WAEC SSCE - English Language - 1990

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The best option that completes the sentence is "diagnosed." In the given sentence, the speaker's doctor is making a statement about the nature of the speaker's illness. The word "diagnose" refers to the act of identifying or determining the nature or cause of a particular condition or problem. Therefore, the doctor "diagnosed" the illness as yellow fever, not malaria. The other options - "prescribed," "examined," "discovered," and "announced" - do not fit in the context of the sentence and do not convey the same meaning as "diagnosed."

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The word "inimical" in this sentence means something that is harmful or unfavorable. So, the word that is nearest in meaning to "inimical" from the given options is "harmful" (option A). The sentence means that the chairman believes that accepting the proposal would not be beneficial to the objectives of the association, rather it would cause harm or damage to them.

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The correct option is "domestic". The sentence talks about the task of looking after the home and bringing up the children, which indicates a reference to domestic work. Therefore, the most appropriate word to fill the gap would be "domestic", which means related to the running of a household or family affairs. Therefore, the sentence should read: "For the working woman, after the task of looking after the home and domestic work of bringing up the children is not easy."

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The sentence is talking about the location of a book. The speaker has looked in a locker and a cupboard, but the book is not in either of those places. The word that best completes the sentence is "either". "Either" is used to refer to one of two things, and can be used to indicate that neither of them are applicable or relevant. In this case, the sentence is saying that the book is not in this locker and it is not in that cupboard - so it is not in either of those places. Therefore, the correct answer is "either".

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The most appropriate option to complete the sentence is "Under". "Under normal circumstances" is an idiomatic expression that means "in normal situations" or "in normal conditions". So, the correct sentence is: "Under normal circumstances, it is rare to get all registered voters to vote."

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The opposite of the underlined word "theories" is "practical." The sentence suggests that too much theoretical discussion will not benefit the situation, and instead practical solutions are needed. "Practical" means something that is based on practice or action rather than theory or speculation. It implies the implementation of an idea or solution in a practical and realistic way, rather than relying on abstract theories. Therefore, the word opposite in meaning to "theories" is "practical."

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The word that fits best in the sentence is "that". "That" is used to indicate a specific thing, person or place, and in this sentence, it is used to refer to the bad place being described. The sentence suggests that the speaker had a bad experience in that place and they have no intention of going there again.

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The best option to complete the gap is "third party" (Option C). The sentence talks about the different types of insurance policies, and how it is advisable to undertake a "comprehensive" policy when buying a new car. In insurance terms, a "comprehensive" policy is the one that covers damage caused by you or others, as well as theft and other risks. On the other hand, a "third party" policy only covers damage or injury caused by you to other people and their property, but not your own. Therefore, the option "third party" is the most appropriate one to complete the gap because it is the opposite of "comprehensive," and it fits the context of the sentence.

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The word that best completes the sentence is "collapsed". The sentence is asking about a possible reason for a building's failure, and the word "collapsed" fits the context perfectly. When a building collapses, it means that the entire structure falls down, often due to weak structural foundation or other serious structural problems. The other options (tumbled, succumbed, caved, and somersaulted) are less appropriate because they do not accurately convey the specific idea of a building falling down due to structural issues. Tumbling, succumbing, caving, and somersaulting all suggest movement or change, but not necessarily the kind of catastrophic failure that would occur if a building collapsed.

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The opposite of the underlined word "respect" is "scorn". "Respect" means to hold someone or something in high regard, while "scorn" means to feel or express contempt or disdain towards someone or something. Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

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The word "elements" as used in the sentence refers to the different kinds of weather conditions like rain, snow, wind, sun, etc. Therefore, the word that is nearest in meaning to "elements" is "weather" (Option A).

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The most appropriate interpretation of the sentence is that Kunle was actually transferred to Kano, and as a result of his transfer, his wife had to resign her teaching job. Therefore, the correct interpretation is: "Kunle was transferred and so his wife had to resign her job." The sentence is describing a cause-and-effect relationship between Kunle's transfer and his wife's resignation.

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The word that best completes the sentence is "the worse". The complete sentence would be "I feel you are none the worse for experiencing that shock." This means that the person who experienced the shock is not in a worse condition because of it. "The worse" is a comparative phrase used to describe a negative change in condition. "Worse" is the comparative form of "bad", while "worst" is the superlative form.

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The correct answer is "Much." This is because "much" is used to refer to an amount of something that cannot be counted, while the other options (majority, plenty, and many) all refer to a countable quantity. In the given sentence, the phrase "made no sense" implies that the speaker was unable to understand or make sense of what was said, which suggests that the problem lies not in the quantity of words spoken, but in the coherence or logic of the ideas expressed. Therefore, "much" would be the most appropriate word to use in this context.

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The most appropriate interpretation for the sentence "Okon is quite hardworking but his problem is that he has too many irons in the fire" is that Okon takes on more problems than he can cope with. The phrase "too many irons in the fire" means that Okon is trying to do too many things at once, which is causing him to become overwhelmed and unable to effectively manage everything he has taken on. This interpretation is supported by the fact that the sentence states that Okon is hardworking, but his problem lies in taking on too much, indicating that he is struggling to balance his workload.

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The word that best completes the sentence "Mary said she was acting ... the instructions of the principal" is "on". The sentence implies that Mary was taking some action, and she was doing so based on the instructions of the principal. In this context, the word "on" means "according to" or "based on", which indicates that Mary was acting in accordance with the principal's instructions. The words "by", "for", and "through" do not convey the same meaning as "on" in this context.

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The correct option to complete the sentence is "are you." The sentence is in the form of a statement, but it ends with a question mark, indicating an inquiry. The phrase "you are not sure where you placed the book" is a statement, and the phrase "are you" is a question that seeks to clarify or confirm the statement. Therefore, the most appropriate option is "are you," as it is a question that fits the context of the sentence. The other options do not fit the context and are not appropriate for a question seeking clarification.

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The best option to complete the gap in question number 88 is option E, "compensation." The sentence mentions that insurance companies will help firms insure against certain happenings and provide "some" form of compensation. Compensation refers to something given as a repayment, reward, or recompense. In the context of insurance, compensation refers to the payment made by the insurance company to cover the losses incurred by the insured. Therefore, option E, "compensation," is the most appropriate choice to complete the gap.

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The missing word in the given sentence should be related to giving an identifying number. The option that best completes the gap is "identification". In this context, an identification number is given to the insured person for proper identification.

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The best option to complete the gap in question 85 would be "housewife". The paragraph is discussing the responsibilities of a woman who works outside the home and still has to manage household chores and take care of herself. The term "housewife" refers to a married woman whose main occupation is managing her home and family, which aligns with the context of the paragraph. Therefore, option E, "housewife," is the best choice to complete the sentence.

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The underlined word "concerted" in the sentence means working together in a cooperative manner to achieve a common goal. Option C, "a joint", is the word that is nearest in meaning to the underlined word. Therefore, the military governor is calling for everyone to work together in a coordinated effort to solve the problems of the state.

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The sentence is making a comparison between Mathematics and English in terms of difficulty level. It is saying that Mathematics is [blank] compared to English. The option that best completes the sentence is "more difficult" (option D). This is because the sentence is using the comparative form to show that Mathematics is more challenging than English. Therefore, the completed sentence would be "Many students find Mathematics more difficult than English." This means that most students find Mathematics to be more challenging than English.

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The underlined word is "crude", which means something or someone that is unrefined or lacking in sophistication, manners, or taste. The word that is opposite in meaning to "crude" is "refined". "Refined" means something or someone that is sophisticated, cultured, and has good manners or taste. Therefore, the correct answer is "refined". In the given sentence, the challenger is being compared to the champion, and the latter is described as being refined, which is the opposite of crude.

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The sentence is saying that "the cream of the society" attended the wedding. The phrase "cream of the society" is a commonly used idiom that refers to the most affluent, powerful, or influential members of society. Therefore, the interpretation of the sentence that is most appropriate is that the wedding was attended by "very important people" (option C). These could include wealthy individuals, politicians, celebrities, and other high-profile members of society. In summary, the sentence means that the wedding was attended by the most important, powerful, and influential people in society.

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The most appropriate word that completes the sentence is "an anonymous". The sentence indicates that the writer did not provide their name, and the editor decided not to publish the article. "Anonymous" means without a name or identity, and it fits perfectly in the sentence. The other options, such as "discourteous," "scandalous," "libellous," and "cowardly," do not accurately convey the meaning of the sentence.

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The best option to complete the gap in question number 83 is "chores." The sentence is talking about the responsibilities of a working woman, and the list of activities mentioned includes cooking, cleaning, mending, washing, and ironing, which are all household chores. Therefore, "chores" is the most appropriate option to complete the gap.

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The most appropriate interpretation of the sentence "I want you to keep an eye on that child" is to watch the child all the time. It means that the speaker wants the listener to pay attention and monitor the child's behavior, actions, and surroundings to ensure their safety and well-being. It does not necessarily imply any disciplinary action, keeping the child busy, or punishment.

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The best option to complete the sentence is "Much." The sentence suggests that the person being referred to said something that was not logical or did not make sense. In this context, "much" indicates a large amount or a significant portion of what was said, did not make sense. The other options do not accurately capture the context of the sentence.

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The correct option is "whenever". The sentence implies that the departure of the speaker and the person they are addressing depends on the readiness of the person being addressed. The conjunction "whenever" expresses this sense of uncertainty, indicating that the speaker will leave at whatever time the person being addressed is ready. Therefore, the sentence should read: "We will leave whenever you are ready."

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The correct answer is "None." Explanation: The sentence states that "none of the five boys was able to show me the way to the zoo," meaning that all five boys were unable to help. "Neither" would be incorrect because it refers to a choice between two options, "any" would be incorrect because it suggests that at least one of the boys could show the way, and "some" would be incorrect because it suggests that only a few of the boys could show the way. Therefore, "none" is the most suitable option for the sentence.

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The word that best completes the sentence is "bureaucracy". A bureaucracy is a system of government in which there are many rules and regulations, and decisions are made by officials rather than elected representatives. In the context of the sentence, the word "bureaucracy" implies that there are too many bureaucratic procedures that are slowing down the implementation of policy decisions, causing the governor to frown. The other options, such as "autocracy", "opposition", "convention", and "insecurity", do not have the same meaning as "bureaucracy" and do not fit well in the context of the sentence.

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The sentence suggests that the golden jubilee celebrations of the club were concluded or completed with a party. The phrasal verb "round off" means to complete or finish something in a satisfactory way. Therefore, the word that best completes the sentence is option A, "rounded off."

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The word opposite in meaning to the underlined word "concern" in the sentence "Nobody expects him to show...for his children but he certainly bestows too much affection on them" is "hatred". In this context, "concern" implies that the person is worried about his children's well-being, safety, and happiness. The opposite of concern is a lack of caring or negative feelings, which are expressed by the word "hatred". The other options, such as love, intimacy, devotion, are not opposite in meaning to concern.

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The best option to complete the gap is "cheer." The sentence suggests that the daily responsibilities of a working woman can be overwhelming, leaving her little time for other engagements. Therefore, to boost her morale and self-confidence, she needs something that can "cheer" her up. The other options do not accurately capture the context of the sentence.

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The most appropriate interpretation for the sentence "This masquerade appears once in a blue moon" is "on very rare occasions". The phrase "once in a blue moon" is an idiom used to describe something that happens very rarely or infrequently, and has nothing to do with the actual color of the moon or the frequency of the event. Therefore, the sentence means that the masquerade is a rare occurrence, happening only on very special occasions or with a long interval of time between appearances.

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The word "perplexed" means confused or puzzled. Therefore, the option that is nearest in meaning to the underlined word is "confused".

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The best option to complete the gap in question number 90 is "unforeseeable". This is because the sentence is referring to insurance companies providing coverage against events that could happen but cannot be predicted or anticipated, such as fire or fraud. These events are unforeseeable because they occur unexpectedly, making it necessary for individuals or businesses to have insurance coverage.

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The option that best completes the sentence is "tall handsome young man." This is because in English language, when describing a person, it is more common to put adjectives in a specific order. The order is: opinion, size, age, shape, color, origin, material, purpose. In this case, "handsome" is the opinion, "tall" is the size, and "young" is the age. Therefore, "tall handsome young man" is the correct order of adjectives.

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The opposite of "terminating" is "initiating." In the given sentence, the young engineer is skilled at ending or stopping other people's projects but has not been successful in starting or launching any of his own. Therefore, the word that is opposite in meaning to "terminating" would be "initiating."

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The interpretation that best fits the sentence is that everyone must cooperate in order for the task to be successful. The phrase "all hands on deck" is a nautical expression that refers to the need for all members of a ship's crew to help during an emergency or difficult situation. In this context, it means that everyone involved in the task should work together to ensure its success.

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The word that is nearest in meaning to "pragmatic" as used in the sentence is "practical". Pragmatic approach means dealing with things sensibly and realistically in a way that is based on practical rather than theoretical considerations.

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The correct word to use in this sentence is "most." "Tunde is the most qualified for the job" means that out of all the candidates, Tunde has the highest level of qualification or is the best fit for the job. "More" means that Tunde is qualified, but there may be others who are also qualified. "More than" would need to be followed by a comparison to another candidate, for example: "Tunde is more qualified than Ahmed." "Many more" implies that there are a large number of candidates who are more qualified than Tunde, which contradicts the sentence.

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The most appropriate interpretation of the sentence "Okon is too quiet for my liking" is that Okon is not liked because of his extreme quietness. The speaker is expressing their dislike for Okon's behavior of being too quiet. It doesn't mean that Okon is a bad person, but rather that the speaker prefers someone who is more talkative or outgoing.

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The sentence "It appears Sade's success at the last examination has gone to her head" means that Sade is conceited. This means that Sade is showing excessive pride or arrogance in herself because of her success in the exam. She may be acting as if she is better than others or behaving in a way that is not humble.

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If the members of staff told the principal that they took exception to his comments, it means that they objected to the principal's comments. "To take exception to" something means to have an objection or a complaint against it. Therefore, the most appropriate interpretation of the sentence is that the members of staff did not approve of the principal's comments and expressed their objection to him.

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The word that best completes the sentence is "splash". When the fishermen threw a stone into the river, it hit the water's surface and caused a disturbance. The disturbance created by the stone hitting the water is known as a splash. A splash occurs when a solid object enters a liquid surface with force, causing the liquid to move and creating a sound. Therefore, the most suitable word to complete the sentence is "splash".

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The best option to complete the sentence is "can't". The speaker is confident that the handwriting cannot be David's, indicating that they are familiar with his handwriting and are sure that the handwriting in question is not his. "May" implies possibility, "will" implies certainty about the future, and "ought" implies obligation, none of which fit the context of the sentence.

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The best option to complete the sentence is "does she." The sentence is in the negative form and the use of "does" in the question is appropriate to convey a sense of surprise or inquiry.

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The best option to complete the gap in the sentence is "salon". The sentence mentions that working women spend much of their income on beauty care, which includes buying a lot of something and visiting somewhere regularly. This implies that the gap should be filled with a noun that relates to beauty care, such as a place where women go to take care of their hair, nails, and skin. The option that best fits this description is "salon", which is a place where women can get various beauty treatments such as haircuts, manicures, pedicures, and facials. Option A, "saloon", typically refers to a place where alcoholic drinks are served, and is not related to beauty care. Option B, "shop", and Option C, "store", are both more general terms that can refer to a variety of retail establishments, and do not specifically relate to beauty care. Option E, "studio", can also be associated with beauty care, but it is less commonly used to describe a place where people go to receive beauty treatments. It is more commonly used to describe a place where artists or photographers work. Therefore, the best option to complete the gap in the sentence is "salon".

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The most appropriate interpretation for the sentence "Little Sheila is always as lively as a kitten" is that Sheila is always gay and cheerful. Comparing someone to a kitten usually means that they are playful, energetic, and lively. Therefore, it can be inferred that Sheila is always in good spirits and full of energy.

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The underlined word in the sentence is "conservative," which means holding traditional values and avoiding change. The word opposite in meaning to "conservative" is "radical," which means favoring extreme or revolutionary changes. Therefore, the correct option is "radical." In the given sentence, it means that Ade holds traditional views in politics while Bala expresses extreme or revolutionary views, which are opposite to Ade's views.

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The question is asking to choose the best option to complete the gap in the sentence "If you have just bought a new car, it is advisable to undertake a ____ policy than a ____ for more risks are covered in the former than in the ____." The sentence is talking about insurance policies, and it suggests that a certain type of policy is better for a new car. From the context, we can infer that the missing word in the first gap should be an adjective that describes a policy that covers more risks than the alternative. Option A, "comprehensive," fits this description and is a commonly used term in the insurance industry. The second gap refers to an alternative policy, and the only option that fits this description is "third-party." The third gap refers back to the former policy, and the best option to complete this gap is "latter," which means the second of two things that have been mentioned. Therefore, the answer is A, "comprehensive."

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The correct option to complete the sentence is "for". The sentence means that his parents have not seen him for a period of seven days. "Since" could also be used to convey the same meaning. "Getting to" and "for last" are not appropriate options to complete the sentence.

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The word that best completes the sentence is "proscribed." To proscribe means to forbid or outlaw something, usually by law or authority. In this context, the government has taken action against the magazine for publishing something offensive by prohibiting its publication. The other options do not quite fit the sentence's context. Prescribed means to recommend or authorize something, which does not make sense in this case. Suspended means to temporarily stop something, which is not strong enough in meaning. Condemned means to strongly criticize or express disapproval, but it does not necessarily involve legal action. Persecuted means to oppress or mistreat someone, which is not applicable to a magazine or publication.

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The underlined word is "admitted", which means to be allowed or given permission to enter a place or attend an event. The word that is opposite in meaning to "admitted" is "barred". "Barred" means to be prevented or prohibited from entering a place or doing something. So, the correct answer is "barred". In the given sentence, those who did not have invitation cards were not allowed to enter the party, which means they were "barred" from attending.

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The sentence is asking for the best word to complete the sentence that follows. The sentence is asking for a word that shows the relationship between the speaker and the three boys. The options are "between," "over," "against," and "among." "Between" is used to describe a relationship involving two things. Since there are three boys, "between" is not the best option. "Over" is often used to indicate superiority or control. In this context, it is not clear who has control or superiority over the three boys, so "over" is not the best option. "Against" means "in opposition to" and is not the best option since it does not show any relationship between the speaker and the three boys. Therefore, "among" is the best option. It means "in the middle of" or "surrounded by" and is appropriate since the speaker is trying to choose from the group of three boys.

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The sentence is saying that Lekan has been making efforts to meet his parents' expectations. It is asking for the word that best completes the sentence in terms of how Lekan has been trying to live up to his parents' expectations. The option that best completes the sentence is "up" (option D). To live up to someone's expectations means to meet or exceed their expectations, and this option accurately reflects that meaning. Therefore, the completed sentence would be "Lekan has been trying hard to live up to his parents' expectations." This means that Lekan has been putting in a lot of effort to meet or exceed what his parents expect of him.

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The missing word in the sentence is related to the payments made by firms to insurance companies. The sentence says "Most firms will seek -89- against fire, fraud and other -90- happenings for which they pay annual -91- to the insurance companies." The word that best fits in the gap is "premiums" (Option E). The term "premiums" refers to the amount of money that a policyholder pays to an insurance company to obtain insurance coverage. It is an annual payment that guarantees that the insurance company will cover the cost of any loss or damage that may occur during the policy period. Therefore, the use of the term "premiums" in the sentence is correct and makes sense in the context.

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The best option to complete the gap in question 76 is "bringing". The sentence talks about the difficulty of a working woman's life after looking after the home and bringing up the children, which implies the idea of raising children and guiding them to become adults. "Bringing" is the only option that makes sense in this context.

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The word that best completes the sentence is "audience." An audience refers to a group of people who come to watch or listen to a performance, speech, or any other form of entertainment. In this sentence, the word "clapped" indicates that the performance had ended, and the fact that they clapped for quite a long time suggests that they enjoyed the play very much. Therefore, the word "audience" is the most appropriate for this context.

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The sentence "Though Ibrahim was provoked, he ought to have controlled himself" means that Ibrahim should have exercised some restraint. This means that even though Ibrahim was provoked, he should have been able to control his emotions and not react in a negative or violent way. The sentence implies that Ibrahim failed to show self-control in the situation, which could have led to a negative outcome.

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The interpretation that is most appropriate for the sentence is that Kunle always tells lies. The phrase "second nature" means something that comes naturally or easily to someone, often as a result of frequent repetition. Therefore, when the sentence says "Telling lies has become second nature of Kunle", it suggests that Kunle has made a habit of telling lies and that it has become a natural or automatic behavior for him.

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The correct answer is "for". The preposition "for" is used to indicate the reason or cause of an action, and in this sentence, it explains why the person was convicted. The sentence means that the person was found guilty and punished for the crime of stealing some bags of cocoa. Option A ("with") could also be used to express that the person was found guilty of the crime, but it is usually used in cases where someone is caught in the act of committing a crime, for example, "He was caught with the stolen bags of cocoa." Option B ("in") could also be used to describe the location or circumstances of the crime, for example, "He was caught in the act of stealing the bags of cocoa." Option C ("of") is not a correct choice in this sentence because "of" is usually used to indicate possession, origin or material, and it doesn't fit with the context of the sentence. Therefore, the correct choice is "for" because it shows the reason or cause of the conviction.

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The correct option is "had not". The sentence is in the past tense, and the use of the word "as if" suggests that the two people had not seen each other for a long time, which makes the past perfect tense appropriate in this context. Therefore, "had not" is the best fit because it indicates that the two people embraced passionately as if they had not seen each other for years.

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The word "principal" in the sentence means the most important or primary actor in the play. So, the option that is closest in meaning to "principal" is "main" (option E). Therefore, the sentence could be rephrased as "If it weren't for the main actor, the play would have been dull." This means that the main actor played a crucial role in making the play interesting, and without them, the play would have been boring.

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The correct answer is "in." When someone is charged with complicity, it means they are being accused of being involved in a crime or illegal activity with another person or group. In this sentence, the phrase "the abortive coup" refers to a specific event, likely a failed attempt to overthrow a government or take control of a country by force. So, if someone is being charged with complicity "in the abortive coup," it means they are being accused of being involved in the planning, execution, or support of that specific event. The preposition "in" is the most appropriate choice here, as it implies a more direct and active role in the coup than the other options.

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The best option to complete the gap in question number 93 is "covered." The sentence reads "The payments will vary according to the risk to be _____, some of these happenings may be sustained during work or business debts." Here, the sentence is referring to the payments that firms make to insurance companies to cover themselves against fire, fraud, and other happenings. The missing word refers to the risks that the insurance company will cover, and "covered" is the most appropriate word that fits the context of the sentence.

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The word that best completes the sentence is "indignation." "Indignation" refers to strong displeasure at something considered unjust or offensive. In the given sentence, people reacted strongly to the brutal murder of a popular journalist. Therefore, "indignation" is the most suitable word that fits the context. "Demonstration" refers to a public display of group opinion or action, "mobilization" refers to the act of bringing together resources or people for a purpose, "condemnation" refers to strong disapproval, and "accusation" refers to the act of accusing someone of a crime or wrongdoing.

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The correct option that best completes the sentence is "as such." This is because the phrase "as such" is used to indicate that someone or something should be treated in a specific way because of their status, position or characteristics. In this context, Nana Sawara is a queen and her position demands a certain level of respect and treatment from others.

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The underlined word "stamina" means physical or mental strength and endurance to do a task for a long time. Among the options given, the word that is nearest in meaning to "stamina" is "energy." Therefore, the correct answer is C, "energy."

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The underlined word "preventive" suggests that the government is spending money on measures that prevent illnesses and diseases from occurring. The opposite of "preventive" is "curative," which means relating to the treatment of an illness or disease. Therefore, the word opposite in meaning to the underlined word is "curative," and the correct option is (E) curative.

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The correct option is "when". In this sentence, "when" is the most appropriate conjunction to use because it connects the two events in the sentence and indicates the time relationship between them. It shows that the lights went off at the moment the party had hardly started. Therefore, the sentence should read: "The party had hardly started when the lights went off."

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The most appropriate option to complete the sentence is "two of whom were beaten". This option is the most grammatically correct because it uses the phrase "of whom" to refer back to the boys, and specifies that two of them were beaten. The other options either use incorrect grammar or incorrect pronouns. "Which two were beaten" is incorrect because "which" is used to refer to things, not people. "Whom two were beaten" is also incorrect because "whom" is an object pronoun, and the boys are the subject of the sentence. "Of whom two of them were beaten" is redundant because "of them" is unnecessary after "whom".

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The best option to complete the sentence is "was being." This is because the sentence is in the past tense, and the action of arranging the hall was already in progress when "we" arrived. The phrase "was being" is in the past continuous tense, which is used to describe an action that was ongoing in the past. Option A, "has been," is in the present perfect tense and suggests that the hall is still being arranged, which does not fit the context of the sentence. Option B, "is being," is in the present continuous tense and suggests that the hall is currently being arranged, which again does not fit the past tense context of the sentence. Option D, "had been," is in the past perfect tense and suggests that the arranging of the hall was already completed before "we" arrived, which also does not fit the context of the sentence.

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In the given sentence, the word "insolvent" refers to a financial state where someone is unable to pay their debts. So, the word nearest in meaning to "insolvent" is "bankrupt," which means being unable to pay one's debts. Option E is the correct answer.

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(a) The distinctive characteristics of the speakers of the three varieties (one sentence for each):

1. Speakers of the first variety think entirely in their mother tongue and must translate silently to and from English, so their speech comes out slow, halting and jerky.
2. Speakers of the second variety also translate internally, but only for opinions and complex ideas and within a much shorter time, so their speech is quicker and smoother though still marked by a few minor pauses.
3. Speakers of the third variety think almost wholly in English without any translation, and their rich vocabulary and mastery of pronunciation allow them to express fine distinctions quickly, easily and accurately.

(b) The conditions (one sentence for each):

1. (i) A person can move from the lower varieties to the upper ones through a long period of education, sustained exposure to standard English and a deliberate personal effort.
2. (ii) A person can switch from a higher variety to a lower one by his own free choice, as when an educated speaker deliberately lowers his English while talking with a less-educated listener such as a house-servant or a porter.

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How to approach this question: This is a speech by the Senior Prefect at an end-of-year ceremony. It must open with vocatives addressing the dignitaries, use a formal but warm speech register, mention specific problems faced during the year, offer practical suggestions, and close with thanks. Below is a model answer.

SPEECH DELIVERED BY THE SENIOR PREFECT AT THE END-OF-YEAR CEREMONY

The Principal, the Vice-Principals, distinguished members of staff, invited guests, my dear fellow students, ladies and gentlemen. I count it a great privilege to stand before you today, on behalf of the entire student body, on the occasion of our school's end-of-year ceremony.

It has indeed been a year of hard work, growth and achievement. Our academic results have improved, our sports teams have brought home trophies, and the spirit of unity among us has grown stronger. For all these, we thank our dedicated teachers and our supportive parents.

However, permit me to speak frankly about some of the problems we faced in the course of the year, for it is only by naming our challenges that we can overcome them.

First, we suffered from inadequate learning facilities. Our library is poorly stocked and our science laboratories lack basic equipment, which made practical lessons difficult. I humbly suggest that the school management and our old students' association come to our aid by donating books and equipment.

Second, the problem of lateness and indiscipline among a few students disturbed the smooth running of the school. I suggest that a stronger prefect system, supported by regular counselling, be put in place to guide erring students back to the right path.

Third, the poor state of some of our classrooms and the shortage of desks made learning uncomfortable. I appeal for the renovation of these classrooms so that the coming year may be more conducive to study.

In spite of these challenges, we have kept the flag of our dear school flying high. Let me therefore urge my fellow students to remain focused, disciplined and hardworking, for the glory of our school rests on our shoulders.

On this note, I thank the Principal and the entire staff for their tireless efforts, and I thank all of you for your kind attention.

Thank you, and long live our great school.

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How to approach this question: This is a speech. You are addressing a live audience, so it must open with a vocative (address forms), carry a clear speech register (rhetorical questions, direct address to "fellow youths"), and close with a note of thanks. Mark allocation rewards format, content, expression and mechanical accuracy. Below is a full model speech.

SPEECH ON INDISCIPLINE AMONG YOUTHS

The Chairman, the invited guests, distinguished members of the youth organization, my fellow young people, ladies and gentlemen. I am honoured to stand before you this morning to speak on a subject that touches the very future of our nation: indiscipline among youths.

What exactly is indiscipline? It is the refusal to submit to acceptable rules of conduct. It shows itself when a young person disobeys parents and teachers, disregards the laws of the land, cheats in examinations, abuses drugs, dresses indecently or resorts to violence to settle disputes. Everywhere we turn today, these signs stare us in the face.

Fellow youths, the causes of this problem are not far to seek. First, poor home training has produced children who were never taught the difference between right and wrong. Second, the wrong company keeps many young people on the path of ruin, for a person is known by the friends he keeps. Third, the influence of unwholesome films and social media glamorizes crime and disrespect. Fourth, unemployment and idleness push some youths into vices, since an idle mind is the devil's workshop.

May I remind us that the consequences are grievous. Indiscipline breeds examination malpractice, which produces half-baked graduates. It fuels cultism, armed robbery and drug addiction. It destroys the good name of families and it robs the nation of the responsible leaders of tomorrow.

What then is the way forward? Let us return to the values of honesty, hard work and respect for elders. Parents must train their children early. Schools must enforce rules firmly but fairly. Government must create opportunities that keep young people gainfully engaged. Above all, we the youths must discipline ourselves, for no meaningful change can come from outside if we are not willing to change within.

Fellow young people, the discipline we build today is the greatness we shall harvest tomorrow. Let us rise to the challenge and prove that our generation is not lost but is ready to lead.

Thank you, and God bless you all.

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How to approach this question: This is a formal (official) letter. It requires the writer's address, date, the receiver's title and address, a formal salutation, a title, a body that both congratulates and states priority needs, a formal close and a signature. Below is a model answer.

15 Unity Road,
Ikeja,
Lagos State.
10 July, 2026.

The Chairman,
Ikeja Local Government Council,
Ikeja,
Lagos State.

Dear Sir,

CONGRATULATIONS AND THE PRIORITY NEEDS OF OUR COMMUNITY

On behalf of the people of my community, I write to congratulate you most heartily on your election as the Chairman of our Local Government Council. Your victory at the polls is a clear testimony to the confidence which the people repose in you, and we are convinced that your wealth of experience will bring the development we have long desired.

While rejoicing with you, permit me to draw your attention to a few pressing needs of our people, which we hope your administration will place high on its agenda.

In the first place, our roads are in a deplorable state. The main road linking our community to the town has become almost impassable, especially during the rainy season, and this has greatly hampered trade and movement. We appeal for its urgent rehabilitation.

Secondly, we lack a functional health centre. The sick are compelled to travel many kilometres before receiving treatment, and lives have been lost as a result. The building of a well-equipped clinic would be a great relief.

Thirdly, our community is in dire need of pipe-borne water and a stable supply of electricity. The absence of these basic amenities has slowed down the growth of small businesses and has exposed the people to avoidable hardship.

I am confident that under your able leadership these needs will receive prompt attention. Once again, I congratulate you and wish you a successful tenure of office.

Yours faithfully,
Adewale Johnson
(Community Representative)

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Comprehension answers (Umoru robbery passage).

(a) Why were the neighbours concerned about the robbery in the house of the Umorus?
The neighbours were concerned because the Umorus were easy-going people who minded their own business and had contributed immensely to the development of the area, so the misfortune that befell such good neighbours genuinely saddened them.

(b) Identify the two types of sympathizers mentioned in the passage.
The first type were those who merely stood around discussing the perfection with which modern robbers strike, while the second type were the practical ones who drove to the police station and returned with detectives.

(c)(i) Were the Police careful enough in their search?
No, the police were not careful enough in their search.

(c)(ii) Why do you think so?
Although the officer ordered his men to comb the bushes and unfinished buildings, he himself merely stood over the culvert where the robbers were actually hiding and never searched it, so the very spot that held the criminals was overlooked.

(d) What finally happened to the robbers?
The two robbers, who had fallen asleep in the culvert with their booty beside them, were given away later in the afternoon by a stray dog, and so they did not escape with their loot.

(e) 'Had a stray dog not given them away'
(i) Grammatical term: It is a conditional clause (an adverbial clause of condition, in the inverted form without "if").
(ii) Function: It functions as an adverbial of condition; it states the condition upon which the robbers' possible escape depended.

(f) One-word replacements as used in the passage:

• (i) immensely: greatly / enormously
• (ii) vandalized: destroyed / wrecked
• (iii) pin down: identify / pinpoint
• (iv) comb: search / scour
• (v) structures: buildings
• (vi) chase: pursuit / hunt

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How to approach this question: This is an informal letter to a sick friend. It needs the writer's address and date, an informal salutation, a sympathetic opening, a body describing interesting school happenings, and a warm wish for quick recovery. Below is a model answer.

Boys' Hostel, Block C,
Government College,
Enugu.
10 July, 2026.

Dear Chidi,

I was very sorry to learn that you have been confined to bed for almost a month now. Your absence has left a great gap among us, and there is not a day that passes without one of us asking after you. I decided to write so that you do not feel cut off from all the exciting things that have been happening here.

You will not believe how eventful the school has been. First, our football team lifted the Principal's Cup after beating our great rivals, Merchants' High School, by two goals to one. The whole school poured onto the field in wild celebration, and you would have loved every minute of it.

Secondly, the Literary and Debating Society organized an inter-house debate on the topic "Science has done more harm than good," and our house, Blue House, carried the day. Adaeze, our chief speaker, was so brilliant that even the visiting judges could not stop praising her.

Thirdly, we had a memorable excursion to the National Museum, where we saw ancient artefacts and learnt so much about our history. The trip was rounded off with a picnic that left everyone in high spirits.

Enough of the news for now. The most important thing is your health. Please take your medicines faithfully, eat well and rest properly. We are all praying earnestly for you, and I am certain that you will soon be up and about. School is simply not the same without you.

Get well soon, my dear friend. I look forward to seeing your cheerful face again very shortly.

Your loving friend,
Emeka

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(a) What type of ruler was Hitler during his life?
Hitler was a ruthless, self-glorifying dictator who sacrificed millions of his own people for his personal glory while still claiming that he acted out of love and loyalty to them.

(b)(i) How did Hitler die?
Hitler died by committing suicide; he took his own life by his own hand.

(b)(ii) Why?
He chose to die by his own hand rather than submit to what he regarded as a cowardly abdication or capitulation, that is, rather than surrender or be captured by the Russians.

(c) What was the last thing Hitler did before his death?
The last thing he did was to draw up and dictate his testament, or will, in which he passed his own verdict on himself and stated how his possessions were to be disposed of.

(d) At the time of his death, how was Germany performing in the war?
Germany was losing the war badly; the Russians had already encircled Berlin and were bombarding the Chancellery with their guns at close range.

(e) What two options did Hitler give for disposing of his possessions?

• First, his possessions were to be given to the party.
• Secondly, if the party was no longer in existence, they were to be given to the state.

(f) Words and their replacements as used in the passage:

• (i) mystery - puzzle / secret
• (ii) verdict - judgement / decision / pronouncement
• (iii) astonishing - amazing / surprising / astounding
• (iv) detachment - indifference / aloofness / impartiality
• (v) submit - yield / surrender / give in
• (vi) bequeathed - willed / handed down / gave

(g) "While he was dictating these words"

(i) Grammatical term: It is an adverbial clause of time (a subordinate clause of time).

(ii) Function: It functions as an adverbial of time modifying the verb "had encircled" in the main clause; it tells us when the Russians encircled Berlin and bombarded the Chancellery.

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How to approach this question: This is an informal (friendly) letter narrating a holiday experience. It requires only the writer's address and date, an informal salutation ("Dear ..."), a warm, chatty register, and clear coverage of the four required points: customs, food, dress and way of life. Below is a model answer.

12 Oke-Ado Street,
Ibadan,
Oyo State.
10 July, 2026.

Dear Tunde,

How are you and how is your family? I have been longing to write to you ever since I returned from the most memorable holiday of my life. I spent the last three weeks with my friend, Musa, in Sokoto, and I simply must share with you all that I found so fascinating about the people there.

What struck me first was their customs. The people are extremely hospitable and respectful. A guest is treated like royalty, and the young greet their elders by kneeling or bowing, which touched me deeply. Their many festivals, especially the colourful Durbar, with its horses and parade, held me spellbound.

Their food was another delightful surprise. I tasted tuwo and miyan kuka for the first time, and I fell in love with their spicy suya and the sweet fura da nono they took every evening. It was so different from the amala we enjoy here.

Their dress also caught my eye. The men wore flowing babban riga with beautifully embroidered caps, while the women wrapped themselves in bright, patterned cloths and covered their heads gracefully. They looked truly dignified.

Finally, their way of life impressed me. They live in close-knit communities where neighbours share everything and no one goes hungry. Farming and trading are their mainstay, and life moves at a calm, unhurried pace that made me feel completely at peace.

I have returned home richer in experience and full of admiration for a people I once knew only from books. You must come with me next time so that you too can enjoy their warmth.

Do extend my greetings to your parents. I look forward to hearing from you soon.

Your friend,
Bola

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How to approach this question: This is a newspaper article. It requires a catchy title, the writer's name below the title (by-line), an introduction that states the problem, well-developed paragraphs on the dangers, and a concluding call to action. No address or salutation is needed. Below is a model answer.

DRUG ABUSE: THE SILENT KILLER OF OUR YOUTHS

By Ngozi Okafor

Across the length and breadth of our nation, a silent enemy is destroying the flower of our youth. That enemy is drug abuse, the misuse of substances such as Indian hemp, cocaine, tramadol, codeine and other harmful substances. Day after day, promising young men and women are wasting away because they have fallen into this deadly trap. It is high time the whole society woke up to the dangers that lie ahead.

The first and most obvious danger of drug abuse is the destruction of health. Hard drugs damage the brain, the heart, the liver and the lungs. Many addicts have lost their sanity and now roam the streets as a pitiable sight, while others have died in the prime of life. No amount of pleasure is worth such a price.

Secondly, drug abuse ruins the future of the youth. A student who takes to drugs loses concentration, fails his examinations and eventually drops out of school. The dreams of the parents who laboured to train him are dashed, and society loses a mind that might have become a doctor, an engineer or a leader.

Thirdly, drug abuse fuels crime and violence. Under the influence of these substances, young people commit armed robbery, rape, cultism and even murder. Many of the atrocities reported daily in the media are traceable to minds that have been poisoned by drugs.

Finally, drug abuse brings shame and sorrow to families. The addict becomes a burden and a source of endless grief to his parents, and the good name of the family is dragged in the mud.

What must be done? Parents must watch over their children and teach them the dangers of drugs early. Schools should intensify enlightenment campaigns, while government must strengthen the agencies fighting the drug trade and provide rehabilitation centres for victims. Above all, our youths must learn to say a firm "No" to drugs.

The battle against drug abuse is a battle for the survival of our nation. If we fail to act now, we may wake up to find that we have lost an entire generation. The time to save our youths is now.