s look at the options provided:

• Gather: This word is similar in meaning to "accumulated" because both involve bringing things together.
• Amass: Like "gather," this also means to collect or accumulate more items or wealth over time.
• Piled up: This is again a synonym, meaning to accumulate something into a pile or collection.
• Squandered: This means to **waste resources or wealth recklessly**. It is the act of spending or using something carelessly or extravagantly.

The option that is opposite in meaning to "accumulated" is squandered. This is because while "accumulated" involves collecting and saving, **"squandered" implies losing and wasting.**

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined. 

She went to the court to seek redress for the wrong done to her. 

Answer Details

The word "redress" in the context given means seeking to set right a wrong or to obtain satisfaction for a grievance. It involves correcting or remedying something that was unfair or unjust. Let's look at each option:

• Returns: This refers to giving back or coming back. It does not relate to correcting a wrong or seeking justice.
• Appeal: This involves asking a higher authority to review or change a decision. It is related to legal processes but doesn't specifically mean correcting a wrong.
• Judgement: This refers to the decision reached by a court of law. It represents the end result of a legal process, but not necessarily the act of seeking correction itself.
• Compensation: This refers to something, typically money, awarded to someone in recognition of loss, suffering, or injury. This aligns closely with the idea of "redress" as it involves making amends for a wrong or loss.

The option nearest in meaning to "redress" is "Compensation" because both involve the idea of rectifying a wrong or providing a remedy to someone who has been wronged.

Choose the option that best completes the sentence.

My father loves bringing ___ old memories. 

Answer Details

The correct option to complete the sentence is "up". In the context of the sentence, "bringing up old memories" means mentioning or recalling memories that have happened in the past. The phrasal verb "bring up" is commonly used when you want to talk about starting to talk about a certain topic or subject.

The other options don't fit well in this context:

• "in" - "Bringing in" is typically used when you want to state that something is being brought to a place or included, but it doesn’t logically fit in the context of recollecting memories.
• "down" - "Bringing down" usually means to reduce or cause to fall, which is unrelated to recalling memories.
• "over" - "Bringing over" often refers to physically taking someone or something to a place, but not in the context of discussing or remembering memories.

Answer Details

The correct completion for the sentence is "Take your share and give them theirs."

Here is why:

• The word "theirs" is a possessive pronoun used to indicate ownership. It means something belongs to "them." In the sentence, "Take your share and give them theirs," it indicates that what you are giving them is their share or portion.
• "Their's" is not a standard form in English. The correct possessive form is "theirs."
• "There" is an adverb that indicates location or existence, such as in "over there" or "there are many flowers." It does not fit the context of ownership in the sentence.
• "There's" is a contraction of "there is" or "there has." It does not make sense in this context where we are talking about possession.

Therefore, the appropriate word to use for indicating possession in the sentence is "theirs."

The passage below has gaps. Following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate option for each gap.

One way in which we come to see monolingual standard languages as the norm and __6__ [A. deviations B. aberrations C. criticisms D. deviants] from the imagined monolingual standard language as aberrant, and remember each individual __7__ [A. repertoire B. word C. idea D. statement] is a deviation but repertoires characterised by greater deviation as problematic is through the close association between language and place. You would have seen maps that map languages into territory. You probably can __8__ [A. write B. set C. conjure D. let] in your mind a map of the Americas where almost all of North America is __9__ [A. known B.  coded C. accepted D. conceded] for English except for a bit of French in East Canada, more than half of Central and South America would be coded for Spanish, the other big chunk (Brazil) for Portuguese, and three tiny __10__ [A. havens B. colonies C. isles D. pockets] of English, Dutch and French where the states of Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana are located in addition to maps based on the __11__ [A. national B. common C. local D regional] language of a state, you would be able to find more fine-grained maps that map traditional minority languages into a particular territory. Language maps do not only inform us about global language distributions; they also fulfil a __12__ [A. interactive B. discursive C. intuitive D. reclusive] function, they establish a __13__ [A. plan B. wedge C. bridge D. link] between language and territory as a central and normal way to think about language use. The territorial __14__ [A. principle B. concept C. perception D. technique] is foundational to most thinking about linguistic justice because it __15__ [A. undergirds B. undermines C. underestimate D. underserved] linguistic legislation.

(Source: Ingrid Piler, 2016 p. 33, Linguistic Diversity and Social Justice. Oxford, Oxford University Press)

Select the option that best fills the gap labelled 13

Answer Details

To select the best option for the gap labeled 13, it is important to understand the context of the passage. The sentence discusses how language maps influence the way we associate language with territory. They establish a certain connection or relationship between the two.

The word "link" is appropriate here because it denotes a connection or relationship, which aligns well with the idea of associating language with specific territories. A "link" in this context serves to connect the concept of language to geographical areas, which is central to understanding language distribution and usage.

On the other hand:

• Plan suggests a strategy or method, which does not fit the context of establishing a relationship.
• Wedge implies something that divides or separates, rather than connects, which is opposite of the intended meaning.
• Bridge could have been correct as it also suggests connecting, but it often involves overcoming a gap or barrier, which is not the nuance required here.

Thus, the most suitable option is "link" as it effectively conveys the act of connecting language with territory. This connection is fundamental to the way we conceptualize language distribution.

Choose the option that has the same consonant sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined.

river

Answer Details

Read the passage carefully and answer the question that follows

One of the basic language skills is reading. In any literate society, reading is a very essential aspect of effective communication in daily activities. Reading has been many things to many people. To some people, it is like looking at printed words while most students see it as a tedious task that has to be performed in order to pass a particular examination. Reading, like any other term, has been described in different ways, such as "Reading as an intellectual activity directed towards the extraction of information from a written piece". One of the causes of mass failure in various examinations among candidates is their inability to imbibe a good reading culture. With poor reading habits, learners cannot comprehend the emphasised hence adequate textbooks should be provided for students.

(Adapted from Ayo Banjo et al (2020) New Oxford Secondary English Course for Senior Secondary School. Ibadan: Oxford University)

From the passage, it is implied that 

Answer Details

The passage states, "most students see it as a tedious task that has to be performed in order to pass a particular examination." This implies that the majority of students perceive reading as a challenging activity.

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase underlined. 

He gave an indifferent look at his dismissal. 

Answer Details

The word underlined here is "indifferent." This word describes someone who shows a lack of interest, concern, or sympathy; they are neutral or unconcerned about the situation.

To find the option that is opposite in meaning, we need to look for a word that suggests actively showing concern or emotion. Let's evaluate each option:

a strong: This option refers to being powerful or forceful. It does not directly relate to the level of concern or interest.

a concerned: This option implies that someone cares about something and is involved or worried about it. This is the opposite of being indifferent because an indifferent person does not show interest or concern.

an uninterested: This is synonymous with being indifferent, as both mean showing a lack of interest.

an unresponsive: This implies not responding or reacting, which is related but not directly opposite to being indifferent.

Therefore, the option "a concerned" is the correct choice as it is the opposite of "indifferent," showing that the person has interest and is involved emotionally.

Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence. 

I am given a free hand to run this business.

Answer Details

The phrase "given a free hand" means being granted the autonomy or freedom to make decisions and manage something without interference. Hence, option A correctly explains the conveyed meaning.

Choose the option that best completes the sentence.

____ of his lateness, Okupe gained from the coaching. 

Answer Details

"In spite of" is used to show contrast with something (in this case, Okupe's lateness). The phrase means that despite being late, Okupe still benefited from the coaching.

Choose the option that has the same vowel sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined.

buoy

Answer Details

The word "buoy" contains the vowel sound represented by the letters "uoy," which creates a diphthong that sounds like "oi" or "oy." This specific sound can be heard in the word "boy" where the "oy" produces the same diphthong.

Therefore, the option that has the same vowel sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined in "buoy" is "boy," because both share the same "oi" diphthong sound.

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase underlined. 

Everyone thought the politician was invincible. 

Answer Details

To find the word with an opposite meaning (antonym) to the underlined word "invincible," we first need to understand its meaning. The word invincible means too powerful to be defeated or overcome.

1. The word invisible means something that cannot be seen. This is not related to power or the ability to be defeated, hence it's not opposite to "invincible."

2. The word unconquerable means impossible to defeat. This is a synonym, not an antonym, of "invincible."

3. The word vindictive means having a strong or unreasoning desire for revenge. This is unrelated to being unbeatable and thus is not the antonym of "invincible."

4. The word surmountable means able to be overcome or conquered. This is the direct opposite of "invincible," which means too powerful to be defeated.

Therefore, the word that is opposite in meaning to invincible is surmountable because it implies that something can be overcome or defeated.

The passage below has gaps. Immediately after each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate option for each gap. 

In modern mining, there is a network of __6__ [A. way B. tunnels C. paths D. avenues] and passages, with openings and walls which in the dim light seem very bewildering. Right across the wall at the end of the inky black passage, the __7__ [A. miners B. toilers C. workers D. foreman] approach. The coal __8__ [A. front B. slope C. obstacle D. face] is neatly cut __9__ [A. slit B. gash C. bare D. aperture]. It extends level to a height of rather less than three feet. The rays of the miner's lamp shine on steel roof __10__ [A. beams B. supports C. spurs D. stays]. Thousands of feet of rock and earth are pressing down on those steel plates and __11__ [A. props B. wedges C. poles D. stakes], and the miners have to crawl through the small, deep opening in the wall to get to the coal in the mine that we are considering, the __12__ [A. gash B. hole C. seam D. opening] is nearly four feet thick and is being worked by a combination of __13__ [A. digging B. manpower C. machinery D. spade] and explosives. A mechanical __14__ [A. slit B. gash C. knife D. mesh] saws into the coal to a depth of four or five feet, thus separating it from its base. Explosives pushed into holes drilled at intervals in the coal are __15__ [A. fused B. extinguished C. detonated D. stuck] by remote control and blow the separated section of the coal to pieces. 

What option best fills the gap labelled 7

Answer Details

The people working in the mines are specifically referred to as "miners," not "toilers" or "workers."

Choose the option that best completes the gap in the sentence. 

Are those girls friends of _____?

Answer Details

The correct choice to complete the sentence is "yours."

Here's the explanation:

• "your's" is incorrect because the apostrophe indicates possession, but in standard English, the word "yours" is already the possessive pronoun, so no apostrophe is needed.


• "your" is a possessive adjective used before a noun, for example, "your book." Since the sentence is asking about the pronoun referring to the owner of the friends, "your" is not appropriate.
• "yours'" is incorrect because it attempts to pluralize or possess a form that is already possessive. "Yours" is the correct possessive pronoun and does not need an apostrophe.
• "yours" is the correct answer. It is the possessive pronoun which indicates that something belongs to "you." In this context, it functions correctly to refer to the ownership of the friends being inquired about.

Therefore, the sentence should read: "Are those girls friends of yours?"

In each of the following questions, the word in capital letter has the emphatic stress. Choose the option to which the given words relate. 

His reign was noted for PEACE. 

Answer Details

When a word in a sentence is given emphatic stress, it signifies that the word is crucial to the meaning or emphasis of the sentence. In this case, the word in capital letters is "PEACE," implying that the emphasis is on what his reign was noted for. To determine the appropriate question form that relates to the emphasis, we look at options that focus on contrasting what his reign could be noted for.

The original statement is "His reign was noted for PEACE." Emphatic stress looks for an alternative or contrasting term to the emphasized word. Here, the emphasized word is "PEACE," so we need to check for an option that contrasts with "peace."

The option "Was his reign noted for wealth?" fits this requirement. By asking about a different characteristic, such as "wealth," it directly contrasts with the original statement's emphasis on "PEACE." Therefore, this question would have the emphatic stress on "peace" to highlight the contrast.

Hence, when the response is "His reign was noted for PEACE," the contrasting question would be "Was his reign noted for wealth?"

Choose the appropriate stress from the options. The stressed syllable is written in capital letters.

dedication 

Answer Details

In English, stress in a word refers to the syllable that is emphasized or spoken louder, longer, or at a higher pitch than the others. For the word "dedication," the correct stress is on the fourth syllable, which is: dediCAtion.

To comprehend why this is the case, let's break down the pronunciation: "ded-i-CA-tion". Here, the syllable "CA" is pronounced with greater emphasis compared to the other syllables "ded," "i," and "tion." This pattern of stress is common in English words with a similar suffix structure, where the emphasis often falls on the syllable before the suffix "-tion."

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined. 

He bequeathed his company to his last daughter. 

Answer Details

The word bequeathed means to leave something, usually in a will, to a person or beneficiary after someone's death. In this context, it implies that the owner has decided to transfer or hand over ownership of the company to his last daughter. Therefore, the option that is nearest in meaning to bequeathed is left.

In each of the following questions, choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase underlined. 

The trial of the former governor was stopped and the earlier judgement was declared null and void. 

Answer Details

The phrase underlined in the sentence "was declared null and void" means that something is considered to have no legal effect, value, or binding power. In other words, it is as if it never existed at all.

Let's consider the meanings of the options to find the one with the opposite meaning:

1. Invalid: Similar to null and void as it also means lacking legal force or not valid.

2. Nugatory: Means of no value or importance, essentially similar in essence to null and void.

3. Void: Directly matches with null, again indicating that something is of no legal force or effect.

4. Credible: Implies something or someone being trustworthy or likely to be believed, which is opposite to lacking value or effect.

Therefore, the word opposite in meaning to null and void is credible because credible implies having validity or trustworthiness, whereas null and void implies having no legal standing or validity.

In the following questions, choose the option that rhymes with the given word:

draughts

Answer Details

To find a word that rhymes with draughts, we need to identify a word that has a similar ending sound. The word draughts is pronounced /drɑːfts/ in British English, similar to "drafts" in American English.

Now, let's examine each option:

droughts: Pronounced /draʊts/, which has a different vowel sound compared to draughts.

drafts: Pronounced /drɑːfts/, which is the same as draughts in American English, and thus, they rhyme.

after: Pronounced /ˈæftə/, which sounds quite different and does not match the ending sound of draughts.

crafts: Pronounced /krɑːfts/, it has the same ending sound as draughts, making it another rhyming word.

Therefore, the options that rhyme with draughts are drafts and crafts, because they share the same ending sounds /ɑːfts/.

Choose the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.

Titi was the cynosure of all eyes at the party.

Answer Details

The expression "cynosure of all eyes" is often used to describe someone who attracts a lot of attention or is the center of attraction. In simple terms, when Titi is described as the "cynosure of all eyes at the party," it means that she was the primary focus of attention and everyone was looking at her.

The emphasis is on her being the center of attraction, and it does not necessarily imply anything about how she was dressed, whether she was ashamed, or if she wanted to leave the party. Therefore, the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence is that she was the centre of attraction at the party.

In each of the following questions, choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase underlined. 

The instructions given to him are vague.

Answer Details

The word vague means something that is not clearly expressed, or is uncertain and lacking in specificity. When something is vague, it is not precise or definite.
To find a word that is opposite in meaning, we look for terms that imply clarity or exactness. The word "clear" is the best opposite for "vague". "Clear" means something that is easy to perceive, understand, or recognize with no ambiguity. It indicates that there is no confusion or uncertainty, making it the direct opposite of vague.
On the other hand, the words "obscure" and "hazy" both suggest a lack of clarity similar to "vague," while "sure" indicates certainty in belief but does not necessarily relate to clarity of instruction. Therefore, "clear" is the correct choice.

Choose the option that best completes the sentence.

Everyone in class wanted the Literature teacher to ______ the point of view of the _______.

Answer Details

The correct option that best completes the sentence is: expatiate/playwright. Here's why:

1. **Expatiate:** This means to speak or write in detail about a particular topic. In the context of the sentence, the students wanted the Literature teacher to elaborate or explain the point of view more thoroughly. The correct spelling is "expatiate", not "expantiate," which is incorrect.

2. **Playwright:** This refers to a person who writes plays, and is the correct term in this context as it concerns literature. The word should not be confused with "playwriter" or "playwrite," both of which are incorrect. The suffix "wright" indicates a maker or builder, and "playwright" specifically refers to the creator of plays.

Thus, the sentence would read: Everyone in class wanted the Literature teacher to expatiate the point of view of the playwright.

On that fateful day, they had pursued everyone in the neighbouring villages. Later, they came to ours and pursued us to the mountains. Everyone ran for dear life. We knew what we were up against. They blocked the mountains for two months. We were stuck there, praying and fasting, asking our God to show us a way out. God heard our prayers. One day, we left around 12 midnight from the mountains. Without shoes and clothes, we just left. As we left the mountains that day and descended, we almost came in contact with the insurgents. We hid in the bush till they left around 2 o'clock. We started to walk to Cameroon. We travelled for two days across several labyrinths. We were in anguish. Our children's feet were swollen. Some of them bitten by snakes died because we were not able to carry them to hospital for treatment. 

The word anguish as used in the passage means

Answer Details

The word "anguish" as used in the passage refers to intense pain or suffering, both emotionally and physically. The context of the passage describes a harrowing experience where people are fleeing from danger, facing numerous hardships like swollen feet and snake bites, along with the emotional distress of being pursued and fearing for their lives. All these elements collectively point towards the feeling of intense pain and distress, making "pain" the most appropriate meaning of the word "anguish" in this passage.

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s)

The new national security committee ____ retired military personnel. 

Answer Details

The correct option to complete the sentence is: comprises.

Here's the explanation:

• The word "comprises" is used correctly when the subject of a sentence includes or consists of certain elements. The basic structure is: "A comprises B." In this case, "The new national security committee comprises retired military personnel."
• The word "comprised" is the past tense of "comprise," and it would indicate a past situation. Since there is no indication that the sentence is referring to the past, "comprises" is more appropriate.
• The option "comprises of" is incorrect because when you use "comprise," you do not follow it with "of." The phrase "comprises of" is not grammatically correct.
• The phrase "is comprising" is also incorrect because "comprise" is typically not used in a progressive tense. The verb "comprise" usually follows the pattern of present tense (comprises) or is used in simple past (comprised) without the auxiliary "is."

The passage below has gaps. Following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate option for each gap.

One way in which we come to see monolingual standard languages as the norm and __6__ [A. deviations B. aberrations C. criticisms D. deviants] from the imagined monolingual standard language as aberrant, and remember each individual __7__ [A. repertoire B. word C. idea D. statement] is a deviation but repertoires characterised by greater deviation as problematic is through the close association between language and place. You would have seen maps that map languages into territory. You probably can __8__ [A. write B. set C. conjure D. let] in your mind a map of the Americas where almost all of North America is __9__ [A. known B.  coded C. accepted D. conceded] for English except for a bit of French in East Canada, more than half of Central and South America would be coded for Spanish, the other big chunk (Brazil) for Portuguese, and three tiny __10__ [A. havens B. colonies C. isles D. pockets] of English, Dutch and French where the states of Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana are located in addition to maps based on the __11__ [A. national B. common C. local D regional] language of a state, you would be able to find more fine-grained maps that map traditional minority languages into a particular territory. Language maps do not only inform us about global language distributions; they also fulfil a __12__ [A. interactive B. discursive C. intuitive D. reclusive] function, they establish a __13__ [A. plan B. wedge C. bridge D. link] between language and territory as a central and normal way to think about language use. The territorial __14__ [A. principle B. concept C. perception D. technique] is foundational to most thinking about linguistic justice because it __15__ [A. undergirds B. undermines C. underestimate D. underserved] linguistic legislation.

(Source: Ingrid Piler, 2016 p. 33, Linguistic Diversity and Social Justice. Oxford, Oxford University Press)

Select the option that best fills the gap labelled 11

Answer Details

The gap labeled 11 needs an option that accurately describes the type of language normally associated with a state. In this context, the passage highlights how states are typically categorized on maps based on a predominant language. Thus, the most fitting choice would be "national". A national language refers to a language that is closely associated with a specific country or state. It often plays a role in government, administration, and cultural identity, thereby making it an apt choice to fill the gap.

Choose the option that best completes the sentence. 

The jury gave ____ verdict. 

Answer Details

The correct answer is "its".

Explanation:

The term "jury" is a collective noun, which represents a group acting as a single unit. When you refer to a collective noun in English, it is generally treated as singular, even though it may represent multiple people. Therefore, the pronoun "its" is used to refer to nouns that are singular and inanimate or to institutions and groups acting as a single entity.

On the other hand:

• "It's" is a contraction of "it is" or "it has," which would not be appropriate in this context.
• "His" and "her" are used for singular male and female pronouns, respectively, but do not apply here since the jury is not a person.

Thus, the correct choice to indicate that the jury gave their decision is "its".