JAMB UTME - Use of English - 1998

Choose the most appropriate option opposite in meaning to the word underlined word(s).

Mrs. Kofi is very provocative in her style of dressing?

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The word "provocative" means something that causes a strong reaction, often negative. Therefore, the opposite of "provocative" would be something that is mild or not attention-grabbing. The only option that fits this description is "modest".

Fill each of the gap with the appropriate option from the list following the the gap.The judge with his son _____ travelling to Lagos now?

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The correct option to fill the gap is "is". The sentence subject is "the judge with his son" which is a singular noun phrase, hence the appropriate verb to use is also singular. "Is" is the singular form of the verb "to be".

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the underlined words.
Surely, Ahmed is a ball of fire

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The phrase "a ball of fire" is often used to describe someone who is very energetic and enthusiastic, so the option that is nearest in meaning is "a very energetic person".

Choose the most appropriate option opposite in meaning to the word underlined word(s).

Those were the days of the fallacy that some languages are primitive while others are not?

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The word "fallacy" refers to a false or mistaken belief or idea. Therefore, the option that is opposite in meaning to it is "truth," which refers to the state of being in accordance with fact or reality.

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the underlined words.
Ohiokhen had a brainwave as to how she could deal with the problem

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The phrase "a brainwave" in the given sentence means "an idea." Therefore, the option nearest in meaning to this phrase is "an idea."

Choose the most appropriate option nearest in meaning to the underlined word(s).The material in the book is presented within an eclactic framework?

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The word "eclectic" refers to a style or approach that incorporates ideas or styles from a variety of sources. Therefore, the option that is nearest in meaning to "eclectic" is "a broad".

Fill each of the gap with the appropriate option from the list following the the gap.In moments of serious economic hardship, many people are _____ to turn to God?

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Fill each of the gap with the appropriate option from the list following the the gap.The adventurers run into many _____ in the forest?

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The appropriate option to fill the gap is "deer". Explanation: The sentence talks about adventurers running into many of something in the forest, and the context of the sentence suggests that it is referring to animals, not a term of endearment. Out of the given options, only "deer" fits as a word that can refer to multiple animals that could be encountered in a forest.

Fill each of the gap with the appropriate option from the list following the the gap.We cannot all wear expensive shoes in situation of _____ ?

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The most appropriate option to fill in the blank is "differing purchasing power". This is because the sentence talks about the inability of everyone to wear expensive shoes. "Differing purchasing power" refers to the differences in people's ability to buy goods and services, which is influenced by factors like income and wealth. Therefore, the sentence implies that not everyone can afford to buy expensive shoes due to their differing purchasing power. The other options do not fit the context of the sentence.

Choose the most appropriate option nearest in meaning to the underlined word(s).

When the chips are down, we will know those who have the courage to stand?

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The most appropriate option nearest in meaning to the underlined words is "When we get to a crisis point." This means that when there is a difficult situation or when things become very serious, we will be able to identify those who are brave enough to face it.

Choose the most appropriate option opposite in meaning to the word underlined word(s).He devoted too much time to the peripheral aspects?

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The opposite of "peripheral" is "main". In this context, "peripheral aspects" means the less important or less essential parts of something, so "main" would be the opposite as it refers to the most important or central parts.

Choose the most appropriate option nearest in meaning to the underlined word(s).The gateman does his work perfunctorily

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The word "perfunctorily" means to do something in a routine or careless manner, without interest or enthusiasm. Therefore, the option that best describes it is "without commitment".

Choose the most appropriate option opposite in meaning to the word underlined word(sTravelling in the night can be an ordeal?

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The most appropriate option opposite in meaning to the word "ordeal" is "a great pleasure." An ordeal is a difficult or painful experience, often accompanied by anxiety or suffering. Therefore, if something is described as an ordeal, it is not enjoyable. On the other hand, "a great pleasure" describes something that brings happiness and enjoyment. Therefore, it is the opposite of an ordeal.

Fill each of the gap with the appropriate option from the list following the the gap.Watching carefully, i could see the fish _____ along the bottom?

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Choose the most appropriate option opposite in meaning to the word underlined word(s).Once he has decided that something needs doing, my brother is very unswerving of purpose?

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The word "unswerving" means someone who is constant and does not deviate from their purpose. The opposite of this is someone who is "erratic" which means to be unpredictable and inconsistent. Therefore, the answer is: erratic.

Choose the most appropriate option opposite in meaning to the word underlined word(s).The girl's idiosyncrasy was a passion for bread and butter?

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The correct answer is "general tendency". Idiosyncrasy refers to a unique or peculiar characteristic or behavior of an individual. In this sentence, the idiosyncrasy of the girl is her passion for bread and butter, which is a specific and unique tendency she possesses. The opposite of a unique or peculiar characteristic would be a general tendency or behavior that is common or ordinary among many individuals.

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the underlined words.
The material in the book is presented within an eclectic framework

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The option nearest in meaning to "eclectic framework" is "a broad framework." Eclectic means diverse, varied or wide-ranging, and when used in the context of a framework, it implies a framework that draws from a wide range of sources or styles. Therefore, the material in the book is presented within a broad framework that draws on different sources or styles.

Fill each of the gap with the appropriate option from the list following the the gap.Students will always blame their teachers when examination results are unfavorable _____?

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The appropriate option to fill the gap is "won't they". The sentence is making a statement and also expecting an agreement or confirmation. It means that students always put the blame on their teachers when their examination results are not favorable, and then expects agreement or confirmation with the question "won't they?"

Choose the most appropriate option nearest in meaning to the underlined word(s).

One significant characteristic of the jet is that it encourage people to cut corners?

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The phrase "cut corners" means to do things in a hasty or careless way in order to save time or effort, often at the expense of quality or safety. Therefore, the most appropriate option that is nearest in meaning is "to want to avoid necessary hardships". This is because the phrase implies that people are taking shortcuts to avoid the necessary effort and hard work that would be required to complete a task properly.

Fill each of the gap with the appropriate option from the list following the the gap.The class _____ more girls than boys this session?

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The correct option to fill the gap is "comprises". The sentence talks about the composition of the class, indicating that the number of girls is more than the number of boys. "Comprises" means "is composed of" or "consists of", so it is the appropriate verb to use here. Example: The football team comprises players from different countries.

Choose the most appropriate option opposite in meaning to the underlined word.Uche could not travel last December because of the severity of the harmattan?

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The underlined word "severity" refers to the harshness or intensity of the harmattan weather. An appropriate opposite would be a word that means mildness or gentleness. The option that fits this description is "mildness".

Choose the most appropriate option nearest in meaning to the underlined word(s).Adayi is a die-hard criminal?

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The phrase "die-hard criminal" suggests that the person referred to is a criminal who is unyielding, unrepentant and obstinate in their criminal behavior. Therefore, the most appropriate option nearest in meaning to "die-hard" is "remorseless", as it implies an individual who is not affected by guilt or remorse and who persists in their actions without regret.

Choose the most appropriate option opposite in meaning to the word underlined word(s).It was an inopportune moment for you to make that suggestion?

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The most appropriate option opposite in meaning to the word "inopportune" is "an ideal". "Inopportune" means not convenient or suitable for a particular situation, while "ideal" means perfect or most suitable for a particular situation. Therefore, "an ideal" is the opposite of "inopportune".

Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.If I left the country, I would arrange for my family to join me?

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Choose the most appropriate option nearest in meaning to the underlined word(s).Her was a chequered career?

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The phrase "chequered career" means a career that has had many ups and downs, with both successes and failures. Therefore, the option that is nearest in meaning is "a career full of ups and downs".

Fill each of the gap with the appropriate option from the list following the the gap.I have already _____ the picture on the sitting-room wall?

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The correct option to fill the gap is "hung". The verb "hang" has different forms for different tenses. "Hung" is the past participle of the verb "hang", which is used to describe the action of suspending or attaching something to a surface. In this context, it refers to the action of putting the picture on the wall.

COMPREHENSION:

Read each passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:

PASSAGE I:

Those who have visited the city of Jos in Nigeria attest to its uniqueness. The first striking thing to notice, perhaps, is the benevolence of the climate. It will be no exaggeration to say that in no other Nigerian city does one feel so much at peace, so relaxed, with the climate as in Jos. When people say that Jos is cool, the remark is always a compliment, referring to the cool, serene feeling of being at peace with nature, which one experiences in the city. This feeling is topographically symbolized by the surrounding rocky hills, which adorn the horizon from
every angle of the city. These hills remind you of castles, except that whereas castles are man-made, the hills of Jos are natural edifices in which the master mason who had delicately laid those stones one upon another is no other than God Himself. The sun of Jos shines without malice, and even in February and March, when it is scorching hot in most parts of Nigeria, the heat of Jos dances charmingly on the surface of the skin, as if afraid of hurting the organs beneath. It is as if from above a soft protective layer of blanket intercedes between the heat of the sun and the inhabitants of the city.

Compared to what obtains in most other Nigerian cities, the inhabitants of Jos are openly warm. They are relaxed, and there is the absence of that suffocating feeling, with which a place likes Lagos is associated, of a people madly rushing to their graves. The groceries operating at all nooks and crannies of the city give the impression of a great abundance of a variety of food items. It is almost as if some unseen hands are responsible for the presence of these varieties of edible items. The truth of course is that, in Jos, people - civil servants, farmers and traders
– are socially well-disposed to the influx of the new settlers and novel ideas and this ensures an apparent high degree of self sufficiency. You may be hungry in Jos, but you need not be angry.

If other parts of Nigeria had been like Jos, surely the colonialists would never have left the country without a good fight. Many monuments abound in the city, which tell tales of the Whiteman’s love for this city of solid minerals.

The benevolence of Jos climate is reflected in the

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The benevolence of Jos climate is reflected in the feeling of peace and harmony with nature which the city evokes.

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The word "callous" means insensitive, unfeeling or cruel. Therefore, the option that is opposite in meaning to "callous" is "compassionate," which means kind, sympathetic or empathetic.

Choose the most appropriate option nearest in meaning to the underlined word(s).What you find in the book is a bird's eye view of the subject?

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The phrase "bird's eye view" typically means a general overview or survey of a subject. Therefore, the most appropriate option nearest in meaning is "a general survey."

Choose the most appropriate option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase underlined.

The climate of Nigeria is an enervating one

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The opposite of "enervating" would be "invigorating". "Enervating" means causing one to feel drained of energy or vitality, while "invigorating" means giving one energy and vitality. Therefore, the climate of Nigeria is not "invigorating" but "enervating".

COMPREHENSION:

Read each passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:

PASSAGE I:

Those who have visited the city of Jos in Nigeria attest to its uniqueness. The first striking thing to notice, perhaps, is the benevolence of the climate. It will be no exaggeration to say that in no other Nigerian city does one feel so much at peace, so relaxed, with the climate as in Jos. When people say that Jos is cool, the remark is always a compliment, referring to the cool, serene feeling of being at peace with nature, which one experiences in the city. This feeling is topographically symbolized by the surrounding rocky hills, which adorn the horizon from
every angle of the city. These hills remind you of castles, except that whereas castles are man-made, the hills of Jos are natural edifices in which the master mason who had delicately laid those stones one upon another is no other than God Himself. The sun of Jos shines without malice, and even in February and March, when it is scorching hot in most parts of Nigeria, the heat of Jos dances charmingly on the surface of the skin, as if afraid of hurting the organs beneath. It is as if from above a soft protective layer of blanket intercedes between the heat of the sun and the inhabitants of the city.

Compared to what obtains in most other Nigerian cities, the inhabitants of Jos are openly warm. They are relaxed, and there is the absence of that suffocating feeling, with which a place likes Lagos is associated, of a people madly rushing to their graves. The groceries operating at all nooks and crannies of the city give the impression of a great abundance of a variety of food items. It is almost as if some unseen hands are responsible for the presence of these varieties of edible items. The truth of course is that, in Jos, people - civil servants, farmers and traders
– are socially well-disposed to the influx of the new settlers and novel ideas and this ensures an apparent high degree of self sufficiency. You may be hungry in Jos, but you need not be angry.

If other parts of Nigeria had been like Jos, surely the colonialists would never have left the country without a good fight. Many monuments abound in the city, which tell tales of the Whiteman’s love for this city of solid minerals.

The presence of a wide variety of edible items in Jos suggests that

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Choose the most appropriate option nearest in meaning to the underlined word(s).

In answer to the question as to how life is treating him, the stranger said 'it never rains but it pours?

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Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.A state of mutual hatred existed for years between the two villages of Umunna and Ogboma?

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The sentence implies that there was a mutual hatred between Umunna and Ogboma. Therefore, the correct option is "Umunna and Ogboma hated each other."

Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.Fabricated statements published as truths amount to an abuse of press freedom?

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The best option that explains the information conveyed in the sentence is: "Publishing formulated untruths is misused press freedom." This sentence means that when false information is deliberately published as if it were true, it is a violation of press freedom. In other words, it is wrong to use the freedom of the press to intentionally spread lies or misinformation.

Fill each of the gap with the appropriate option from the list following the the gap.Soyinka's masterful _____of the atmosphere of his childhood helped to make his book, Ake, an ought success?

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Soyinka's masterful invocation of the atmosphere of his childhood helped to make his book, Ake, an ought success. The correct option to fill in the gap is "invocation". This is because "invocation" means the act of invoking or calling upon a deity or spirit for aid, inspiration, or guidance. In this context, "invocation" is used metaphorically to mean the act of calling to mind or evoking a particular atmosphere or feeling. Therefore, the sentence means that Soyinka's skillful evocation or summoning of the atmosphere of his childhood helped to make his book, Ake, a great success.

Choose the most appropriate option nearest in meaning to the underlined word(s).It would need a high flyer to make a first class degree in the university?

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The phrase "high flyer" typically refers to someone who is very successful and talented, particularly in a professional or academic context. In this case, the sentence is suggesting that only a very talented and hardworking individual would be able to achieve a first-class degree at university. Therefore, the option nearest in meaning to the underlined word(s) is "an outstanding scholar".

Choose the most appropriate option opposite in meaning to the word underlined word(s).

She is immune to the flattery of young men?

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The word "immune" suggests that the woman is not affected by the flattery of young men. Therefore, the option that is opposite in meaning to "immune" and best conveys the opposite meaning is "susceptible", meaning that the woman is affected by the flattery of young men. The correct option is: - susceptible

Fill each of the gap with the appropriate option from the list following the the gap.The baby was rather _____ than i could bear?

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Fill each of the gap with the appropriate option from the list following the the gap.I shall work hard so that i can _____ a distinction in English?

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Choose the most appropriate option opposite in meaning to the word underlined word(s).The Lion's of Cameroun is really an indomitable team?

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The opposite of "indomitable" means that the team is not able to be tamed or defeated. Therefore, the option that best fits as the opposite in meaning is "a weak" team.

Choose the most appropriate option opposite in meaning to the underlined word(s).The chairman's verdict redressed the injustice mete out by the secretary?

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The opposite of "redressed" is "aggravated". To redress something means to correct, rectify, or make amends for a wrong or unfair situation, while to aggravate means to make worse or more severe. Therefore, the option that is opposite in meaning to "redressed" is "aggravated".

Choose the most appropriate option opposite in meaning to the word underlined word(s)If we must live together as one people, we must learn to tolerate disparate dispositions?

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Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.The president held forth for several minutes on the need for patriotism?

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The correct option is: "The president gave a rather long speech on the importance of patriotism". This means that the president talked for a considerable amount of time about the significance of being patriotic. The phrase "held forth" means to speak at length or in a grandiose manner, and the phrase "for several minutes" indicates that the president spoke for a considerable amount of time, making the option "The president gave a rather long speech on the importance of patriotism" the most appropriate.

Choose the most appropriate option nearest in meaning to the underlined word(s).In my view, the play didn't come off?

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Fill each of the gap with the appropriate option from the list following the the gap.Two young boys have been caught with parts of the stolen machine but _____ admitted stealing it?

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Fill each of the gap with the appropriate option from the list following the the gap.That centre-forward was _____ consequently the goal was not disallowed?

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Fill each of the gap with the appropriate option from the list following the the gap.AIDS is _____ disease that kills slowly but surely?

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Choose the most appropriate option nearest in meaning to the underlined word(s).In my view, the play didn't come off?

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The phrase "come off" usually means to succeed or to achieve the desired result. Therefore, the option closest in meaning to the underlined phrase is "fail."

Choose the most appropriate option nearest in meaning to the underlined word(s).She said boxing is in fact her pet aversion?

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The sentence means that the woman hates or strongly dislikes boxing, so the most appropriate option nearest in meaning to the underlined word "pet aversion" is "something she dislikes very much".

Fill each of the gap with the appropriate option from the list following the the gap.The rebels will soon fight back. We have been informed _____their _____ ?

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Fill each of the gap with the appropriate option from the list following the the gap.We had a dull evening because _____ ?

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Choose the most appropriate option opposite in meaning to the word underlined word(s).Adamu was so vociferous during the meeting of the congregation that he succeeded in incurring the wrath of the charming?

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The most appropriate option opposite in meaning to the underlined word "wrath" is "admiration". This is because "wrath" refers to extreme anger and fury, while "admiration" refers to a feeling of approval or respect for someone or something. Therefore, if Adamu had succeeded in incurring the admiration of the congregation instead of their wrath, it would mean that his actions during the meeting were well received and respected.

Choose the most appropriate option nearest in meaning to the underlined word(s).

Any student found guilty of examination malpractice should be allowed to stew in his juice?

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The phrase "stew in his juice" means to suffer the consequences of one's actions, so the most appropriate option is "suffer the consequences of his action".

Choose the most appropriate option nearest in meaning to the underlined word(s).Ohiokhen had a brainwave as to how she could deal with the problem?

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In the context of the given sentence, the word "brainwave" means "an idea". It implies that Ohiokhen came up with a sudden and clever idea to tackle the problem.

Choose the most appropriate option opposite in meaning to the word underlined word(s).To almost everyone in the little village, Ada's behaviour was almost odious?

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Choose the most appropriate option nearest in meaning to the underlined word(s).If experience is anything to go by, this action will prove a political minefield?

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Fill each of the gap with the appropriate option from the list following the gap.Students were forbidden _____ any secret society.

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The correct option is "from joining". The sentence is talking about a prohibition, which means that students were not allowed to do something. In this case, they were not allowed to join any secret society. The preposition "from" is used to show that joining a secret society is prohibited or forbidden.

Choose the most appropriate option opposite in meaning to the word underlined word(s)The presidential aspirant warned of the political catastrophe that would follow if the elections were rigged ?

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The opposite in meaning to the word 'catastrophe' is 'success'. A catastrophe refers to a disastrous event or situation while success refers to a favorable or desirable outcome. In the context of the sentence, the aspirant warned of the political disaster that would occur if the elections were rigged, indicating that they were predicting a negative outcome. Therefore, 'success' is the option opposite in meaning.

Fill each of the gap with the appropriate option from the list following the the gap.Three-quarters of the church _____ painted by the members the previous day?

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The appropriate option to fill the gap is "was". The subject "Three-quarters of the church" is a singular noun phrase that takes a singular verb, hence "was" is correct.

Choose the most appropriate option nearest in meaning to the underlined word(s).

The lady who won the beauty contest had a good gait?

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The word "gait" refers to the way a person walks or moves, so the most appropriate option nearest in meaning would be "carriage", which also refers to the way a person carries themselves while walking or moving. Therefore, "carriage" would be the correct answer.

Choose the most appropriate option nearest in meaning to the underlined word(s).Surely, Ahmed if a ball of fire?

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The phrase "ball of fire" is often used to describe a person who is extremely energetic, enthusiastic and has a lot of energy. Therefore, the option that best explains the underlined phrase is "a very energetic person".

Fill each of the gap with the appropriate option from the list following the the gap.Kindly _____ me your book because my friends has _____ mine?

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The appropriate options to fill in the gaps are: "lend / borrowed" Explanation: The sentence indicates that the speaker is asking the listener to lend their book, because the speaker's friend has borrowed their own book. Therefore, the speaker needs to borrow the book from the listener. The correct verb to use in this context is "lend" for the first gap, as it means to give something to someone for a temporary period of time. The correct verb to use in the second gap is "borrowed", as it is the past tense of "borrow", which means to take something from someone with the intention of returning it.

Fill each of the gap with the appropriate option from the list following the the gap.The hospital was closed _____ because there were no beds to put patients _____ ?

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Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.Benjamin exclaimed, 'If it is Napoleon who said it, it must be right'?

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The sentence suggests that Benjamin thinks highly of Napoleon's judgment and considers him to be a reliable source of information or opinions. Therefore, the correct option would be: "Benjamin thinks that Napoleon always says the right thing."

Fill each of the gap with the appropriate option from the list following the the gap.Okonkwo is a stubborn man, he will never _____ his words?

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Fill each of the gap with the appropriate option from the list following the the gap.Emeka is now a _____ student but it took him years to _____?

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Fill each of the gap with the appropriate option from the list following the the gap.Ali was honest and quite as a schoolboy, but too much drinking has now changed his _____ and _____ his tongue?

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Ali was honest and quite as a schoolboy, but too much drinking has now changed his temperament and loosened his tongue. Explanation: The sentence suggests that Ali's drinking habit has changed his behavior and speech. "Temperament" refers to a person's natural tendencies and traits, which are influenced by factors such as emotions and habits. "Loosened his tongue" means that Ali has become more talkative or expressive, often without thinking or filtering his words, due to the effects of alcohol.

Choose the most appropriate option nearest in meaning to the underlined word(s).The young man who distributed political pamphlets on campus was promptly repudiated?

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The word "repudiated" means to reject or disown someone or something. Therefore, the most appropriate option nearest in meaning to the underlined word is "disowned". The young man was disowned for distributing political pamphlets on campus.

Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.The slide in the price of gold in the world market has left the industry reeling?

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The sentence is saying that the price of gold has decreased in the world market, which has caused a negative impact on the industry, making it feel unstable or shocked. Therefore, the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence is: "The gradual fall in gold price is making the industry unstable."

Choose the most appropriate option nearest in meaning to the underlined word(s).Members of the panel were working at cross purposes?

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The phrase "working at cross purposes" means that the members of the panel were working in opposition to each other, or not cooperating effectively. Therefore, the option closest in meaning is "in disunity".

Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.Ade: Do you mind if i sit down here?

Bola: Well, yes I do actually.

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Bola is certainly rejecting the request.

Fill each of the gap with the appropriate option from the list following the the gap.The tourist bought _____ ?

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The most appropriate option is "a small brown Nigerian earthen pot". This is because the adjectives in the sentence follow the usual order of size, color, and origin. The size comes first, followed by the color and then the origin. Therefore, "small" describes the size, "brown" describes the color, and "Nigerian" describes the origin of the earthen pot.

In this question, choose the option that is nearest in meaning to the word(s) or phrase(s) underlined.
She said boxing is in fact her pet aversion

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The phrase "pet aversion" indicates a strong dislike for something, so the option that is nearest in meaning is: "something she dislikes very much."

Choose the most appropriate option nearest in meaning to the underlined word(s).

This time, she will be competing with a dark horse?

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The phrase "dark horse" is used to refer to a person who is little known, but who surprises others by succeeding in a competition or event. Therefore, the option nearest in meaning to the underlined phrase is "a person about whom little is known."

Choose the most appropriate option opposite in meaning to the word underlined word(s).Events in South Africa indicate a kind of political renascence?

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The opposite of "renascence" can be determined by identifying a word with the opposite meaning. "Renascence" means "rebirth" or "revival". Therefore, the opposite would be a word that means "decline" or "falling apart". Out of the given options, the most appropriate opposite in meaning to "renascence" is "decline".

Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.The expected guests arrived at the eleventh hour?

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The correct option is "The guest arrived at the last minute." The phrase "eleventh hour" is often used to describe a situation where something happens at the last possible moment. Therefore, the sentence means that the expected guests arrived just before the deadline or just before the event started.

Fill each of the gap with the appropriate option from the list following the the gap.A university teacher is an _____ ?

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Fill each of the gap with the appropriate option from the list following the the gap.Most of us will attend the conference _____at Ibadan later this year?

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Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.After addressing the court for two hours, the defence counsel rested her case?

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The sentence means that the defence counsel has finished presenting the evidence and arguments in defence of their client after speaking for two hours. The phrase "rested her case" means that the counsel has concluded their presentation and will not present any further evidence or arguments. The correct option is: "The defence counsel concluded her defence after speaking for two hours."

In this question, choose the option that is nearest in meaning to the word(s) or phrase(s) underlined.
If experience is anything to go by, the action will prove a political minefield

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The option that is nearest in meaning to the underlined phrase is "an invitation to political problems". The sentence suggests that the action in question is likely to be difficult or problematic politically, using the metaphor of a "minefield" which implies danger and risk. Therefore, the correct option is "an invitation to political problems".

In this question, choose the option that is nearest in meaning to the word(s) or phrase(s) underlined.
When the chips are down, will know those who have the courage to stand

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The option that is nearest in meaning to the underlined phrase "when the chips are down" is "when we get to a crisis point". It means when a situation becomes difficult and problematic, it is only then that the real character or nature of people shows or is revealed. The phrase implies that in difficult times, those with strength and bravery will show themselves.