JAMB UTME - Use of English - 1991

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

How i wish i _____ my mother's advice

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The correct option to fill the gap is "had heeded". The phrase "How I wish" indicates regret about something that has already happened, and the context suggests that the speaker did not follow their mother's advice in the past. The phrase "had heeded" is in the past perfect tense, which indicates an action that was not completed in the past. Therefore, the phrase "had heeded" best fits the context. The other options are not appropriate because they do not indicate regret about something that was not done in the past. "Have heeded" is in the present perfect tense, which suggests that the speaker has already followed their mother's advice. "Heed" and "will heed" are in the present tense and future tense, respectively, which do not fit the context of regret about a past action.

All too often, there is deference between what we say and what we think we have said, and between how we feel we have handled people and how they think they have been treated. When such ‘gaps’ occur between the intent and the action, it is often stated that there has been ‘a break- down in communication ’. Sometimes the break – down is allowed to become so serious that the gap becomes a chasm, relatives in family ceasing to speak to one another, managements and trade unions refusing to meet, government recalling ambassadors when relations between states reach a low ebb.

In fact, sometimes when people communicate, either as individual or within groups, problems inevitably occur; instruction maybe impossible to carry out, offence is taken at a particular remark, a directive is ambiguously phrased or people’s attitudes are colored by jealousy, resentment or frustration.

During the past fifty years, industrial, commercial and public service organization have grown prodigiously to meet the needs of advanced technological societies. Sometimes as many as 10,000 people work on one site, or one company employs more than 50,000 people. Clearly, good communications are essential to the efficient operation of any organization, and vital to the fulfillment of al those who commit their working lives to it.

For this reason, management specialist and behavioral scientist have devoted much thought and energy over recent years to analyzing the problems caused by bad communication practices, and creating good communication climate and systems.

As a result of the current structure of societies and economies, most of us spend our working lives in an organization that we become good communicators with social skills.

The most essential tool of communication not specifically mentioned in this passage is

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The young are not listening to their elders, and perhaps they never have. But now it happens that, with many of them, the reason may be medical. The young aren’t listening because they can’t hear. Just as nagging parents have long suspected, otologists (hearing specialist) now report that youngsters are going deaf as a result of blasting their eardrums with electronically amplified rock ‘n’ roll.

The hearing specialists used to worry about loud noise as a cause of deafness only in industrial and military situations. They knew that eight hours of daily exposure, year in and year out, to the din of the proverbial boiler factory, would eventually result in permanent hearing loss. Riveters were particularly susceptible. Then they learned that the same thing happened to aviators. After the advent of jets, the hazard applied to the ground crews at airport and flight-deck personnel aboard aircrafts – hence the introduction of insulated noise absorbing plastic earmuffs.

In discotheques and rock ‘n’ roll joints, the trouble is not so much in the instrument themselves, or the close quarters. The blame goes to the electronic amplifiers. An old-fashion military ban, playing a march in Ramat Park, generated as much sound. But the sound was not amplified and was dissipated in the open air. A trombonist sitting in front of a tuba player might be a bit deaf for an hour or so after a concert, and then his hearing returns to normal. A microphone hooked up to a public address system did not appreciably increase the hearing hazard. What he did was multiple microphones and speakers, and the installation of internal microphones in such instruments as guitars and bouzoukis.

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In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

We saw Ifueko _____ an egg on the wall

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The best word to fill the blank is "smash". The sentence is in past tense, and the verb should match that tense. "Smash" is the past tense of "smashed".

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

Mr and Mrs Akoka were sad and disappointed _____ the performance of their son

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In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

I did not enjoy the party. If you had invited Tariere, it _____ better organized

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The correct option to fill the gap is "would have been". This is because the sentence is talking about a past event (the party that has already happened) and the speaker is suggesting that if Tariere had been invited in the past, the party would have been better organized. "Would have been" is the correct past conditional form of "will be", which is used to express a hypothetical situation in the past.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

The chief priest will _____ the men into the cult today

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The word that best fills the gap in the sentence is "initiate." The sentence implies that the chief priest will bring the men into the cult or group, which is the definition of initiation.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

Inyang has always been shy to speak _____

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The sentence implies that Inyang is hesitant or uncomfortable when it comes to speaking. The missing word should describe the specific situation where Inyang is shy to speak. The word that best fits the sentence is "in public", which means in front of other people or in a situation where one's words or actions are visible or audible to others. Therefore, the correct answer is option (A) "in public". The complete sentence would be: "Inyang has always been shy to speak in public."

In the question below choose the option opposite in meaning to the word underlined:

He accepted a mundane task without hesitation

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The opposite option in meaning to the word "mundane" is "great." The word "mundane" means ordinary, dull, or lacking interest or excitement. The opposite of this would be something exceptional, exciting, or interesting. Among the options provided, only "great" is an antonym of "mundane." Option B, "lowly," means humble or of low status, option C, "menial," means tedious or requiring little skill, and option D, "moderate," means average or within reasonable limits. None of these options are opposite in meaning to "mundane."

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

His power supply was _____ from the mains because he did not pay his electricity bill

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The correct answer is "cut off." To have one's power supply "cut off" means that the supply of electricity has been stopped due to non-payment of the electricity bill. It is a common phrase used to describe the situation where the power company disconnects the electricity supply to a customer's property. The other options, "blown out," "put off," and "put out," do not accurately convey the meaning of the sentence. "Blown out" could refer to a blown fuse or circuit, but it does not relate to non-payment of an electricity bill. "Put off" means to delay or postpone something, which is not relevant to the sentence. "Put out" means to extinguish something, which also does not relate to the context of the sentence.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

We must observe that most of the support by other states _____ only marginal returns

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The correct option to fill the blank is "have yielded". The subject of the sentence is "most of the support by other states," which is plural, so we need a plural verb. Additionally, the past participle form "yielded" is required to match with the auxiliary verb "have", indicating the action has been completed in the past. Option A, "have yielded," is the correct form of the present perfect tense, indicating that the support provided by other states has resulted in marginal returns up until the present time. Option B, "yield," is incorrect because it is in the present tense, not the present perfect tense. Option C, "has yielded," is incorrect because it is singular, not plural. Option D, "have yield," is incorrect because it uses the wrong form of the verb.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

_____ him in the crowd, i would have told you at once

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The sentence is in the past tense, and it is discussing a hypothetical situation. The phrase "in the crowd" suggests that the speaker was unable to see the person they are referring to. Therefore, the correct option is "had I seen", which is the past perfect tense of "see". The complete sentence would be, "Had I seen him in the crowd, I would have told you at once."

Undergraduate students in psychology and education come to their first course in statistics with diverse expectation of and background in mathematics. Some have considerable formal training and quantitative aptitude and look forward to learning statistics. Others – perhaps the majority, including some of those who aspire to postgraduate studies – are less confident in their quantitative skills. They regard a course in statistics as a necessary evil for the understanding or carrying out of research in their chosen fields, but an evil nonetheless.

  The third edition, like the predecessors, is directed primarily at the latter audience it was written with the conviction that statistical concepts can be described simply without loss of accuracy and that understanding statistical techniques as research tools can be effectively promoted by discussing them within the context of their application to concrete data rather than as pure abstraction. Further, its contents are limited to those statistical techniques that are widely used in the literature of psychology and to the principle underlying them.

  The changes that have been made in this edition reflect both the results of our teaching experience and the increasing prominence being given by statisticians to certain topics. Thus our discussion of some procedures, particularly those in the realm of descriptive statistics, which students grasp easily, have being shortened or rearranged. The treatment of other topics has been expanded. Greater emphasis has been placed on sampling theory, hypothesis testing, and the notion at statistical power.

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One fact that we have to complement is that, in our unconscious mind, we cannot distinguish between a wish and a deed. We are all aware of some of our illogical dreams in which two completely opposite statements can exist side by side – very acceptable in our dreams but unthinkable and illogical in our waking state. Just as our unconscious mind cannot differentiate between the wish to kill somebody in anger and the act of having done so, the young child is unable to make this distinction. The child who angrily wishes his mother to drop dead for not having gratified his needs will traumatized greatly by the actual death of his mother – even if this event is not linked closely in the time with his destructive wishes. He will always take part of or the whole of the blames for the loss of his mother. He will always say to himself - rarely to others - I did it. I am responsible. I was bad, therefore mummy left me. ‘It is well to remember that the child will react in the same manner if he loses a parent by divorce, separation or desertion.

Death is often seen by a child as an impermanent thing and has therefore little distinction from a divorce which he may have an opportunity to see the parent again.

'Traumatized' as used in the passage means

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The word "traumatized" as used in the passage means "made sad and dejected." When someone is traumatized, they have experienced a deeply distressing or disturbing event that can cause physical and emotional shock. In this context, the child is experiencing trauma from the loss of their mother, which can cause sadness, distress, and a sense of loss. The passage states that the child who angrily wishes for his mother's death will be greatly traumatized by her actual death, even if the event is not closely linked in time to his destructive wishes. This suggests that the child will feel deeply sad and dejected as a result of the loss, and will blame himself for her death. Therefore, the correct answer is: "made sad and dejected."

The young are not listening to their elders, and perhaps they never have. But now it happens that, with many of them, the reason may be medical. The young aren’t listening because they can’t hear. Just as nagging parents have long suspected, otologists (hearing specialist) now report that youngsters are going deaf as a result of blasting their eardrums with electronically amplified rock ‘n’ roll.

In discotheques and rock ‘n’ roll joints, the trouble is not so much in the instrument themselves, or the close quarters. The blame goes to the electronic amplifiers. An old-fashion military ban, playing a march in Ramat Park, generated as much sound. But the sound was not amplified and was dissipated in the open air. A trombonist sitting in front of a tuba player might be a bit deaf for an hour or so after a concert, and then his hearing returns to normal. A microphone hooked up to a public address system did not appreciably increase the hearing hazard. What he did was multiple microphones and speakers, and the installation of internal microphones in such instruments as guitars and bouzoukis.

'The same thing happened to aviators'. This excerpt according to the passage, means

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In the question below choose the option opposite in meaning to the word underlined:

It is a unique opportunity for her to demonstrate the reality of her faith

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The opposite of "unique" is "usual" or "usual/common". Unique means one of a kind or something that is rare or uncommon, while usual means something that happens frequently or is common. Therefore, the opposite of the underlined word "unique" is "usual".

In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word(s) or phrase(s) underlined:

He has been advised to keep his head,the confusion not withstanding

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The option nearest in meaning to the underlined phrase "keep his head" is "keep calm." The phrase "keep his head" means to remain calm and level-headed in a difficult or confusing situation. In the context of the sentence, the phrase "the confusion notwithstanding" suggests that there is some confusion or chaos that the person is facing. Therefore, the best option that conveys the same meaning as "keep his head" is "keep calm," which means to remain composed and not get overly emotional or agitated in a difficult situation. So, the complete sentence would mean that someone has advised him to remain calm despite the confusion.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

I would have been surprised if you _____ the orange

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The most appropriate word or phrase that best fills the gap in the sentence is "had plucked." The sentence is structured in the past perfect tense, which requires the auxiliary verb "had" followed by the past participle of the main verb. The use of the past perfect tense indicates that the speaker is referring to an event that occurred before another past event. In this case, the speaker is suggesting that the act of plucking the orange should have been completed before a certain point in the past. Therefore, the sentence is grammatically correct and makes sense if we use the phrase "had plucked" as the correct verb form.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

I wanted to avail myself _____ the opportunity of listening to the lecture, but the lecturer failed to turn up

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The correct phrase to fill the gap is "of". "Avail oneself of" means to make use of an opportunity or resource, which fits the context of the sentence.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

The effort made by the principal to get the students to be serious in their studies _____

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The most appropriate phrase to fill in the blank is "is appreciated." The subject of the sentence is "effort," which is singular. Therefore, the verb that follows should also be singular. "Is appreciated" is in the passive voice, meaning that the emphasis is on the action, not the person who performed it. This indicates that the effort made by the principal to encourage the students to be serious in their studies is valued or respected. "Are appreciated" is not the correct form of the verb to use since it is in the plural form, whereas the subject "effort" is singular. "Will appreciate" is not the correct form of the verb to use in the sentence since it refers to a future event, and the sentence is in the present tense. "Is to appreciate" is not the correct phrase to use in the context of the sentence. It suggests that the appreciation is a planned or intended action, rather than a reaction to the principal's effort.

In the question below choose the option opposite in meaning to the word underlined:

I am happy to inform you that your boys are conscientious

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The word "conscientious" means to be diligent, thorough, and responsible in one's actions or work. The option that is opposite in meaning to "conscientious" is "carefree". "Carefree" means to be free from worry or responsibility, to be unconcerned or casual in one's actions or work. Therefore, the correct answer is option (B) "carefree".

Undergraduate students in psychology and education come to their first course in statistics with diverse expectation of and background in mathematics. Some have considerable formal training and quantitative aptitude and look forward to learning statistics. Others – perhaps the majority, including some of those who aspire to postgraduate studies – are less confident in their quantitative skills. They regard a course in statistics as a necessary evil for the understanding or carrying out of research in their chosen fields, but an evil nonetheless.

  The third edition, like the predecessors, is directed primarily at the latter audience it was written with the conviction that statistical concepts can be described simply without loss of accuracy and that understanding statistical techniques as research tools can be effectively promoted by discussing them within the context of their application to concrete data rather than as pure abstraction. Further, its contents are limited to those statistical techniques that are widely used in the literature of psychology and to the principle underlying them.

  The changes that have been made in this edition reflect both the results of our teaching experience and the increasing prominence being given by statisticians to certain topics. Thus our discussion of some procedures, particularly those in the realm of descriptive statistics, which students grasp easily, have being shortened or rearranged. The treatment of other topics has been expanded. Greater emphasis has been placed on sampling theory, hypothesis testing, and the notion at statistical power.

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The young are not listening to their elders, and perhaps they never have. But now it happens that, with many of them, the reason may be medical. The young aren’t listening because they can’t hear. Just as nagging parents have long suspected, otologists (hearing specialist) now report that youngsters are going deaf as a result of blasting their eardrums with electronically amplified rock ‘n’ roll.

The hearing specialists used to worry about loud noise as a cause of deafness only in industrial and military situations. They knew that eight hours of daily exposure, year in and year out, to the din of the proverbial boiler factory, would eventually result in permanent hearing loss. Riveters were particularly susceptible. Then they learned that the same thing happened to aviators. After the advent of jets, the hazard applied to the ground crews at airport and flight-deck personnel aboard aircrafts – hence the introduction of insulated noise absorbing plastic earmuffs.

In discotheques and rock ‘n’ roll joints, the trouble is not so much in the instrument themselves, or the close quarters. The blame goes to the electronic amplifiers. An old-fashion military ban, playing a march in Ramat Park, generated as much sound. But the sound was not amplified and was dissipated in the open air. A trombonist sitting in front of a tuba player might be a bit deaf for an hour or so after a concert, and then his hearing returns to normal. A microphone hooked up to a public address system did not appreciably increase the hearing hazard. What he did was multiple microphones and speakers, and the installation of internal microphones in such instruments as guitars and bouzoukis.

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The reason why the young are not listening to their elders is that they appear to be going deaf. According to the text, hearing specialists report that many youngsters are losing their hearing due to listening to electronically amplified rock 'n' roll music at loud volumes. This is causing permanent hearing loss, making it difficult for them to hear their elders. The text explains that the blame goes to the electronic amplifiers in discotheques and rock 'n' roll joints, which cause multiple microphones and speakers to be installed in such instruments as guitars and bouzoukis, making the noise too loud for young people to hear their elders.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

On getting to the seashore, _____

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The most suitable word to fill the gap in the sentence would be "he found nobody there." The sentence implies that someone (presumably the subject of the sentence) has arrived at the seashore and is looking for people, but cannot find anyone. "It was empty" and "people had deserted the place" have similar meanings, but they imply that there should have been people present, and they left for some reason. On the other hand, "nobody was there" and "he found nobody there" imply that the place was not expected to have anyone there. Therefore, "he found nobody there" is the most appropriate phrase to fill the gap in the sentence, as it conveys the idea that the person arrived at the seashore and did not find anyone there, without suggesting that anyone should have been there in the first place.

In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in underlined:

Because our representative is immature and biased he takes a jaundiced view of our problem

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The option nearest in meaning to the underlined word "jaundiced" is "prejudiced". In this sentence, "jaundiced" means that the representative's view of the problem is negatively influenced by his immaturity and bias. The term "jaundiced" is often used metaphorically to describe someone's negative or biased perspective on a particular issue. The option "prejudiced" has a similar meaning to "jaundiced", as it describes someone who has a preconceived opinion about something or someone, often based on insufficient knowledge or irrational feelings. It is the best option that conveys the same meaning as "jaundiced" in the given sentence. The other options do not fit as well in this sentence. "Hazy" and "unclear" describe something that is not clear or easy to understand, which is not relevant to the sentence. "Bleak" means "dreary" or "hopeless", which does not convey the same meaning as "jaundiced".

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

If only Adoyi _____ what was good for him he could easily have avoided the tragedy

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The correct option to fill the gap in the sentence is "had known". "If only Adoyi had known what was good for him he could easily have avoided the tragedy". This is because the sentence is in the past perfect tense, and "had known" is the past participle form of the verb "know". The sentence implies that Adoyi did not know what was good for him in the past, and as a result, he could not avoid the tragedy.

All too often, there is deference between what we say and what we think we have said, and between how we feel we have handled people and how they think they have been treated. When such ‘gaps’ occur between the intent and the action, it is often stated that there has been ‘a break- down in communication ’. Sometimes the break – down is allowed to become so serious that the gap becomes a chasm, relatives in family ceasing to speak to one another, managements and trade unions refusing to meet, government recalling ambassadors when relations between states reach a low ebb.

In fact, sometimes when people communicate, either as individual or within groups, problems inevitably occur; instruction maybe impossible to carry out, offence is taken at a particular remark, a directive is ambiguously phrased or people’s attitudes are colored by jealousy, resentment or frustration.

During the past fifty years, industrial, commercial and public service organization have grown prodigiously to meet the needs of advanced technological societies. Sometimes as many as 10,000 people work on one site, or one company employs more than 50,000 people. Clearly, good communications are essential to the efficient operation of any organization, and vital to the fulfillment of al those who commit their working lives to it.

For this reason, management specialist and behavioral scientist have devoted much thought and energy over recent years to analyzing the problems caused by bad communication practices, and creating good communication climate and systems.

As a result of the current structure of societies and economies, most of us spend our working lives in an organization that we become good communicators with social skills.

Antwoorddetails

The young are not listening to their elders, and perhaps they never have. But now it happens that, with many of them, the reason may be medical. The young aren’t listening because they can’t hear. Just as nagging parents have long suspected, otologists (hearing specialist) now report that youngsters are going deaf as a result of blasting their eardrums with electronically amplified rock ‘n’ roll.

The hearing specialists used to worry about loud noise as a cause of deafness only in industrial and military situations. They knew that eight hours of daily exposure, year in and year out, to the din of the proverbial boiler factory, would eventually result in permanent hearing loss. Riveters were particularly susceptible. Then they learned that the same thing happened to aviators. After the advent of jets, the hazard applied to the ground crews at airport and flight-deck personnel aboard aircrafts – hence the introduction of insulated noise absorbing plastic earmuffs.

In discotheques and rock ‘n’ roll joints, the trouble is not so much in the instrument themselves, or the close quarters. The blame goes to the electronic amplifiers. An old-fashion military ban, playing a march in Ramat Park, generated as much sound. But the sound was not amplified and was dissipated in the open air. A trombonist sitting in front of a tuba player might be a bit deaf for an hour or so after a concert, and then his hearing returns to normal. A microphone hooked up to a public address system did not appreciably increase the hearing hazard. What he did was multiple microphones and speakers, and the installation of internal microphones in such instruments as guitars and bouzoukis.

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In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

Asabe is overdue for retirement as she _____ in this college since 1954

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The correct option to fill the blank is "has been teaching." The sentence refers to a period of time that started in 1954 and is still ongoing, so we need a present perfect verb form to indicate that an action started in the past and continues up until the present. Option A, "is teaching," is incorrect because it is in the present tense and does not convey the ongoing nature of the action. Option C, "taught," and option D, "was teaching," are both in the past tense and do not convey that the action is ongoing. Option B, "has been teaching," is the correct present perfect tense form of the verb "to teach" and conveys that Asabe started teaching in 1954 and is still teaching at the time of the sentence.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

I have only three tubers of yam _____ in the store, i cannot afford to give you any more

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The sentence implies that the speaker has a limited amount of yam in their store and cannot give away more than they have. The missing word should convey that only a certain amount of yam is available. The word that best fits the sentence is "left", which means the remaining quantity of yam. Therefore, the correct answer is option (C) "left". The complete sentence would be: "I have only three tubers of yam left in the store, I cannot afford to give you any more."

In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in underlined:

The new leader hands out an olive branch

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The phrase "hands out an olive branch" means that the new leader is making a gesture of peace and reconciliation towards others. Therefore, the option closest in meaning is "sues for peace."

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

Either the chief of the village or the leader of the farmers _____ to be held responsible for the revolt

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The sentence is talking about one person who will be held responsible for the revolt, not both the chief of the village and the leader of the farmers. Therefore, the correct verb to use is "is" because it agrees with the singular subject. The correct option to fill the gap is "is".

Undergraduate students in psychology and education come to their first course in statistics with diverse expectation of and background in mathematics. Some have considerable formal training and quantitative aptitude and look forward to learning statistics. Others – perhaps the majority, including some of those who aspire to postgraduate studies – are less confident in their quantitative skills. They regard a course in statistics as a necessary evil for the understanding or carrying out of research in their chosen fields, but an evil nonetheless.

  The third edition, like the predecessors, is directed primarily at the latter audience it was written with the conviction that statistical concepts can be described simply without loss of accuracy and that understanding statistical techniques as research tools can be effectively promoted by discussing them within the context of their application to concrete data rather than as pure abstraction. Further, its contents are limited to those statistical techniques that are widely used in the literature of psychology and to the principle underlying them.

  The changes that have been made in this edition reflect both the results of our teaching experience and the increasing prominence being given by statisticians to certain topics. Thus our discussion of some procedures, particularly those in the realm of descriptive statistics, which students grasp easily, have being shortened or rearranged. The treatment of other topics has been expanded. Greater emphasis has been placed on sampling theory, hypothesis testing, and the notion at statistical power.

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In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

Little did Tunde realize that his frequent unwarranted reports about me were working _____ my advantages

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In the question below choose the option opposite in meaning to the word underlined:

Her identification with the king is publicly known

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The option that is opposite in meaning to "identification" is "disassociation". The sentence indicates that "her identification with the king is publicly known". This means that the person in question has some kind of strong connection or alignment with the king. The word "identification" suggests a feeling of association, or a sense of connection to the king. The word "disassociation", which is the opposite in meaning to "identification", suggests a feeling of separation, or a lack of connection. Therefore, "disassociation" is the correct option that is opposite in meaning to "identification" in the given context.

In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined:

Whether the villages head should identify himself with the activities of religious demonstrations has remained a burning question

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In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

Many streets in the town _____ in need of lights at night

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In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

The sea wave continues to _____ the cliff on the west coast constantly

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The word that best fits the sentence is "erode." "Erode" means to gradually wear away or break down something, such as rock or soil, through natural processes like wind or water. In the context of the sentence, the sea wave is continuously hitting the cliff, and over time, this repetitive action will cause the rock to wear away or erode. "Impair" means to damage or weaken something, often referring to a person's ability to function. It is not the correct word to use in the context of the sentence. "Rub" means to apply pressure and move something back and forth against a surface, such as rubbing one's hands together. It does not convey the intended meaning in the sentence. "Knock" means to strike something forcefully, usually with the intention of making a loud noise or causing damage. It is not the best choice in the context of the sentence since it does not indicate a gradual process of erosion.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

The African extended family system gives security to _____ members

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In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

The police report was _____ to that of the eye witness

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In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

The boy who stole the mango was given _____ by an eye witness

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The correct option to fill in the blank is "away". Given the context of the sentence, it is clear that the boy who stole the mango was seen in the act of stealing by an eye witness who reported him to someone else. In this situation, the phrasal verb "give away" means to reveal or provide information about someone, often against their will. Therefore, "The boy who stole the mango was given away by an eye witness" means that the eye witness revealed or provided information about the boy who stole the mango.

In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined:

I would rather not attend the party

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In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in underlined:

We all have both good and bad characteristics. Either is, however, easily manifested in times of crisis

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In the given sentence, the word "manifested" means the outward display or expression of something, in this case, good or bad characteristics. So, the option that is nearest in meaning to "manifested" is "highlighted". Therefore, the correct answer is "highlighted".

The young are not listening to their elders, and perhaps they never have. But now it happens that, with many of them, the reason may be medical. The young aren’t listening because they can’t hear. Just as nagging parents have long suspected, otologists (hearing specialist) now report that youngsters are going deaf as a result of blasting their eardrums with electronically amplified rock ‘n’ roll.

The hearing specialists used to worry about loud noise as a cause of deafness only in industrial and military situations. They knew that eight hours of daily exposure, year in and year out, to the din of the proverbial boiler factory, would eventually result in permanent hearing loss. Riveters were particularly susceptible. Then they learned that the same thing happened to aviators. After the advent of jets, the hazard applied to the ground crews at airport and flight-deck personnel aboard aircrafts – hence the introduction of insulated noise absorbing plastic earmuffs.

In discotheques and rock ‘n’ roll joints, the trouble is not so much in the instrument themselves, or the close quarters. The blame goes to the electronic amplifiers. An old-fashion military ban, playing a march in Ramat Park, generated as much sound. But the sound was not amplified and was dissipated in the open air. A trombonist sitting in front of a tuba player might be a bit deaf for an hour or so after a concert, and then his hearing returns to normal. A microphone hooked up to a public address system did not appreciably increase the hearing hazard. What he did was multiple microphones and speakers, and the installation of internal microphones in such instruments as guitars and bouzoukis.

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All too often, there is deference between what we say and what we think we have said, and between how we feel we have handled people and how they think they have been treated. When such ‘gaps’ occur between the intent and the action, it is often stated that there has been ‘a break- down in communication ’. Sometimes the break – down is allowed to become so serious that the gap becomes a chasm, relatives in family ceasing to speak to one another, managements and trade unions refusing to meet, government recalling ambassadors when relations between states reach a low ebb.

In fact, sometimes when people communicate, either as individual or within groups, problems inevitably occur; instruction maybe impossible to carry out, offence is taken at a particular remark, a directive is ambiguously phrased or people’s attitudes are colored by jealousy, resentment or frustration.

During the past fifty years, industrial, commercial and public service organization have grown prodigiously to meet the needs of advanced technological societies. Sometimes as many as 10,000 people work on one site, or one company employs more than 50,000 people. Clearly, good communications are essential to the efficient operation of any organization, and vital to the fulfillment of al those who commit their working lives to it.

For this reason, management specialist and behavioral scientist have devoted much thought and energy over recent years to analyzing the problems caused by bad communication practices, and creating good communication climate and systems.

As a result of the current structure of societies and economies, most of us spend our working lives in an organization that we become good communicators with social skills.

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According to the passage, Management specialists and behavioral scientists have devoted much thought and energy over recent years to analyzing the problems caused by bad communication practices, and creating good communication climate and systems. This suggests that Management specialists and behavioral scientists are likely to contribute to good communication practices, so they are not the answer to the question. Therefore, the option that is NOT likely to contribute to a breakdown in communication is "Management specialists and behavioral scientists."

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

I know i _____ read more, but i am tired

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The option that best fits the blank is "ought to." In this sentence, the speaker expresses a desire to read more but is too tired to do so. The phrase "ought to" indicates a sense of obligation or duty. So, the speaker is saying that they have a responsibility or obligation to read more, but they are too tired to do so at the moment. The other options do not fit as well in this sentence. "May" suggests that the speaker has permission to read more, but it does not express any obligation or duty. "Would" indicates a conditional statement, so it does not convey the same meaning as "ought to". "Could" expresses ability or possibility, which is not relevant to the context of the sentence.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

After listening to the statement from two students, the headmaster realized that it was a trivial argument that _____ a serious quarrel between them

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In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

He _____ by now, i can hear all the people shouting

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The best phrase to fill the blank in the sentence "He _____ by now, I can hear all the people shouting?" is "must have arrived." This is because the speaker can hear people shouting, which suggests that something exciting or significant has happened, and it is likely that the subject being referred to (he) is the cause of the commotion. Since the sentence is in the present tense, we use "must have arrived" to indicate that the subject arrived in the recent past, and this arrival caused the commotion that the speaker is hearing. The other options, such as "would have arrived," "has arrived," and "should have arrived," do not fit the context of the sentence as well as "must have arrived."

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

Jimoh is noted for his _____ attitude to his seniors at school

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The most suitable word to fill the gap in the sentence would be "respectful." A person who is respectful shows admiration and deference towards those who are older, more experienced, or hold higher positions. The sentence suggests that Jimoh behaves in a respectful manner towards his seniors at school, which is a positive trait. "Receptive" means being open and willing to receive or accept new ideas, suggestions, or information. This word does not fit the context of the sentence. "Respective" means belonging or relating separately to each of two or more people or things. This word does not fit the context of the sentence either. "Respectable" means worthy of respect, honor, or esteem. This word describes a person's character or reputation rather than their behavior towards others. While it is a positive word, it does not fit the context of the sentence as well as "respectful" does.

In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined:

Aduke: Ngozi, let's visit the market. Ngozi: if you insist, Ngozi

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The option nearest in meaning to the underlined phrase "if you insist" is "is not keen on going with Aduke." "If you insist" is a polite phrase used to show reluctance or hesitation, which suggests that Ngozi may not be very interested in going to the market. This is supported by the fact that she needs convincing to go along with Aduke's suggestion. Therefore, the option that is nearest in meaning to the underlined phrase should also express hesitation or reluctance, which is "is not keen on going with Aduke." It means that Ngozi is not very interested in going to the market, but she is willing to do so because Aduke wants to go.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

She asked me whether i _____ the letter for her

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In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

_____ his uncle helped him or not, he would still not be able to do it

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The best word to fill the gap in the sentence is "whether". The sentence is asking a question about whether the speaker's uncle's help would make a difference in his ability to do something. "Whether" is used to introduce a yes/no question, which fits with the structure of the sentence. The word "although" suggests that there is a contrast or unexpected outcome, which doesn't fit the context of the sentence. "If" is used to introduce a conditional clause, which doesn't fit with the structure of the sentence either. "Since" is used to introduce a reason or cause, which doesn't fit with the question being asked in the sentence.

In the question below choose the option opposite in meaning to the word underlined:

Ayo takes his studies rather lightly

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The word "lightly" means not taking something seriously or not giving much importance to it. Therefore, the option opposite in meaning to "lightly" is "seriously". If Ayo takes his studies seriously, it means he gives them great importance and works hard on them.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

When we got to the president's house, we were told that he _____ two days earlier

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The best option to fill the gap is "had left." The sentence is in the past tense, and the speaker arrived at the president's house after the president had already left. Therefore, we need to use the past perfect tense, "had left," to describe an action that was completed before another action in the past. The other options are not correct because "may have left" suggests uncertainty and is not appropriate in this context. "Left" and "has left" are both in the simple past and present perfect tenses, respectively, which do not accurately describe the timing of events in the sentence.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

The council chairman _____ the tension between the villagers and the tax collectors

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The word that best fills the gap in the sentence is "defused". To "defuse" means to reduce or remove the tension or anger in a situation. In the given sentence, the council chairman is likely being asked about his/her ability to handle the tense situation between the villagers and the tax collectors. Therefore, the word "defused" is the most appropriate choice as it accurately describes the chairman's role in calming the situation and preventing it from escalating further. The other options, "dispersed", "difused", and "disputed" do not convey the same meaning and would not fit well in the sentence.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

_____ i know, nobody has seen any loepards in this area

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The most suitable option to fill in the blank in this sentence is "so far as". "So far as I know, nobody has seen any leopards in this area" means that the speaker has knowledge about the area and as far as their knowledge goes, nobody has seen any leopards there. It is a way of stating that the speaker has some information about the topic at hand, but they do not claim to have complete knowledge about it. The other options do not fit as well in this sentence. "In as much as" implies a cause-and-effect relationship, which is not appropriate in this context. "Provided" means "if" or "on the condition that", which does not make sense in this sentence. "Even as" means "simultaneously" or "at the same time", which is also not relevant to the sentence.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

The spokesman confirmed that government would not give _____ to the demands of trade union leaders

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The option that best fills the gap is "in". Explanation: The preposition "in" is commonly used after the verb "give" to indicate what is being given. In this case, the sentence is referring to the government's decision not to agree to the demands of trade union leaders. Therefore, the correct preposition to use is "in", making the correct option "in".

One fact that we have to complement is that, in our unconscious mind, we cannot distinguish between a wish and a deed. We are all aware of some of our illogical dreams in which two completely opposite statements can exist side by side – very acceptable in our dreams but unthinkable and illogical in our waking state. Just as our unconscious mind cannot differentiate between the wish to kill somebody in anger and the act of having done so, the young child is unable to make this distinction. The child who angrily wishes his mother to drop dead for not having gratified his needs will traumatized greatly by the actual death of his mother – even if this event is not linked closely in the time with his destructive wishes. He will always take part of or the whole of the blames for the loss of his mother. He will always say to himself - rarely to others - I did it. I am responsible. I was bad, therefore mummy left me. ‘It is well to remember that the child will react in the same manner if he loses a parent by divorce, separation or desertion.

Death is often seen by a child as an impermanent thing and has therefore little distinction from a divorce which he may have an opportunity to see the parent again.

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The child cannot distinguish between a wish and reality in their unconscious mind. So, if the child angrily wishes for their mother to die and she does die, even if it's not directly connected to their wishes, the child may feel responsible and blame themselves for their mother's death. This is because in their mind, their wish and the actual event of their mother's death are not separate. The child may think that their wish caused their mother's death, even though it's not true. Therefore, the child would feel responsible for their mother's death even if it's connected with their wishes, because they cannot distinguish between wish and reality in their unconscious mind.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

Sibi _____ novels since she came home

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The best option to fill the blank in the given sentence is "has been reading." This is because the sentence is in the present perfect continuous tense, which is used to describe an action that started in the past and is still ongoing in the present. The word "since" indicates that the action started at a specific time in the past, and the present perfect continuous is the correct tense to use in this context. Therefore, the complete sentence would read: "Sibi has been reading novels since she came home."

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

Only observers from the Ministry of Works _____ allowed into the conference room

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The best word to fill the blank in the sentence is "are". The sentence is in the present tense, and the subject is "observers from the Ministry of Works," which is plural. Therefore, the correct form of the verb to use is "are". The sentence should read: "Only observers from the Ministry of Works are allowed into the conference room."

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

If had been told of the matter earlier, i _____ there so late

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The sentence is in past perfect tense. The speaker is regretting that they arrived late somewhere because they were not informed earlier. 'Would not have gone' is the correct option because it represents the past perfect subjunctive mood, and indicates an action that did not happen in the past.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

When you've finished using the telephone, please hang _____

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In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

The attitude of my students to _____ baffles me

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The correct option is: pronunciation. Explanation: The sentence talks about the attitude of the speaker's students towards something that "baffles" the speaker. The only option that makes sense in this context is "pronunciation," which refers to how words are pronounced, and is a common source of difficulty for language learners. The other options are misspellings or non-existent words.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

A panel set up to probe the organization's activities _____ yet to sit

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The sentence is referring to a panel that has been set up in the past, and the question is asking whether or not this panel has sat (met) yet. The subject of the sentence is "panel," which is singular, so we need a singular verb. "Is" is the correct verb to use here. Therefore, the correct answer is: "is."

Undergraduate students in psychology and education come to their first course in statistics with diverse expectation of and background in mathematics. Some have considerable formal training and quantitative aptitude and look forward to learning statistics. Others – perhaps the majority, including some of those who aspire to postgraduate studies – are less confident in their quantitative skills. They regard a course in statistics as a necessary evil for the understanding or carrying out of research in their chosen fields, but an evil nonetheless.

  The third edition, like the predecessors, is directed primarily at the latter audience it was written with the conviction that statistical concepts can be described simply without loss of accuracy and that understanding statistical techniques as research tools can be effectively promoted by discussing them within the context of their application to concrete data rather than as pure abstraction. Further, its contents are limited to those statistical techniques that are widely used in the literature of psychology and to the principle underlying them.

  The changes that have been made in this edition reflect both the results of our teaching experience and the increasing prominence being given by statisticians to certain topics. Thus our discussion of some procedures, particularly those in the realm of descriptive statistics, which students grasp easily, have being shortened or rearranged. The treatment of other topics has been expanded. Greater emphasis has been placed on sampling theory, hypothesis testing, and the notion at statistical power.

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In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

The college bus was travelling at high _____ when the accidents occurred

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The best word to fill the blank in the sentence "The college bus was travelling at high _____ when the accidents occurred?" is "speed." This is because "speed" refers to the rate at which something moves, and it is the most appropriate term to use in the context of the sentence. The sentence is referring to the bus's movement, which implies that it is moving at a high rate, and the use of the term "speed" fits perfectly in this context. The other options, such as "velocity," "acceleration," and "rapidity," are also related to the concept of motion, but they do not fit the context of the sentence as well as "speed."

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

The Board has been having _____ series of meeting lately

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The correct option to fill the blank is "a." The word "series" is singular, so we need a singular determiner. Option A, "some," is incorrect because it is not specific enough to convey the intended meaning. Option C, "a lot of," and option D, "many," both indicate a large quantity, which is not necessarily what is being conveyed in the sentence. Option B, "a," is the correct singular determiner to use in this context. It indicates that the Board has been having one series of meetings, but does not indicate how many meetings are in the series or how frequently they are being held.

Undergraduate students in psychology and education come to their first course in statistics with diverse expectation of and background in mathematics. Some have considerable formal training and quantitative aptitude and look forward to learning statistics. Others – perhaps the majority, including some of those who aspire to postgraduate studies – are less confident in their quantitative skills. They regard a course in statistics as a necessary evil for the understanding or carrying out of research in their chosen fields, but an evil nonetheless.

  The third edition, like the predecessors, is directed primarily at the latter audience it was written with the conviction that statistical concepts can be described simply without loss of accuracy and that understanding statistical techniques as research tools can be effectively promoted by discussing them within the context of their application to concrete data rather than as pure abstraction. Further, its contents are limited to those statistical techniques that are widely used in the literature of psychology and to the principle underlying them.

  The changes that have been made in this edition reflect both the results of our teaching experience and the increasing prominence being given by statisticians to certain topics. Thus our discussion of some procedures, particularly those in the realm of descriptive statistics, which students grasp easily, have being shortened or rearranged. The treatment of other topics has been expanded. Greater emphasis has been placed on sampling theory, hypothesis testing, and the notion at statistical power.

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The expression 'necessary evil' in the passage means that studying statistics is an unpleasant experience that must be endured by those who are less confident in their quantitative skills, but it is necessary for them to understand or carry out research in their chosen fields.

In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined:

There is no love lost between Hassan and Hassana

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The phrase "no love lost" is used to describe a situation where two people have a mutual dislike or hostility towards each other. Therefore, the option that is nearest in meaning to "no love lost" is "dislike each other". The complete sentence would be, "There is no love lost between Hassan and Hassana", meaning that they dislike each other.

In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in italics:

When yo go to foreign country to study, you will discover that life is not a bed of roses

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In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in underlined:

The woman acted courageously when she was attacked by thieves

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The word "courageously" means doing something bravely, without fear. Therefore, the option nearest in meaning to "courageously" is "fearlessly". The woman acted fearlessly when she was attacked by thieves.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

When the transformer blew up, Saka threw himself down _____ his stomach

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The most appropriate word that best fills the gap in the sentence is "on." The phrase "threw himself down on his stomach" means that Saka quickly lay down with his stomach on the ground. This phrase is often used to describe someone quickly taking cover or seeking protection. The other options do not fit the context of the sentence. "At" means toward or in the direction of, "over" means above or higher than, and "to" means in the direction of. Therefore, the correct preposition to complete the sentence is "on."

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

The girl that my brother introduced to us last week is pretty _____ ill-mannered

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The most suitable option to fill in the blank in this sentence is "but also". "The girl that my brother introduced to us last week is pretty but also ill-mannered" means that the girl has two qualities: she is pretty, but she also has bad manners. The phrase "but also" is commonly used to add an additional or contrasting quality to a previously stated characteristic. In this sentence, it is used to contrast the girl's physical appearance with her manners. The other options do not fit as well in this sentence. "And" is used to connect two similar or related ideas, but it does not show the contrast between the girl's appearance and her manners. "As well as" is used to add another item or idea that is similar to the previous one, and "respectable" means "worthy of respect" and does not fit with the description of the girl's behavior.

In the question below choose the option opposite in meaning to the word underlined:

The doctor was very gentle with his patients in the examining room

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In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

If they had not all jumped out of the car just in time, they _____

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The sentence is talking about a hypothetical situation in the past, where the people in the car jumped out just in time. So, the correct answer is "would have perished," which is the correct past conditional form of "perish."

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

Each of the candidates that came late _____ to complete _____

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  The preparation which a study of the humanities can provide stems from three observations about education in our world of accelerating social and technological change. First, with the rate of change, we cannot hope to train our student for specific technologies. That kind of vocational education is obsolescent. By the time the specific training will have been completed, the world will have moved on.

  If our education consists of narrow training, we will not be prepared to change. Second and paradoxically, what our student desire from their education is preparation for specific careers – business, engineering, medicine, computer programming and the like, but we will not be able to train them for a life-long career. Their confronting the depressed job market gives our students a certain anxiety, but the solution they seek in vocational training is not sufficient. Third, we sense in our students a narrow materialism, with the good life defined in terms of material comforts. Education then means learning to do a job which will make money. I see in this definition a limiting sense of what education and thus life offer, a definition which excludes joy and meaning. Our narrow approach to the study of the humanities responds to these three related problems. In our changing, yet narrow world, the teaching of the humanities finds one powerful justification – it teaches student how to think.

'Our world of accelerating social and technological change' means that

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In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

The patient is suffering from _____

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The correct option to fill the gap is "rheumatism". The sentence is asking about the illness or medical condition that the patient is experiencing. The correct spelling of the condition that is commonly referred to as "rheumatism" is "rheumatism". The other options are misspelled versions of the word. Therefore, the word that best fits the context and is correctly spelled is "rheumatism".

One fact that we have to complement is that, in our unconscious mind, we cannot distinguish between a wish and a deed. We are all aware of some of our illogical dreams in which two completely opposite statements can exist side by side – very acceptable in our dreams but unthinkable and illogical in our waking state. Just as our unconscious mind cannot differentiate between the wish to kill somebody in anger and the act of having done so, the young child is unable to make this distinction. The child who angrily wishes his mother to drop dead for not having gratified his needs will traumatized greatly by the actual death of his mother – even if this event is not linked closely in the time with his destructive wishes. He will always take part of or the whole of the blames for the loss of his mother. He will always say to himself - rarely to others - I did it. I am responsible. I was bad, therefore mummy left me. ‘It is well to remember that the child will react in the same manner if he loses a parent by divorce, separation or desertion.

Death is often seen by a child as an impermanent thing and has therefore little distinction from a divorce which he may have an opportunity to see the parent again.

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One fact that we have to complement is that, in our unconscious mind, we cannot distinguish between a wish and a deed. We are all aware of some of our illogical dreams in which two completely opposite statements can exist side by side – very acceptable in our dreams but unthinkable and illogical in our waking state. Just as our unconscious mind cannot differentiate between the wish to kill somebody in anger and the act of having done so, the young child is unable to make this distinction. The child who angrily wishes his mother to drop dead for not having gratified his needs will traumatized greatly by the actual death of his mother – even if this event is not linked closely in the time with his destructive wishes. He will always take part of or the whole of the blames for the loss of his mother. He will always say to himself - rarely to others - I did it. I am responsible. I was bad, therefore mummy left me. ‘It is well to remember that the child will react in the same manner if he loses a parent by divorce, separation or desertion.

Death is often seen by a child as an impermanent thing and has therefore little distinction from a divorce which he may have an opportunity to see the parent again.

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The passage suggests that our unconscious minds and our dreams are alike in that they can accommodate contradiction. In our dreams, we can hold two completely opposite statements at the same time without feeling the contradiction, and similarly, our unconscious mind cannot differentiate between a wish and a deed. For example, a child who wishes for the death of their mother will be traumatized by the actual death, even if the event is not closely linked in time with their destructive wishes. The child may blame themselves and say, "I did it. I am responsible. I was bad, therefore mummy left me." Similarly, a child may view death as impermanent and not much different from a divorce, where they may have an opportunity to see the parent again.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

By the time the plane reaches Harare, it _____ in te air for twelve hours

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All too often, there is deference between what we say and what we think we have said, and between how we feel we have handled people and how they think they have been treated. When such ‘gaps’ occur between the intent and the action, it is often stated that there has been ‘a break- down in communication ’. Sometimes the break – down is allowed to become so serious that the gap becomes a chasm, relatives in family ceasing to speak to one another, managements and trade unions refusing to meet, government recalling ambassadors when relations between states reach a low ebb.

In fact, sometimes when people communicate, either as individual or within groups, problems inevitably occur; instruction maybe impossible to carry out, offence is taken at a particular remark, a directive is ambiguously phrased or people’s attitudes are colored by jealousy, resentment or frustration.

During the past fifty years, industrial, commercial and public service organization have grown prodigiously to meet the needs of advanced technological societies. Sometimes as many as 10,000 people work on one site, or one company employs more than 50,000 people. Clearly, good communications are essential to the efficient operation of any organization, and vital to the fulfillment of al those who commit their working lives to it.

For this reason, management specialist and behavioral scientist have devoted much thought and energy over recent years to analyzing the problems caused by bad communication practices, and creating good communication climate and systems.

As a result of the current structure of societies and economies, most of us spend our working lives in an organization that we become good communicators with social skills.

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From the text, it can be inferred that a good communicator needs to create favorable communication conditions. The text emphasizes the importance of good communication for the efficient operation of any organization, and how management specialists and behavioral scientists have analyzed the problems caused by bad communication practices, and created good communication climates and systems. Therefore, it can be inferred that a good communicator needs to be able to create such favorable communication conditions.

In the question below choose the option opposite in meaning to the word underlined:

My father is a very prosperous businessman

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The opposite in meaning to the word "prosperous" is "unsuccessful." The word "prosperous" means successful, thriving, or doing well financially. Therefore, the word that is the opposite in meaning or antonym of "prosperous" is "unsuccessful," which means not successful or not doing well financially. The sentence implies that the speaker's father is doing well financially, so the option that is opposite in meaning would indicate that he is not doing well financially. Therefore, the correct option is "unsuccessful."

All too often, there is deference between what we say and what we think we have said, and between how we feel we have handled people and how they think they have been treated. When such ‘gaps’ occur between the intent and the action, it is often stated that there has been ‘a break- down in communication ’. Sometimes the break – down is allowed to become so serious that the gap becomes a chasm, relatives in family ceasing to speak to one another, managements and trade unions refusing to meet, government recalling ambassadors when relations between states reach a low ebb.

In fact, sometimes when people communicate, either as individual or within groups, problems inevitably occur; instruction maybe impossible to carry out, offence is taken at a particular remark, a directive is ambiguously phrased or people’s attitudes are colored by jealousy, resentment or frustration.

During the past fifty years, industrial, commercial and public service organization have grown prodigiously to meet the needs of advanced technological societies. Sometimes as many as 10,000 people work on one site, or one company employs more than 50,000 people. Clearly, good communications are essential to the efficient operation of any organization, and vital to the fulfillment of al those who commit their working lives to it.

For this reason, management specialist and behavioral scientist have devoted much thought and energy over recent years to analyzing the problems caused by bad communication practices, and creating good communication climate and systems.

As a result of the current structure of societies and economies, most of us spend our working lives in an organization that we become good communicators with social skills.

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The title that best sums up the passage is "The Need for Effective Communication". The passage discusses how communication breakdowns can occur and the negative consequences that result from them. It also highlights the importance of good communication practices in modern organizations, which can have thousands of employees. The passage goes on to explain how experts in management and behavioral science have analyzed communication problems and created systems to improve communication. Ultimately, the passage emphasizes the need for effective communication in modern society.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

Before the bill could be settled, Chuwang _____ all the money

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The sentence is referring to an event that happened in the past. The subject of the sentence is "Chuwang," and the action of spending the money happened before the bill could be settled. The sentence is in the past tense, so we need a past participle verb. The phrase "before the bill could be settled" indicates that the action happened before a specific point in the past, which means we need the past perfect tense. Therefore, the correct answer is: "had spent." So the completed sentence would be: "Before the bill could be settled, Chuwang had spent all the money." This means that Chuwang had already spent all the money before the bill could be paid.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

Insects can become _____ to insecticides

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The word that best fits the blank is "resistant." Insects can become resistant to insecticides over time due to natural selection. When an insecticide is used, it kills the susceptible insects, but a small number of insects may have a genetic mutation that makes them resistant to the insecticide. These resistant insects survive and reproduce, passing on the resistance gene to their offspring. Over time, the resistant population becomes dominant, and the insecticide becomes less effective. This is why it is important to use insecticides responsibly and in combination with other pest management strategies to prevent the development of insecticide resistance.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

Many students have joined the _____ movement

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In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

I ran _____ an old friend of mine on Broad Street and brought him home

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The best option to fill the gap is "into". "I ran into an old friend of mine on Broad Street and brought him home" means that the speaker unexpectedly met their old friend while they were on Broad Street.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

Ebun Ojo _____ international fame as an actress

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The correct word to fill the gap is "acquired", which means to obtain or gain something, in this case, international fame as an actress. The other options ("acquared" and "aqcuried") are misspellings of the word "acquired". Therefore, the correct sentence is: "Ebun Ojo acquired international fame as an actress."

In the question below choose the option nearest meaning to the word or phrase underlined:

If Garba had listen to advice, he would not have had to be rushed to the hospital

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The option nearest in meaning to the underlined phrase is "was in a position to have prevented the need to be rushed." This means that if Garba had followed the advice given to him, he could have avoided the situation that required him to be rushed to the hospital.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

I do not intend to stay long at the function. i only want to _____

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In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

The man rose to an important position as a result of ________ hard work

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The most appropriate word that best fits the gap in the sentence is "sheer." The word "sheer" means "nothing else except" or "complete and total." In this context, the sentence is suggesting that the man rose to an important position as a result of his complete and total hard work. The other options do not fit the context of the sentence. "Cheer" means to give a shout of encouragement, "share" means to divide or distribute something, and "shear" means to cut or trim something. Therefore, the correct word that completes the sentence is "sheer."

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

The story on the lost jewel was quite _____

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The correct spelling is "unbelievable." It means something that is difficult to accept as true or too amazing to be believed.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

Atuk, without giving any hint as to what he intended to do, went and _____ himself

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The correct answer to fill the gap is "hung". The verb "hang" is an irregular verb and its past tense is "hung". Therefore, in this sentence, the past tense of "hang" should be "hung" and not "hang" or "hanged". So, the sentence should be "Atuk, without giving any hint as to what he intended to do, went and hung himself."

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

The school will _____ for Easter in another six weeks

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In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

Provided you _____ to the market very soon, we shall be able to eat enough

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The sentence is conditional, and the missing word should match the conditional structure. The correct answer is "go." The sentence expresses a condition, "provided you go to the market very soon," which means that if you go to the market very soon, something will happen. The verb "go" matches the present tense of the conditional structure, which is used to express possible or likely situations or events. Therefore, the correct sentence should be "Provided you go to the market very soon, we shall be able to eat enough."

In the question below choose the option opposite in meaning to the word underlined:

The hostess greeted her guests in a very relaxed manner

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The opposite of "relaxed" is "stiff." When someone is "relaxed," they are calm, comfortable, and not tense. On the other hand, when someone is "stiff," they are rigid, tense, and not at ease. Therefore, of the given options, "stiff" is the opposite of "relaxed." "Energetic" refers to having or showing great enthusiasm or vitality. It does not convey an opposite meaning to "relaxed." "Athletic" refers to being physically strong, active, and good at sports. It is not an antonym of "relaxed." "Perplexed" means confused or puzzled, which is entirely different from "relaxed."

One fact that we have to complement is that, in our unconscious mind, we cannot distinguish between a wish and a deed. We are all aware of some of our illogical dreams in which two completely opposite statements can exist side by side – very acceptable in our dreams but unthinkable and illogical in our waking state. Just as our unconscious mind cannot differentiate between the wish to kill somebody in anger and the act of having done so, the young child is unable to make this distinction. The child who angrily wishes his mother to drop dead for not having gratified his needs will traumatized greatly by the actual death of his mother – even if this event is not linked closely in the time with his destructive wishes. He will always take part of or the whole of the blames for the loss of his mother. He will always say to himself - rarely to others - I did it. I am responsible. I was bad, therefore mummy left me. ‘It is well to remember that the child will react in the same manner if he loses a parent by divorce, separation or desertion.

Death is often seen by a child as an impermanent thing and has therefore little distinction from a divorce which he may have an opportunity to see the parent again.

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In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in underlined:

The president has sent his regrets. He is unable to attend the meeting

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The option nearest in meaning to the underlined word "regrets" is "apologies". It means the president expressed his apologies for being unable to attend the meeting.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fills(s) the gap(s):

Note that only senior members of staff have the _____ of using the toilet upstairs

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The sentence suggests that there is a restriction on who is allowed to use the toilet upstairs. The word that best fits this context is "privilege". A privilege is a special right or advantage that is granted to a particular person or group. Therefore, the correct option to fill the gap is "privilege". The complete sentence would be, "Note that only senior members of staff have the privilege of using the toilet upstairs."