JAMB UTME - Computer Studies - 2023

The following are the methods of file security except

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The methods of file security are
- Use of back-ups
- Use of anti-virus
- Password
- Proper label of storage devices.

Translators are type of ?

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Translators are types of software that help convert one form of code or language into another. They are used to facilitate communication between different components of a computer system.
System software is a broad category of software that includes translators as one of its components. Translators are needed to convert high-level programming languages, such as C++ or Java, into a form that can be understood and executed by the computer's hardware.
An operating system is another type of software that manages the computer's resources and provides a platform for other software applications to run. While an operating system may include translators as part of its functionality, translators themselves are not considered to be an operating system.
Utility programs are software tools that assist with system maintenance, optimization, and troubleshooting. While some utility programs may include rudimentary translators for specific tasks, such as language translation tools, translators are not typically considered to be utility programs.
Application software refers to programs that are designed to perform specific tasks for the user, such as word processors, spreadsheet applications, or web browsers. Translators are not typically included as part of application software, although some specific applications may include their own translators for specific purposes.
In summary, translators are a type of software that fall under the category of system software. They are used to convert programming languages into a format that can be understood and executed by the computer's hardware.

The connection between two or more computers to share resources or allow electronic communication is called ?

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The correct answer is Network.
A network is a connection between two or more computers that allows them to share resources and communicate electronically. It's like a virtual highway that enables computers to send and receive information to and from each other.
Imagine you have a group of friends who want to share their toys. Instead of each person having their own toys, they decide to share and play together. They form a network, where they can exchange toys and communicate with one another.
Similarly, in the world of computers, a network allows computers to connect and share resources such as files, printers, and internet access. It enables us to send emails, browse the internet, and even play online games with others.
Networks can be wired or wireless. Wired networks use physical cables to connect computers, like an electric wire connecting different devices. On the other hand, wireless networks use signals, like Wi-Fi, to transmit information without the need for physical cables.
In summary, a network is the connection between computers that allows them to share resources and communicate electronically. It's like a virtual highway that enables computers to exchange information and work together.

What does R stands for in the CRUD acronym ?

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In the CRUD acronym, R stands for 'Read'. CRUD stands for Create, Read, Update, and Delete. These are the four basic functions of persistent storage in databases.

Which of the following controls the way in which the computer system functions and provides a means by which users can interact with the computer.

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The correct answer is the operating system.
The operating system is like the boss of the computer. It controls the way the computer system functions and provides a means for users to interact with the computer.
It is responsible for managing all the software and hardware resources of the computer, such as the CPU (Central Processing Unit), memory, and input/output devices.
The operating system also allows users to run different programs and applications on the computer. It provides a user-friendly interface, like a graphical user interface (GUI) or a command-line interface, to interact with the computer easily.
Furthermore, it handles tasks like file management, security, and ensuring different programs run smoothly without interfering with each other.
In simple terms, the operating system is the backbone of the computer, keeping everything organized and running smoothly so that users can effectively use and navigate their computer.

The first step in a CPU instruction cycle is

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The first step in a CPU instruction cycle is Fetch.
During the Fetch step, the CPU retrieves the next instruction from the memory. This instruction is stored in the instruction register (IR) so that it can be processed further.
The Fetch step involves the following sub-steps: 1. The Program Counter (PC) keeps track of the memory address of the next instruction to be fetched. Initially, it points to the starting memory address where the program begins. 2. The PC value is transferred to the memory address register (MAR), which holds the memory address we want to access. 3. The control unit sends a request to the memory unit to access the memory location specified by the MAR. 4. The memory unit retrieves the instruction from the specified memory address and sends it back to the CPU. This instruction is stored in the Memory Data Register (MDR). 5. The content of the MDR is then transferred to the Instruction Register (IR), where it is held until further processing.
In simple terms, the Fetch step is like going to the supermarket and getting the shopping list (instruction) of what items you need to purchase. The CPU fetches the next instruction from the memory so that it knows what operation it needs to perform next.

Which of the following is the standard keyboard layout ?

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The standard keyboard layout is called QWERTY. It is the most commonly used keyboard layout in many English-speaking countries.
The name "QWERTY" comes from the first six letters in the top row of the keyboard. This layout was designed more than a century ago for typewriters and was carried over to computer keyboards. It was created to prevent mechanical jams on typewriters by placing commonly used letters further apart from each other.
The QWERTY layout is characterized by the arrangement of letters, numbers, symbols, and function keys on the keyboard. The letters are organized in a specific order, with the most frequently used characters placed in easily accessible positions. The layout also includes a number pad on the right side and function keys at the top.
While some alternative keyboard layouts, such as Dvorak and AZERTY, have been developed to potentially improve typing speed and efficiency, QWERTY remains the standard and is widely accepted and recognized. It has become ingrained in our typing habits and is supported by operating systems and software applications.
Overall, the QWERTY keyboard layout is the most widely used and recognized standard layout that allows for efficient and accurate typing for the majority of English-speaking users.

The Output will be a HIGH for any case when one or more inputs are one for a(an)

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The output of an OR gate will be HIGH when one or more inputs are one. This means that if at least one of the inputs to the OR gate is set to one, the output of the gate will also be one. To understand why this is the case, let's take a look at the behavior of an OR gate. An OR gate takes two or more inputs and produces an output based on the logical OR operation. The logical OR operation is a binary operation that returns true (or HIGH) if at least one of its operands is true (or HIGH). In an OR gate, if any of the inputs is set to one, it will cause the output of the gate to be one. This is because the logical OR operation returns true (or HIGH) when at least one of its operands is true (or HIGH). It does not matter whether the other inputs are set to zero or one. As long as there is at least one input that is set to one, the output of the OR gate will be one. On the other hand, if all the inputs to the OR gate are set to zero, the output of the gate will be zero. This is because the logical OR operation returns false (or LOW) only when all its operands are false (or LOW). So, in summary, the output of an OR gate will be HIGH when one or more inputs are set to one. It does not matter whether the other inputs are set to zero or one. As long as there is at least one input that is set to one, the output of the OR gate will be one.

Analog, digital and hybrid computers are classification of computers based on

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Analog, digital, and hybrid computers are classifications of computers based on the type of data-handling techniques.
Analog computers work with continuous data, such as measurements from sensors or physical quantities like temperature, pressure, or voltage. They perform mathematical operations using physical components like resistors, capacitors, and amplifiers. Analog computers are able to handle complex calculations quickly and are commonly used in scientific and engineering applications.
Digital computers, on the other hand, work with discrete data, represented as binary numbers (0s and 1s). They use electronic circuits called logic gates to perform calculations and store and manipulate data digitally. Digital computers are highly versatile and can perform a wide range of tasks, from simple calculations to complex simulations and data processing. They are the most common type of computer used in everyday life.
Hybrid computers combine the advantages of both analog and digital computers. They have the ability to handle real-world, continuous data as well as process and analyze digital information. Hybrid computers often consist of an analog component for data acquisition and a digital component for data processing and storage. They are commonly used in applications such as control systems, simulations, and scientific research.
In summary, the classification of computers into analog, digital, and hybrid is based on the type of data-handling techniques they employ. Analog computers handle continuous data, digital computers process discrete data, and hybrid computers combine both approaches for enhanced capabilities.

At what stage in system development life cycle are all data documented in the form of detailed data flow diagrams(DFDs)

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All data is documented in the form of detailed data flow diagrams (DFDs) during the System Analysis stage in the System Development Life Cycle.
During the System Analysis stage, the focus is on understanding the current system, identifying its strengths and weaknesses, and gathering requirements for the new system. This is done through various techniques such as interviews, observations, and analyzing documents.
One of the important tasks in this stage is data modeling, which involves identifying the various data inputs, outputs, processes, and storage within the system. Data flow diagrams (DFDs) are commonly used for visualizing and documenting the flow of data between these components.
DFDs provide a clear and graphical representation of how data moves within the system, showing the processes that transform the data, the data stores that hold the data, and the data flows that connect these elements. They help in understanding the overall data flow within the system and in identifying potential issues or bottlenecks.
By creating detailed DFDs, all the data and their associated flows are documented explicitly, ensuring that no important data flows are overlooked during the system development process. This documentation becomes a valuable reference for system designers, developers, and stakeholders throughout the project.
To summarize, during the System Analysis stage of the System Development Life Cycle, detailed data flow diagrams (DFDs) are created to document and visualize the flow of data within the system. These DFDs provide a clear representation of the data inputs, outputs, processes, and storage and become an essential reference for the development team.

A type of application software that combines the abilities of several general purpose applications in one program is ?

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Integrated Packages is the type of application software that combines the abilities of several general purpose applications in one program.
Imagine you have different applications on your computer - one for creating documents, another for working with spreadsheets, and another for creating presentations. With an integrated package, you don't need to open separate applications for each task. Instead, you have one program that can do all of these things.
For example, you can create a document, add tables or charts from a spreadsheet, and include images or diagrams from a presentation - all within the same program. This makes it convenient and efficient to handle multiple tasks without switching between different software.
Integrated packages provide a seamless user experience by allowing users to easily switch between different functions within the same program. They help to streamline workflow and eliminate the need to learn and navigate multiple software applications.
In summary, integrated packages simplify the process of using different applications by combining them into one program, making it easier and more efficient to complete various tasks without the need for separate software programs.

What is the shortcut for creating a new document ?

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The shortcut for creating a new document is Ctrl + N.
To explain it simply, when you press the Ctrl key and at the same time press the N key on your keyboard, you will trigger a command that tells the program you are using to create a new document.
This shortcut is commonly used across many different programs and applications, such as word processors, text editors, and graphic design software. It is a quick and convenient way to start a new project or file without needing to manually navigate through menus or use your mouse. It saves time and helps streamline your workflow.

___ is the type of computer that is designed to operate on two states, 0 and 1.

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A digital computer is the type of computer that is designed to operate on two states, 0 and 1. These states are known as binary digits or bits. The computer uses these bits to represent and process information.
In a digital computer, information is stored and manipulated using binary digits. Each bit can represent either a 0 or a 1. By combining these bits, the computer can represent and process complex information.
Digital computers work by using electronic circuits that can switch between the two states, 0 and 1. These circuits are composed of transistors, which act as switches that control the flow of electricity.
When the transistor is on, it represents a 1, and when it is off, it represents a 0. By arranging these transistors in various configurations, digital computers can perform calculations, store data, and execute instructions.
The advantage of using a digital computer is that it can perform calculations and process data with great accuracy and reliability. By representing information in binary form, digital computers can easily process and manipulate large amounts of data quickly and efficiently.
In summary, a digital computer is a type of computer that operates on the binary system, using two states, 0 and 1, to represent and process information. It is designed to perform calculations and handle complex tasks by manipulating these binary digits using electronic circuits and transistors.

What is the function of the escape key ?

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The function of the escape key is to interrupt or cancel the current process or running program. It allows you to stop or exit a task or operation that is currently running on your computer.
When you press the escape key, it sends a signal to the operating system or software to halt or terminate the task it is performing. This can be useful in situations where a program is not responding or if you want to cancel a certain action that you initiated.
For example, if you are running a program and it becomes unresponsive or freezes, pressing the escape key can help you exit the program and regain control of your computer. It can also be used to cancel a command or close a dialog box that you no longer want to proceed with.
In summary, the escape key serves as a way to interrupt or cancel ongoing processes or programs on your computer.

What is the difference between internal and external modem

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Internal modems are commonly found as expansion cards that are installed inside a computer. They usually connect to the motherboard using a PCI or ISA slot. These modems are not visible externally and are integrated into the computer's hardware.
External modems, on the other hand, are separate devices that are connected to the computer externally. These modems are typically plugged into a serial port on the computer or connect using a USB port. They are not installed inside the computer's casing like internal modems.
In summary, the main difference between internal and external modems lies in their physical connection to the computer. Internal modems are expansion cards installed inside the computer, while external modems are separate devices that connect to the computer externally.

The last cycle of data processing where data and information are preserved for future is called

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The last cycle of data processing where data and information are preserved for future is called storage.
During the storage phase, the processed data is saved and kept in a safe place for future use. This is important because it allows us to access and retrieve the information whenever we need it.
Think of it like this: when you finish cooking a delicious meal, you don't immediately serve it and eat it. You first store it in the refrigerator to keep it fresh and save it for later. In the same way, data is stored so that it can be accessed and used in the future.
Storage can be done in various forms, such as on physical devices like hard drives, CDs, or USB flash drives. It can also be stored online, in what we call cloud storage.
By storing data, we ensure its longevity and availability for future analysis and decision-making. It helps us keep valuable information safe and organized. So, storage is the correct answer in this case.

What part of the central processing unit coordinates other units and manages the computer resources ?

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The part of the central processing unit (CPU) that coordinates other units and manages computer resources is the Control unit.
The Control unit is like the brains of the CPU. It directs and coordinates the activities of other units, such as the Memory unit, Arithmetic Logic unit, and coordinating unit. Its main job is to fetch, decode, and execute instructions from the computer's memory.
The Control unit controls the flow of data and instructions between different parts of the CPU and other components of the computer system. It ensures that each instruction is carried out in the correct sequence and at the right time. It also manages the allocation of computer resources, such as memory and processing power, to different tasks and programs running on the computer.
In simpler terms, you can think of the Control unit as the conductor of an orchestra. It keeps everyone in sync and ensures that each musician plays their part at the right time. Similarly, the Control unit coordinates the different units of the CPU and manages resources to ensure the smooth operation of the computer.

which communication channel allows the sending of information in one direction only?

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Simplex mode is the communication channel that allows the sending of information in one direction only. This means that the communication can only occur from one end to the other without any feedback or response from the receiving end.
In simplex mode, the sender can transmit data, but the receiver cannot respond or send any data back. It is like a one-way street where there is only traffic going in one direction. This mode is commonly used for broadcasting or when there is no need for a response or feedback from the receiver.
For example, think of a television broadcast. The television station transmits the signal to your TV set but there is no way for your TV set to send any information back to the station using the same channel. The communication is strictly one-way.
In summary, simplex mode allows for communication to occur in only one direction, with the sender transmitting information but the receiver unable to respond or send data back.

The first stage of data processing activities is ?

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The first stage of data processing activities is Collection.
In this stage, data is gathered or collected from various sources. This can include surveys, forms, sensors, databases, and more. The goal is to gather all the necessary data that is required for analysis and processing.
During the collection stage, it is important to ensure that the data is accurate, complete, and reliable. This includes checking for any errors or inconsistencies in the data and verifying its authenticity.
Once the data is collected, it is then ready to be processed and analyzed. This involves performing various operations such as manipulation, conversion, and sorting on the data to extract meaningful insights and information.
Overall, the collection stage is critical in the data processing process as it lays the foundation for the subsequent stages. It ensures that the data is available and ready for further processing and analysis.

Which of the following is an example of graphics software ?

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Adobe Illustrator is an example of graphics software. This software is specifically designed for creating and editing vector graphics. Unlike other software that focuses on working with images made up of pixels, Adobe Illustrator allows users to create and manipulate illustrations using mathematical equations to define shapes and lines. This results in graphics that can be scaled to any size without losing any quality.
With Adobe Illustrator, users can draw, paint, and create complex shapes using a variety of tools and features. It provides a wide range of tools, including Pen Tool, Shape Builder Tool, and Live Paint Bucket, that allow users to create and edit paths, shapes, and colors.
This software also offers advanced features like the ability to create gradients, apply special effects, and work with layers to organize and manage different elements of a graphic. Users can also import and export files in various formats, making it compatible with other design software and allowing for seamless collaboration with others.
Adobe Illustrator is widely used by artists, designers, and illustrators in various industries such as advertising, publishing, and web design. It provides a powerful and versatile platform for creating stunning visual content, from logos and icons to illustrations and infographics. The software's intuitive interface and extensive range of tools make it accessible to both beginners and professionals in the field of graphic design.

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A nibble is a four-bit aggregation, or half an octet. It is also known as half-byte or tetrade. In a networking or telecommunication context, the nibble is often called a semi-octet, quadbit, or quartet. A nibble has sixteen (2^4) possible values.

An action performed in the GUI operating systems to hide a window but keep the program running in the background is ?

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The action performed in GUI operating systems to hide a window but keep the program running in the background is called minimize.
When you minimize a window, it is removed from the visible desktop space and displayed as a smaller icon or thumbnail on the taskbar or dock, depending on your operating system. This allows you to have multiple programs running simultaneously without cluttering up your screen.
Minimizing a window is useful when you want to keep a program running in the background but don't need immediate access to it. For example, if you are working on a document in Microsoft Word and want to quickly check your email, you can minimize the Word window to temporarily hide it and then switch to your email program. This way, the Word program is still running and you can easily restore it when you need to continue working on the document.
Minimizing a window does not close the program or terminate any ongoing processes. It simply hides the window from view and allows the program to continue running in the background. This is a convenient way to manage and organize multiple tasks on your computer without overcrowding your screen.
To summarize, minimizing a window in a GUI operating system is the action of hiding a window while keeping the program running in the background. It helps to manage and switch between multiple programs efficiently, without closing or terminating any ongoing processes.

Which of the following is not a third generation language?

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Assembly language is not a third-generation language.
First-generation languages are machine languages, which directly correspond to the instructions understood by a computer's hardware. It is difficult for humans to understand and use machine language directly.
Second-generation languages, such as assembly languages, use symbolic representations of the machine instructions. They are more readable and easier to use than machine languages. Assembly language instructions are specific to a particular computer architecture and closely related to the computer's hardware.
Third-generation languages are higher-level programming languages designed to be more programmer-friendly. They are further away from the computer's hardware and closer to human language. These languages are designed to be independent of any specific computer architecture. Examples of third-generation languages include FORTRAN, COBOL, and Basic.
Therefore, assembly language is not a third-generation language, as it is a second-generation language.

Which of the following is not an example of graphics packages

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Quattro Pro is not a graphics package. It is a spreadsheet program developed by Borland and now managed by Corel. It provides tools for data management and analysis. Havard Graphics, Freelance, and Corel Draw are examples of graphics packages. They provide tools for creating and editing images, drawings, and illustrations.

The logic gate in the figure above is

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The logic gate in the figure above is an **XOR gate**.

An XOR gate, also known as an Exclusive OR gate, is a digital logic gate that performs an exclusive OR operation. It has two input terminals and one output terminal. The output of an XOR gate is true (1) when the two input signals are different, and false (0) when the two input signals are the same.

In the figure, the gate has two inputs labeled A and B, and one output labeled O. Based on the connections, we can deduce that this gate is an XOR gate. If A and B are different, the output will be true (1). If A and B are the same, the output will be false (0).

The default file extension for PowerPoint version 2007 and newer is ?

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The default file extension for PowerPoint version 2007 and newer is .pptx.
PowerPoint is a popular software program used for creating and presenting slideshows. When you save your presentation in PowerPoint 2007 or a newer version, it automatically saves it with the extension .pptx.
The file extension .pptx stands for PowerPoint XML, which represents the XML-based file format used by Microsoft PowerPoint. XML, or Extensible Markup Language, is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable.
The .pptx file format introduced in PowerPoint 2007 offers various advantages over the previous .ppt format used in earlier versions. It allows for more efficient and compact storage of slide data, improved compatibility with other software, and support for advanced features and functionalities in PowerPoint.
By default, PowerPoint 2007 and newer versions save presentations as .pptx to ensure compatibility with the latest features and enhancements. However, it is important to note that PowerPoint also provides options to save presentations in other formats like .ppt, .pps, and .ppxt, which may be useful in specific scenarios or for compatibility with older versions of PowerPoint or other software applications.
In summary, the default file extension for PowerPoint version 2007 and newer is .pptx. This file format is based on XML and offers advantages in terms of efficiency, compatibility, and support for advanced features.

Which of these criteria is not important while classifying files ?

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The criteria that is not important while classifying files is the storage medium.
When classifying files, it is essential to consider various factors to ensure efficient organization and retrieval. However, the storage medium plays a minimal role in classifying files.
The organization method is significant because it determines the structure and arrangement of files. It helps in categorizing files into specific groups or folders based on their similarities or relationships. This makes it easier to locate and access files when needed.
The nature of content in the file is also crucial in classification. It involves understanding the purpose, subject, or topic of the file. By considering the content, files can be grouped together based on common characteristics, such as documents related to finances, marketing, or operations. This classification enables better organization and retrieval when specific information is required.
Another important criterion is the size of the file. File sizes may vary, and considering size during classification helps manage storage capacity effectively. Large files may require additional storage resources or special handling, while smaller files may be grouped together for efficient utilization of space.
However, the storage medium does not significantly impact classification. It refers to the physical or digital medium where the file is stored, such as hard drives, cloud storage, or external devices. While the choice of storage medium affects file management and accessibility, it does not directly influence the process of classifying files based on their organization method, nature of content, or size.
In conclusion, while organization method, nature of content, and size of the file are essential criteria for file classification, the storage medium does not significantly contribute to the classification process.

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Using Boolean identities, the given Boolean expression A(A+1) + A(B+0) + C.1 can be reduced as follows: A.1 + A.B + C = A + A.B + C = A + C. The Boolean identity A + A.B = A is used here, which states that if A is true, the whole expression is true regardless of the value of B.

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Out of the given options, Linux is not an application software.

Application software refers to programs or software that are designed to perform specific tasks or applications for users. They are user-oriented and provide functionalities to satisfy user needs.

MS Word and Corel Draw are both examples of application software. MS Word is a word processing software used for creating, editing, and formatting documents, while Corel Draw is a graphic design software used for creating illustrations, layouts, and vector graphics.

On the other hand, Linux is not an application software but an operating system. Linux is an open-source operating system that provides the foundation and framework for running various software applications. It manages the computer's hardware, runs system processes, and provides a platform for other software to run on.

So, to summarize, Linux is not an application software but an operating system, while MS Word and Corel Draw are examples of application software that perform specific tasks for users.

The two types of operating system are

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The two types of operating systems are command line and graphical user interface.
A command-line interface (CLI) is a text-based interface where the user interacts with the computer by typing commands. The user enters specific commands and the computer responds accordingly. This type of interface is typically used by more advanced users or those who prefer a more hands-on approach. It allows for precise control over the system but requires knowledge of specific commands and syntax.
A graphical user interface (GUI) is a visual interface where the user interacts with the computer using icons, menus, and windows. It provides a more user-friendly and intuitive way of interacting with the computer. Instead of typing commands, users can simply click on icons or buttons to perform tasks. GUIs are widely used in modern operating systems and are often preferred by beginners or those who prefer a more visually appealing and user-friendly experience.
Overall, the key difference between command line and graphical user interface lies in the way users interact with the operating system. The command line requires typing commands, while the GUI provides a visual interface with icons and menus for interaction.

What generation of computer is characterized by the use of vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for main memory?

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The generation of computer characterized by the use of vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for main memory is the first generation of computers.
During this era, computers were built using vacuum tubes, which were large glass tubes that controlled the flow of electricity. These tubes functioned as switches and amplifiers for the computer's circuits. They were bulky, delicate, and generated a significant amount of heat, requiring expensive cooling systems.
Additionally, magnetic drums were used as the main memory device. These drums consisted of a metal cylinder coated with a ferromagnetic material, and data was stored and retrieved by magnetizing and sensing the magnetized spots on the drum's surface. However, magnetic drums were relatively slow and had limited storage capacity compared to modern memory technologies.
The first-generation computers were quite large and consumed a tremendous amount of power. They were also prone to frequent failures due to the fragility of vacuum tubes, which needed to be replaced regularly. Programming these computers involved using machine language or low-level programming languages.
Despite their limitations, first-generation computers were groundbreaking because they marked the beginning of electronic digital computing. They laid the foundation for future computer generations by demonstrating the potential for automated computation and inspiring advancements in technology that would lead to smaller, faster, and more reliable computers.
In summary, the first generation of computers utilized vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for main memory. These computers were significant in terms of their pioneering role in electronic digital computing, even though they were large, expensive, and less efficient compared to modern computer systems.

The process where a programmer converts a program specifications into computer instructions is called ?

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The process where a programmer converts program specifications into computer instructions is called Coding.
Coding is the step-by-step process of translating program specifications, which are the specific requirements and functionalities of a program, into a language that a computer can understand.
During coding, the programmer writes lines of code using a specific programming language. This is similar to writing a set of instructions that the computer will follow to perform the desired tasks. Each line of code has a specific purpose and contributes to the overall functionality of the program.
The coding process involves breaking down the program specifications into smaller logical units or modules. Each module is then written as a series of instructions, using proper syntax and following the rules of the programming language being used.
Once the coding is complete, the programmer saves the code in a file, typically with a specific file extension that corresponds to the programming language. The code is then ready to be compiled or interpreted by the computer, which converts it into machine-readable instructions for execution.
In summary, coding is the process of translating program specifications into a language that computers can understand, by writing lines of code that specify the desired functionality of the program.

One of the following is not a good way to prevent virus.

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Carelessly exposing your vital and personal information is not a good way to prevent viruses.
Exposing your vital and personal information without caution makes it easier for hackers and malicious software to gain access to your sensitive data. This can lead to various cyber threats, including viruses, malware, and identity theft. It is crucial to protect your information by practicing safe browsing habits, being cautious about sharing personal details online, and avoiding suspicious websites or links.
However, encryption, the use of a firewall, and antivirus software are effective ways to prevent viruses:
- Encryption involves converting your data into a coded form that can only be accessed with a decryption key. It ensures that even if someone gains unauthorized access to your data, they won't be able to understand or use it. Encryption is commonly used for secure communication and storage of sensitive information. It adds an extra layer of protection and makes it difficult for viruses or unauthorized users to exploit your data.
- A firewall acts as a protective barrier between your computer network and the outside world, monitoring incoming and outgoing traffic. It helps block suspicious or potentially harmful connections, preventing viruses and other malicious software from entering your system. A firewall can be physical hardware or software-based, often included in modern routers and operating systems.
- Antivirus software is designed to detect, prevent, and remove malicious software, including viruses. It scans files and programs for known patterns or behaviors associated with malware, blocking or quarantining infected items to protect your computer. Antivirus software should be regularly updated to stay up to date with the latest threats and provide maximum protection. It is an essential tool in safeguarding your computer and data against viruses.
In summary, while carelessly exposing your vital and personal information puts you at risk, encryption, the use of a firewall, and antivirus software are effective measures to prevent viruses and maintain a secure computing environment.

Translating the problem statement into a series of sequential steps describing what the program must do is known as

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Translating the problem statement into a series of sequential steps describing what the program must do is known as creating the algorithm. This process involves breaking down the problem into smaller, manageable tasks and organizing them in a logical order. The algorithm serves as a roadmap or a set of instructions for the program to follow in order to solve the problem effectively. It helps the programmer in understanding the problem, designing the solution, and implementing it correctly. Once the algorithm is created, it serves as the foundation for the coding phase, where the programmer will write the actual program based on the steps outlined in the algorithm. Therefore, the correct option is creating the algorithm.

If the control unit controls other units of the CPU, which unit stores instructions,data and intermediate results.

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The unit that stores instructions, data, and intermediate results in a CPU is the Memory unit.
The Memory unit plays a crucial role in a computer system as it is responsible for storing and retrieving data and instructions that are needed for the CPU to execute tasks. It provides a place for the CPU to read data from and write data to.
When a program is executed, the instructions and data required by the CPU are loaded into the Memory unit. This allows the CPU to easily access and manipulate the information needed to perform calculations or carry out operations.
The Memory unit can be thought of as a large storage area or workspace where the CPU can temporarily store and retrieve information as needed. It consists of different types of memory, such as the cache, random access memory (RAM), and read-only memory (ROM).
The control unit of the CPU is responsible for coordinating and controlling the activities of other units, including the Memory unit. It fetches instructions from the Memory unit and directs the necessary data to be accessed or stored in the Memory unit. However, it is important to note that the Control unit itself does not store instructions, data, or intermediate results. It mainly focuses on facilitating the execution of instructions and coordinating the flow of data between different units.
The Arithmetic section of the CPU performs arithmetic calculations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. However, it does not directly store instructions, data, or intermediate results. Its role is primarily to carry out mathematical operations on data provided by the Memory unit.
The Logic section of the CPU handles logical operations like comparisons and logical decisions. Similar to the Arithmetic section, it does not store instructions, data, or intermediate results on its own, but rather operates on data accessed from the Memory unit.
In summary, while the Control unit controls other units of the CPU, it is the Memory unit that stores instructions, data, and intermediate results. The Memory unit serves as a central storage space for the CPU, allowing it to efficiently access and manipulate the information necessary for processing tasks.

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The priority in technical feasibility is to determine whether the problem can be solved using existing technology and resources available. This means considering whether the necessary tools, equipment, and knowledge are currently accessible to develop a solution for the problem at hand. While considering technical feasibility, it is important to assess if the problem can be solved within the user's environment, as well as if the likely benefits outweigh the cost of solving the problem. However, these factors are secondary to ensuring that the problem can be addressed using the existing technology and resources available. Solving a problem without causing any social issues is not specifically related to technical feasibility, but it is an important consideration overall. It falls under the broader category of social feasibility, which addresses the potential impact and consequences of solving a problem on society. In summary, the primary focus in technical feasibility is to determine if the problem can be solved using existing technology and resources available.

Who invented the Napier Bones

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The inventor of the Napier Bones was John Napier.
Napier Bones are a computational device that was invented by John Napier in the early 17th century. They are a manual tool used for multiplication and division, and they were developed as an aid to calculation.
The Napier Bones consist of a series of rods or bones, usually made of wood or metal, with numbers inscribed on them. Each bone is divided into compartments, with the numbers in each compartment representing different powers of 10. The numbers in each row of bones are positioned diagonally, and when aligned properly, they allow for quick and efficient calculations.
To perform multiplication using Napier Bones, the bones corresponding to the multiplicand and multiplier are placed alongside each other, with the number compartments aligned. The intersections of the numbers are then summed up diagonally to obtain the result.
For division, Napier Bones are similar but used in a slightly different way. The divisor is placed on the top bone, and the dividend is placed below it. The quotients are obtained by looking at the numbers in each diagonal row and combining them.
The advantage of the Napier Bones is that they allow for quick and accurate calculations without the need for complex mathematical operations. They were widely used in their time, especially by merchants, accountants, and engineers, who relied on accurate calculations for their work.
Therefore, it was John Napier who invented the Napier Bones, as a valuable tool that simplified and hastened mathematical operations during the 17th century.

The closest computer language to human is ?

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The closest computer language to human is High level language.
High level languages are designed to be easy for humans to read, write, and understand. They use natural language keywords and phrases that resemble English or other human languages. This makes it easier for programmers to express their thoughts and intentions in a way that is more familiar and intuitive.
High level languages are designed to be more abstract and closer to the way humans think, allowing programmers to focus on solving problems rather than worrying about the low-level details of the computer hardware. They use variables, functions, and objects to represent real-world concepts, making the code more readable and maintainable.
Examples of widely used high-level languages include Python, Java, C++, and JavaScript. These languages have a wide range of built-in libraries and tools that make it easier for programmers to solve complex problems without having to understand the inner workings of the computer.
In summary, high level languages are the closest computer languages to human because they are designed to be easy to read, write, and understand, allowing programmers to focus on solving problems using natural language keywords and phrases.

EDVAC was produced using which of these concepts ?

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The EDVAC was produced using the concept of stored program. The stored program concept is a fundamental idea in computer architecture where both the program instructions and the data to be processed are stored in the same memory. This means that the computer can retrieve instructions from memory, process them, and then store the results back into memory.
In the context of the EDVAC, this concept allowed for significant flexibility and advancement in computing. Before the advent of the stored program concept, computers were designed to perform specific tasks and their programs were hardwired into the machine. Any changes or modifications to the program required physically rewiring the circuits.
However, with the introduction of the stored program concept, the EDVAC and subsequent computers became programmable machines. The instructions and data required by a program could be stored in memory, making it easier to modify, update, and reuse programs without rewiring the computer hardware.
This concept revolutionized computing by allowing for the development of more advanced and versatile computers. The EDVAC, utilizing the stored program concept, became a pivotal milestone in the history of computing and laid the foundation for the modern computers we use today.

The term used to describe when new information replaces old information or data is

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The term used to describe when new information replaces old information or data is overwrite.
When we talk about overwriting, it means that we are replacing or writing new data on top of existing data. Imagine you have a piece of paper with some writing on it. Now, if you write something else on top of that existing writing, you are overwriting it.
Similarly, in the context of information or data stored in a computer or any other storage device, when new information is written over the old information, it is called overwriting. This can happen when you save a file with new data, and it replaces the old data that was there before.
It's important to note that when data is overwritten, the old information is completely replaced and cannot be recovered unless a backup copy was made. So, if you accidentally overwrite a file that you needed, it may be permanently lost.
To summarize, overwriting is the term used to describe the process of replacing old information or data with new information.