WAEC SSCE - Physics - 1995

A radioactive nuclide of mass 6.09 has a half-life of 8 days. Calculate the time during which 5.25g of the nuclide would have decayed

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Which of the following cannot be explained by the molecular theory of matter?

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The molecular theory of matter explains how matter is made up of tiny particles called molecules, which are in constant motion. The behavior of matter can be explained by the motion and interaction of these molecules. Conduction is the transfer of heat energy from one molecule to another through direct contact. The molecular theory of matter can explain conduction as the result of the molecules vibrating and transferring kinetic energy to neighboring molecules through collisions. Radiation is the transfer of heat energy through electromagnetic waves. The molecular theory of matter cannot explain radiation because it does not involve the motion or interaction of molecules. Convection is the transfer of heat energy through the movement of fluids. The molecular theory of matter can explain convection as the result of the motion of the molecules in the fluid, which creates a transfer of heat energy from one part of the fluid to another. Evaporation is the process by which a liquid turns into a gas. The molecular theory of matter can explain evaporation as the result of the kinetic energy of the molecules overcoming the attractive forces between them, allowing them to escape from the liquid and enter the gas phase. Expansion is the increase in volume of a substance as its temperature increases. The molecular theory of matter can explain expansion as the result of the increase in kinetic energy of the molecules, which causes them to move further apart and occupy a larger volume. Therefore, the answer is radiation since the molecular theory of matter cannot explain radiation as it does not involve the motion or interaction of molecules.

What is the potential difference between X and Y in the diagram above if the battery is of negligible internal resistance

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A listener can detect the instrument from which a note is being sounded because different instruments produce the same note with a different.

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A listener can detect the instrument from which a note is being sounded because different instruments produce the same note with a different set of overtones. When an instrument plays a note, it not only produces the fundamental frequency (the main frequency that determines the pitch), but also a series of higher frequency harmonics, known as overtones. The combination and relative strength of these overtones is what gives each instrument its unique sound or timbre. Therefore, even if two instruments play the same note at the same pitch, the differences in their overtones allow a listener to distinguish between them.

A body of mass 7.5 kg is to be pulled up along a plane which is inclined at 30^o to the horizontal. If the efficiency of the plane is 75%, what is the minimum force required to pull the body up the plane?
(g = 10ms^-1)

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The force required to pull an object up an inclined plane is given by F = mg sinθ, where F is the force, m is the mass of the object, g is the acceleration due to gravity and θ is the angle of inclination. In this question, the mass of the body is given as 7.5 kg, and the angle of inclination is 30^o. Therefore, the force required to pull the body up the plane without considering the efficiency of the plane would be F = 7.5 x 10 x sin30^o = 37.5 N. However, the efficiency of the plane is given as 75%, which means that the actual force required to pull the body up the plane is higher than the force calculated above. To find the minimum force required, we need to divide the force calculated above by the efficiency of the plane. Minimum force required = 37.5 N ÷ 0.75 = 50 N Therefore, the minimum force required to pull the body up the plane is 50 N, which is.

Hot water at a temperature of t is added to twice that amount of water at a temperature of 30°C. If the resulting temperature of the mixture is 50°C. Calculate t.

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To solve this problem, we need to apply the principle of mixtures. The principle states that the total heat content of a mixture of two or more substances is equal to the sum of their individual heat contents before mixing. Let's assume that the initial amount of hot water added is x. Therefore, the initial amount of cold water added is 2x. The heat content of the hot water is given by Q₁ = mxΔt₁, where m is the mass of the hot water, x is the amount added, and Δt₁ is the change in temperature of the hot water. Similarly, the heat content of the cold water is given by Q₂ = mcΔt₂, where m is the mass of the cold water, 2x is the amount added, and Δt₂ is the change in temperature of the cold water. Since the total heat content of the mixture is equal to the sum of the individual heat contents, we can write: mxΔt₁ + mcΔt₂ = (m+2m)cΔt where Δt is the change in temperature of the mixture, and we have used the fact that the mass of the hot water and cold water together is 3m. We know that the final temperature of the mixture is 50^oC, and the initial temperature of the cold water is 30^oC. Therefore, Δt = 50 - 30 = 20^oC. Simplifying the equation above, we get: xΔt₁ + 2xcΔt₂ = 3mcΔt Substituting the given values, we get: x(t - 100) + 2x(50 - 30) = 3(2x)(50 - 30) Simplifying this expression, we get: xt - 100x + 40x = 120x Solving for x, we get: x = 4t/3 Substituting this value in the expression for Δt₁, we get: Δt₁ = t - 100 = (3/4)x - 100 = (3/4)(4t/3) - 100 = t/3 - 100 Therefore, the initial temperature of the hot water is t/3 - 100. Now we can use the fact that the final temperature of the mixture is 50^oC to write: mxΔt₁ + mcΔt₂ = (m+2m)cΔt Substituting the values, we get: x(t/3 - 100 - 50) + 2x(50 - 30) = 3mx(50 - 30) Simplifying this expression, we get: xt/3 - 150x + 40x = 60mx Solving for t, we get: t = 90^oC Therefore, the initial temperature of the hot water is 90/3 - 100 = -70^oC. However, this does not make physical sense since the temperature of water cannot be negative. We made an error in our calculation

A brass rod is 2 m long at a certain temperature. Calculate the linear expansion of the rod for a temperature change of 100K. (Take the linear expansivity of brass as 1.8 x 10'5K").

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The linear expansion of a material is given by the formula: ΔL = αLΔT where ΔL is the change in length, α is the linear expansivity of the material, L is the original length and ΔT is the change in temperature. In this question, the length of the brass rod L is 2 m, the change in temperature ΔT is 100 K, and the linear expansivity α for brass is 1.8 x 10^-5 K^-1. Substituting these values into the formula, we get: ΔL = (1.8 x 10^-5 K^-1) x (2 m) x (100 K) ΔL = 0.0036 m Therefore, the linear expansion of the brass rod is 0.0036 m or 3.6 mm. The correct option is: - 0.0036m

A charge of 1.6 x 10^-10C is placed in a uniform electric field of intensity 2.0 x 10⁵NC^-1. What is the magnitude of the electric force exerted on the charge?

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The magnitude of the electric force exerted on a charge in a uniform electric field is given by the product of the magnitude of the charge and the electric field strength. Mathematically, F = qE, where F is the force, q is the charge and E is the electric field strength. Substituting the given values, we have: F = (1.6 x 10^-10 C) x (2.0 x 10^5 N/C) = 3.2 x 10^-5 N Therefore, the magnitude of the electric force exerted on the charge is 3.2 x 10^-5 N. Hence, the correct option is (C) 3.2 x10^-5N.

If the current in the resistor R in diagram above is 0.05A, calculate the p.d. across the inductor.

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At what angle to the horizontal must the nozzle of a machine gun be kept when firing to obtain a maximum horizontal range for the bullets?

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The angle at which a projectile will travel the furthest horizontal distance is known as the angle of maximum range. This angle depends on the initial velocity of the projectile and the acceleration due to gravity. For a machine gun firing bullets, the initial velocity is fixed, and the only variable is the angle at which the gun is fired. The angle of maximum range for a projectile is 45 degrees, regardless of the initial velocity. Therefore, the nozzle of the machine gun should be kept at an angle of 45 degrees to the horizontal when firing to obtain a maximum horizontal range for the bullets. Hence, the answer is 45.0^o.

Which of the following statements are not true of a moving-coil milliammeter? I. It can be used to measure alternating current II. It has a linear scale III. It can be adapted to read higher values of currents IV. A resistor connected in parallel with the milliammeter would convert it to a voltmeter

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The image of any real object formed by a diverging lens is always

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A moving-coil meter with an internal resistance of 100Ω has a full-scale deflection when a current of 10m2 flows through it. What value of resistance would convert it to read 10V at full- scale deflection?

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An object is placed on the principal axis at the centre of curvature of a concave mirror. The image of the object formed by the mirror is

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A body weighing 10 N in air is partially immersed in water. It displaces water of mass 0.3 kg. What is the upthrust on the body? (g = 10 ms^-2)

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The upthrust on a body is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body. Since the body is partially immersed in water and displaces water of mass 0.3 kg, we can find the volume of water displaced using the density of water, which is 1000 kg/m^3. Volume of water displaced = Mass of water displaced / Density of water = 0.3 kg / 1000 kg/m^3 = 0.0003 m^3 The weight of the water displaced is given by the product of its mass and the acceleration due to gravity, g. Weight of water displaced = Mass of water displaced x g = 0.3 kg x 10 ms^-2 = 3 N Therefore, the upthrust on the body is 3 N. Hence, option D (3.0 N) is the correct answer.

A ray of light is incident on a body x as shown in the diagram above. What is the refractive index of the body?

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Which of the following wave characteristics can be used to distinguish a transverse wave from a longitudinal wave?

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The wave characteristic that can be used to distinguish a transverse wave from a longitudinal wave is polarization. Polarization refers to the orientation of the oscillations of a wave as it propagates through space. In a transverse wave, the oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation, while in a longitudinal wave, the oscillations are parallel to the direction of wave propagation. Thus, a transverse wave can be polarized (i.e., its oscillations can be restricted to a single plane), while a longitudinal wave cannot be polarized in this manner. Therefore, the correct answer is option D: polarization.

A wire is stretched between two points, 1m apart. If the speed of the wave generated on plucking the wire is 200ms^-1, what is the minimum frequency which will resonate with the wire?

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Which of the following media allow(s) the transmission of sound wave through them? I. Air II. Liquid III. Solid.

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All three media, air, liquid and solid, allow the transmission of sound waves through them. Sound waves are mechanical waves that require a medium for their propagation. In air, sound waves travel as longitudinal waves, where particles of air oscillate parallel to the direction of wave propagation. In liquids and solids, sound waves can also propagate as longitudinal waves, but they can also propagate as transverse waves, where particles oscillate perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. Therefore, the correct answer is "I, II and III."

Which of the following is not self-luminous?

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The correct answer is "The moon". The moon does not emit its own light, but reflects the light of the sun. This makes it a non-self-luminous object. An incandescent electric bulb, incandescent fluorescent tube, and a lighted candle all emit light due to a process called incandescence. The sun is a self-luminous object, as it emits light and heat due to nuclear fusion reactions occurring in its core.

A machine has an efficiency of 60%. If the machine is required to overcome a load of 30 N with a force of 20 N calculate its mechanical advantage?

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The efficiency of a machine is defined as the ratio of output work to input work. It is given as: Efficiency = (Output work / Input work) x 100% If the machine has an efficiency of 60%, it means that only 60% of the input work is converted into useful output work, while the remaining 40% is lost as heat, sound, or other forms of energy. The mechanical advantage of a machine is defined as the ratio of the output force to the input force. It is given as: Mechanical Advantage = Output Force / Input Force If the machine is required to overcome a load of 30 N with a force of 20 N, then the output force is 30 N and the input force is 20 N. Therefore, the mechanical advantage is: Mechanical Advantage = Output Force / Input Force = 30 N / 20 N = 1.5 Thus, the mechanical advantage of the machine is 1.5.

A sound note of frequency 250 Hz and wavelength 1.3m is produced at a point near a hill. If the echo of the sound is received 1 second later at the point, how far away is the hill from the point?

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The speed of sound in air is approximately constant and equal to 340 m/s at standard temperature and pressure. In this case, the wavelength of the sound is 1.3m, and the frequency is 250Hz. We can use the formula v = fλ to find the speed of sound: v = fλ = 250 Hz × 1.3 m = 325 m/s Now, the echo is heard 1 second later, which means the sound traveled to the hill and back. So, the total distance traveled by the sound is twice the distance between the point and the hill. We can use the formula d = vt to find the distance: d = vt/2 = (325 m/s × 1 s)/2 = 162.5 m Therefore, the hill is 162.5 meters away from the point where the sound was produced. The answer is.

Calculate the quantity charge flowing through a conductor if a current of 10A passes through the conductor for 10s.

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The quantity of charge, Q, flowing through a conductor can be calculated using the equation Q = I x t, where I is the current and t is the time for which the current flows. In this case, the current is given as 10A and the time for which it flows is 10s. So, Q = 10A x 10s = 100C Therefore, the quantity of charge flowing through the conductor is 100 coulombs. The answer is 100C.

Calculate the electric potential at a distance of 20.0cm from a point charge of 0.015C placed in air of permittivity (Take 1/4πε_o as 9.0 x 10⁹ Nm²C²)

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The electric potential at a point due to a point charge is given by the formula: V = kQ/r where V is the potential, Q is the charge, r is the distance of the point from the charge, and k is Coulomb's constant, which is equal to 1/4πε_o. In this question, the point charge is 0.015C, the distance from the charge is 20.0cm (which is 0.20m), and the value of k is 9.0 x 10⁹ Nm²C². Substituting these values into the formula: V = (9.0 x 10⁹ Nm²C²) x (0.015C) / (0.20m) V = 6.75 x 10⁵ V Therefore, the electric potential at a distance of 20.0cm from a point charge of 0.015C placed in air of permittivity is 6.75 x 10⁵ V. The answer is.

Light travels in straight lines. In which of the following is this principle manifested? I. Pinhole camera II Formation of shadows III. Diffraction of light IV. Occurrence of eclipse

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A boy cycles continuously through a distance of 1.0 km in 5 minutes. Calculate his average speed

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The formula for calculating average speed is: average speed = distance traveled ÷ time taken In this question, the distance traveled by the boy is 1.0 km, and the time taken is 5 minutes or 5 × 60 = 300 seconds. Substituting these values into the formula: average speed = 1.0 km ÷ 300 seconds To convert km to meters, we multiply by 1000. average speed = 1000m ÷ 300 seconds Simplifying: average speed = 3.33 m/s Therefore, the boy's average speed is 3.33 ms^-1. So, the correct option is: 3.3ms^-1.

Sixty complete waves pass a particular point in 4s. lf the distance between three successive troughs of the waves is 15m, calculate the speed of the waves,

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An alternating current, having the waveform shown in the diagram above, is represented by the equation x = X_o sinwt. Which of the following represents X_o?

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A cell of e.m.f 1.5V and internal resistance 2.552 is connected in series with an ammeter resistance 0.50 and a load of resistance 7.00. Calculate the current in the circuit

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The total resistance of the circuit is equal to the sum of the resistance of the ammeter, the resistance of the load and the internal resistance of the cell. So, Total resistance = ammeter resistance + load resistance + internal resistance of the cell R = 0.5 + 7.0 + 2.552 = 10.052 Ω The current in the circuit can be calculated using Ohm's law which states that the current is equal to the voltage divided by the resistance. So, I = V / R I = 1.5 / 10.052 I = 0.149 A (approx. 0.15A) Therefore, the current in the circuit is 0.15A.

A balloon containing 546cm³ of air is heated from 0^oC to 10^oC. If the pressure is kept constant, what will be its volume at 10^oC?

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The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature (in Kelvin) at constant pressure, according to Charles's law. This is expressed as V1/T1 = V2/T2, where V1 and T1 are the initial volume and temperature, and V2 and T2 are the final volume and temperature, respectively. The temperature must be expressed in Kelvin to avoid negative values, and this is done by adding 273 to the Celsius temperature. Therefore, for this problem, the volume of the balloon at 10°C can be calculated using the following formula: V1/T1 = V2/T2 V1 = 546 cm^3 (given) T1 = 0°C + 273 = 273 K T2 = 10°C + 273 = 283 K (temperature in Kelvin) Substituting the given values into the formula, we get: 546/273 = V2/283 Solving for V2, we get: V2 = 546 × 283/273 = 566 cm^3 Therefore, the volume of the balloon at 10°C would be 566 cm^3. Hence, the correct option is (c) 566 cm^3.

Calculate the current in the 30 resistor in the diagram above if the battery is of negligible internal resistance

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The angular speed of an object describing a circle of radius 4m with a linear constant speed of 10 ms^-1 is

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The linear speed v and the angular speed ω of an object describing a circle of radius r are related by the equation: v = rω Rearranging the equation to solve for ω, we have: ω = v/r Substituting the given values, we get: ω = 10 ms^-1 / 4m = 2.50 rad s^-1 Therefore, the angular speed of the object is 2.50 rad s^-1. Answer: (c) 2.50 rad s^-1.

How much heat is required to convert 20 g of ice at 0^oC to water at the same temperature? (Specific latent heat of ice = 336 J g^-1)

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To convert ice at 0°C to water at the same temperature, we need to supply heat energy to the ice to overcome the latent heat of fusion. The amount of heat energy required is given by: Q = mL where Q is the heat energy, m is the mass of ice, and L is the specific latent heat of fusion of ice. In this case, the mass of ice is 20 g and the specific latent heat of fusion of ice is 336 J g^-1. So, the heat energy required is: Q = 20 g x 336 J g^-1 = 6,720 J Therefore, the amount of heat required to convert 20 g of ice at 0°C to water at the same temperature is 6.72 x 10^3 J. Therefore, the correct option is (c) 6.72 x 10^3 J.

The pressure of a given mass of gas changes from 200 Nm² to 100 N m², while its temperature drops from 127^oC to - 73^oC. Calculate the radio of the final volume of the gas to its initial volume.

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To solve this problem, we need to use the combined gas law which states that PV/T = constant, where P is pressure, V is volume, and T is temperature. We can write: P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂ where subscripts 1 and 2 refer to the initial and final conditions of the gas, respectively. We can rearrange this equation to solve for the final volume V₂: V₂ = (P₁V₁T₂)/(P₂T₁) Substituting the given values, we get: V₂ = (200 Nm²)(1 m³)/(100 Nm²)(400 K) = 0.5 m³ Therefore, the ratio of the final volume to the initial volume is: V₂/V₁ = 0.5 m³/1 m³ = 0.5:1 So the answer is option D: 1.0:1.

The energy stored in a capacitor of capacitance 5μF is 40J. Calculate the voltage applied across its terminals?

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The energy stored in a capacitor can be expressed as E = 1/2 * C * V^2, where E is the energy stored in the capacitor, C is the capacitance of the capacitor, and V is the voltage applied across its terminals. From the given information, we have E = 40J and C = 5μF. Substituting these values into the equation, we get: 40J = 1/2 * 5μF * V^2 Simplifying the equation, we get: V^2 = (2*40J)/(5μF) = 16,000,000 μV^2 Taking the square root of both sides, we get: V = 4000μV = 4000V (since 1V = 1,000,000μV) Therefore, the voltage applied across the terminals of the capacitor is 4000V.

The temperature of glass vessel containing 100cm3 of mercury is raised from 10^oC to 100^oC. Calculate the apparent cubic expansion of the mercury. (Real cubic expansivity of mercury = 1.82 x 10^-4K^-1) (Cubic expansivity of glass = 2.4 x 10^-5K^-1)

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Which of the following is not a product of nuclear fission?

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X-ray is not a product of nuclear fission. Nuclear fission is the splitting of the nucleus of an atom into two or more smaller nuclei with the release of a significant amount of energy. The products of nuclear fission are usually smaller nuclei, neutrons, and gamma rays. Alpha and beta particles are also produced in some cases, but X-rays are not typically produced as a product of nuclear fission. X-rays are generally produced when high-energy electrons collide with a material, causing the electrons to slow down and release energy in the form of X-rays.

A capacitor of capacitance 25μF is connected to an a.c. power source of frequency 200 Hz. Calculate the reactance of the capacitor

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When two objects P and Q are supplied with the same quantity of heat, the temperature change in P is observed to be twice that in Q. lf the masses of P and Q are the same, calculate the ratio of the specific heat capacities of Q to P.

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The period of a wave is 0.02 second. Calculate its wavelength if its speed is 330 ms^-1

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The relationship between the speed of a wave (v), its wavelength (λ) and its frequency (f) is given by the formula v = λf. The period of a wave (T) is the time taken for one complete oscillation or cycle. It is related to the frequency (f) by the equation T = 1/f. We can combine these two equations to obtain: v = λ/T We are given the period T = 0.02 s and the speed v = 330 m/s. Substituting these values into the equation, we get: λ = vT = 330 x 0.02 = 6.6 m Therefore, the wavelength of the wave is 6.6 m.

An iron rod of mass 2kg and at a temperature of 280^oC is dropped into some quantity of water initially at a temperature of 30^oC. lf the temperature of the mixture is 70^oC, calculate the mass of the water. (Neglect heat losses to the surroundings). Specific heat capacity of iron = 460 J kgK) (Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 Jkg K)

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Which of the following is a fundamental quantity?

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Electric current is a fundamental quantity. Fundamental quantities are those quantities that cannot be defined in terms of other physical quantities. They are the basic building blocks from which other physical quantities are derived. Electric current is one of the seven fundamental quantities in the International System of Units (SI), along with length, mass, time, temperature, amount of substance, and luminous intensity. Heat capacity, torque, reactance, and density are all derived quantities, meaning they can be expressed in terms of one or more fundamental quantities.

A mercury-in-glass thermometer reads - 20^o at the ice point and 100^o at the steam point. Calculate the celcius temperature corresponding to 70^o on the thermometer.

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The range of the thermometer is 100 - (-20) = 120^oC. This range corresponds to a temperature range of 100^oC - 0^oC = 100^oC on the Celsius scale. To find the temperature corresponding to 70^o on the thermometer, we need to first determine the fraction of the range that corresponds to this temperature. 70^o is 70 - (-20) = 90 units above the lower end of the range (-20). So the fraction of the range that corresponds to 70^o is 90/120 = 0.75. Therefore, the temperature on the Celsius scale corresponding to 70^o on the thermometer is 0.75 × 100^oC = 75^oC. Hence, the answer is 75.0^oC.

A car travelling at a uniform speed of 120km h^-1 passes two stations in 4 minutes. Calculate the distance between the two stations.

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To find the distance between two stations, we need to know the formula: distance = speed x time We are given the speed of the car as 120 km/h, but we need to convert this to m/s for the formula to work. 120 km/h = 120000 m/3600 s = 33.33 m/s We are also given the time as 4 minutes, which we need to convert to seconds: 4 minutes = 4 x 60 seconds = 240 seconds Now we can substitute into the formula: distance = speed x time = 33.33 m/s x 240 s = 8000 m Therefore, the distance between the two stations is 8000 meters, or 8 kilometers. Answer: 8km

The effective capacitance between points X and Y in the diagram below is 1.0?F, What is the value of the capacitance C, measured in micro-farad?

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Which of the following is a wind instrument?

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An alternating voltage with a frequency of 50Hz has a period of

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The frequency of an alternating voltage is the number of cycles it completes per second. In this case, the frequency is given as 50Hz. To find the period, we can use the formula: Period (T) = 1 / Frequency (f) Substituting the given frequency, we have: T = 1 / 50Hz T = 0.02s Therefore, the period of the alternating voltage is 0.02s. Answer: 0.02s

Calculate the inductance L of the coil in the circuit shown below.

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A body of specific heat capacity 450J kg^-1 K^-1 falls to the ground from rest through a vertical height of 20m. Assuming conservation of energy, calculate the change in temperature of the body on striking the ground level. (g = 10ms^-2)

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When the body falls, its potential energy is converted to kinetic energy, which is then dissipated on striking the ground as heat. The amount of heat produced is equal to the initial potential energy of the body. Therefore, we can equate the potential energy to the heat energy produced by the body. Potential energy of the body = mgh, where m is the mass of the body, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height fallen. Kinetic energy of the body just before striking the ground = mgh, where m is the mass of the body, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height fallen. Heat produced on striking the ground = mgh, where m is the mass of the body, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height fallen. Heat produced = Change in temperature x Mass of the body x Specific heat capacity of the body We can equate the two expressions for heat produced to obtain: mgh = ΔT x m x c where c is the specific heat capacity of the body. Simplifying, we obtain: ΔT = gh/c Substituting the given values, we obtain: ΔT = (10 x 20)/450 = 4/9^oC Therefore, the change in temperature of the body on striking the ground is 4/9^oC. Answer: Option (c).

Calculate the inductive reactance of the circuit shown above.

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What is the escape velocity of a body on the surface of the earth of radius R if the gravitational constant is G and the mass of the earth is M? (Neglect energy losses to the surroundings)

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The escape velocity is the minimum velocity that a body must have in order to escape from the gravitational field of a planet, moon or other celestial body without being pulled back by its gravity. To calculate the escape velocity of a body on the surface of the earth, we can use the formula: v = sqrt(2GM/R) Where G is the gravitational constant, M is the mass of the earth and R is the radius of the earth. Plugging in the values, we get: v = sqrt(2 x 6.67 x 10^-11 x 5.97 x 10^24 / 6.37 x 10^6) v = sqrt(2 x 39.8 x 10^13) v = sqrt(79.6 x 10^13) v = 8.91 x 10^3 m/s Therefore, the escape velocity of a body on the surface of the earth is 8.91 x 10^3 m/s. So, the correct option is: 2GM/R.

Which of the following is used for shielding radioactive fall-outs?

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The material used for shielding radioactive fall-outs is lead. Lead is a dense and heavy metal that is able to effectively absorb and block harmful radiation, making it an ideal material for radiation shielding. This is why it is commonly used in the construction of X-ray rooms, nuclear power plants, and other facilities that deal with radioactive materials. Other materials like plastic, wood, textile, and aluminum are not as effective as lead in blocking radiation.

A student found out from a simple pendulum experiment that 20 oscillations were completed in 38 seconds. What is the period of oscillation of the pendulum?

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The period of oscillation of a pendulum is the time it takes for one complete back-and-forth motion, also known as one oscillation. In this case, the student counted 20 oscillations in 38 seconds. To find the period of one oscillation, we can divide the total time by the number of oscillations. Period = Total time / Number of oscillations Period = 38 s / 20 = 1.9 s Therefore, the period of oscillation of the pendulum is 1.9 seconds. So the correct option is (d) 1.9 s.

Which of the following will reduce the frequency of oscillation of a simple pendulum?

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Increasing the length of the string will reduce the frequency of oscillation of a simple pendulum. The frequency of oscillation of a simple pendulum is dependent on its length. As the length of the pendulum increases, the time taken for one complete oscillation or swing also increases. Therefore, the frequency of oscillation decreases. On the other hand, the mass of the bob, the amplitude of oscillation, and the mass of the earth have no effect on the frequency of oscillation of a simple pendulum. Decreasing the mass of the bob or the amplitude of oscillation will decrease the maximum potential and kinetic energy of the pendulum but will not affect the frequency. Similarly, the mass of the earth does not affect the frequency because it is assumed to be constant.

An air bubble of volume 2 cm* is formed 20 m under water. What will be its volume when it rises to just below the surface of the water if the atmospheric pressure is equivalent to a height of 10 m of water?

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Which of the following are emitted from a radioactive substance without altering either the nucleon number or the proton number of the substance?

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Gamma rays are emitted from a radioactive substance without altering either the nucleon number or the proton number of the substance. Gamma rays are high-energy photons that are emitted from the nucleus of a radioactive atom. Unlike alpha and beta particles, which are particles that are emitted from the nucleus during radioactive decay, gamma rays are pure energy and do not have mass or charge. Therefore, they do not change the identity of the atom, but they can be harmful to living organisms if they are exposed to high levels of gamma radiation.

A ray of light is incident on mirror m1 and after reflection is incident on mirror m₂ as shown in the diagram, calculate the angle of reflection of the ray at mirror m₂

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To calculate the angle of reflection of the ray at mirror m₂, we need to first understand the concept of angle of incidence and angle of reflection. When a light ray strikes a surface, the angle between the incident ray and the normal (a line perpendicular to the surface) is called the angle of incidence. The angle between the reflected ray and the normal is called the angle of reflection. According to the law of reflection, the angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of reflection. In this diagram, we can see that the incident ray strikes mirror m1 at an angle of 60^o with the normal. Using the law of reflection, we know that the reflected ray will be reflected at an angle of 60^o with the normal. Now, this reflected ray becomes the incident ray for mirror m₂. The angle between this incident ray and the normal is 30^o (since the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection). Therefore, using the law of reflection again, we can say that the angle of reflection for this ray at mirror m₂ will also be 30^o. Hence, the answer is 30^o.

(a) What is surface tension? Explain the phenomenon in terms of intermolecular forces

(b) Describe a simple experiment to demonstrate the surface tension of a liquid

(c) State three examples to illustrate the effects of surface tension

(d) Why does water wet a clean glass surface whereas mercury does not?

(e) State two methods by which the surface tension of a liquid may reduced.

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(a) State Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.

(b) Draw a labelled diagram of an induction coil and explain how it works.

(c) How is the effect of eddy currents minimized in the coil?

(d) State two reasons why a capacitor should be included in the primary circuit of the coil.

(e) State three uses of an induction coil.

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(a) Define the boiling it of a liquid.

(b) Describe with the a d. labelled diagram, an experiment to determire the boiling point of a small quantity of a liquid.

(c) factors that may affect the boiling point of a liquid

(d) Using the kinetic theory of matter, explain why pure water changes to steam at S.T.P. without any change in temperature, although heat is being supplied to the water.
 

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(a) Explain what is meant by acceleration of free fall due to gravity, g.

(b) State two reasons why g varies on the surface of the earth

(c) A stone is projected upwards at an angle of 30° to the horizontal from the top of a tower of height 100 m and it hits the ground at a point Q. If the initial velocity of projection is 100ms\(^{-1}\), calculate the

(i) maximum height of the stone above the ground;

(ii) time it takes to reach this height;

(iii) time of flight

(iv) horizontal distance from the foot of the tower to the point Q. (Neglect air resistance and take g as 10m\(^{-2}\))

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