JAMB UTME - Geography - 2018

Latitude 66 and half marks the____________

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Latitude 66 and a half (66.5) marks the Arctic Circle. The Arctic Circle is an imaginary line that circles the Earth at approximately 66.5 degrees latitude, which is located in the northern hemisphere. This line marks the southernmost point at which the sun can remain continuously above or below the horizon for a full 24 hours, depending on the time of year. Therefore, if you are at a location with latitude 66.5 degrees or higher, it means that you are within the Arctic Circle and can experience the phenomenon of the midnight sun during the summer solstice, where the sun remains above the horizon for a full 24 hours. In contrast, during the winter solstice, the sun will not rise above the horizon at all, resulting in 24 hours of darkness. Hence, the correct answer is: - Arctic Circle

One of the leading industrial nations of the world ranking second in manufacturing output after the USA is__________

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Manufacturing industry in Japan is the most diversified with various advanced industries which are exceedingly successful. Japan's major export industries includes automobiles, consumer electronics, computers, semiconductors, and iron and steel. Additionally, key industries in Japan's economy are mining, nonferrous metals, petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, bioindustry, shipbuilding, aerospace, textiles, and processed foods

Which of the following is not a form of mass movement?

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The answer is "earthquake" as it is not a form of mass movement. Mass movement refers to the process by which large amounts of soil, rock, and other debris move down a slope under the influence of gravity. Landslides, rockslides, and talus creep are all examples of mass movement. An earthquake, on the other hand, is a sudden shaking of the earth's surface caused by the movement of tectonic plates. While earthquakes can cause landslides and other types of mass movement, the earthquake itself is not a form of mass movement. Instead, it is a geological event that can trigger mass movement in the surrounding area.

The plains formed when the slopes of mountains are worn back in arid and semi-arid regions my mechanical weathering is called_______

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The plains formed when the slopes of mountains are worn back in arid and semi-arid regions by mechanical weathering is called "Pediplains". Pediplains are a type of plain that form as a result of the gradual erosion and weathering of mountains and hills. They typically occur in arid and semi-arid regions where there is little vegetation to protect the land from erosion. Over time, as the wind, rain, and other natural forces wear away at the mountain slopes, sediment is carried downhill and deposited on the surrounding plain. This sediment can be made up of rocks, sand, and soil, and can create a relatively flat and gently sloping plain that extends out from the base of the mountain. Unlike other types of plains, such as alluvial plains or outwash plains, which are formed by water deposition, pediplains are formed by the mechanical weathering and erosion of rock and soil. They are typically found in regions where there is little precipitation and where the climate is dry and hot, which can help to speed up the weathering process.

Use the information given in the chart and answer the question. If the total population of the city is 500,000 what is the population of ward 4?

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Study the map and answer the question. The Area covered by the map is approximately

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Which of the following countries has the least potential for the production of steel?

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Among the options given, Cuba has the least potential for the production of steel. Cuba is a small island country in the Caribbean with a limited supply of natural resources, including iron ore and coal, which are essential raw materials for steel production. Cuba's iron reserves are low-quality and require significant processing to be suitable for steelmaking. Additionally, Cuba has limited access to modern steelmaking technology and expertise, which further restricts its potential for steel production. On the other hand, India, Japan, and Germany have significant potential for steel production. India is one of the world's largest producers of steel, with abundant iron ore reserves and a highly skilled workforce. Japan and Germany are also major players in the global steel industry, with advanced technology and ample access to raw materials.

In which of the following rock types is petroleum mainly found?

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Petroleum is mainly found in sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation and cementation of sediments, which can include organic matter such as dead plants and animals. Over time, this organic matter can become buried and subjected to heat and pressure, which can transform it into petroleum through a process called diagenesis. Petroleum is a fossil fuel that is composed of hydrocarbons, which are molecules made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms. The organic matter in sedimentary rocks that forms petroleum is usually derived from marine plants and animals that died and sank to the bottom of the ocean. Over time, these organic remains can be buried by layers of sediment, and the heat and pressure from the overlying rocks can cause them to be transformed into petroleum. While it is possible for petroleum to be found in other types of rocks, such as metamorphic rocks that have undergone extreme heat and pressure, sedimentary rocks are by far the most common type of rock that contains petroleum. This is because the process of petroleum formation requires the accumulation and burial of organic matter, which is most likely to occur in sedimentary environments such as oceans, lakes, and swamps.

The feature is one or the land forms associated with_________

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The feature associated with river erosion is valleys. River erosion occurs when a river's fast-moving water cuts into its riverbed and banks, causing the river to widen and deepen over time. This process creates steep-sided valleys that are wider at the bottom than at the top. The riverbed and banks are constantly being reshaped by the erosive forces of the water, which carry away sediment and rocks. Over time, the river's course may change as it continues to erode and deposit material, carving new valleys and leaving behind a signature of its past path in the form of terraces.

The oldest system of agriculture in Nigeria which now survives only in very remote areas is

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The oldest system of agriculture in Nigeria which now survives only in very remote areas is shifting cultivation, also known as slash-and-burn agriculture. Shifting cultivation involves cutting down a patch of forest or woodland, burning the vegetation, and planting crops in the ash-enriched soil. Farmers would use the land for a few years until the soil fertility decreases, then abandon it and move to a new area, leaving the old area to regenerate into forest or woodland. This practice was sustainable when population densities were low and farmers had access to vast areas of land. However, with the growth of population and increased pressure on land, shifting cultivation has become less sustainable, leading to soil degradation, deforestation, and loss of biodiversity. Today, shifting cultivation survives only in very remote areas, where population densities are still low and access to land is not restricted.

A river transport its load through the following processes except_________

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The river transports its load through three main processes: solution, traction, and suspension. Plucking is not a process by which a river transports its load. Solution is the process by which the river dissolves soluble minerals such as calcium and transports them in solution. Traction is the process by which larger and heavier particles such as boulders and pebbles are rolled or dragged along the riverbed. Suspension is the process by which smaller and lighter particles such as silt and clay are carried along in the flowing water. Plucking, on the other hand, is a process by which glaciers transport their load. It occurs when the glacier freezes onto rocks and then plucks them out as the glacier moves. This process is not applicable to rivers as they do not have the capability to freeze onto rocks and pluck them out.

The system of cultivation of tropical commercial crops estates is known as____________

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The system of cultivation of tropical commercial crops estates is known as plantation agriculture. Plantation agriculture refers to a large-scale farming system where a single crop is grown on a large piece of land, usually in tropical countries. This type of agriculture is characterized by the use of large amounts of land, labor, and capital to cultivate crops such as rubber, sugar, coffee, cocoa, and tea. These crops are grown for commercial purposes, and the aim is to produce large quantities of a single product for export. The crops are typically grown in monoculture, which means that only one type of crop is grown in a particular area. This type of agriculture is often associated with the exploitation of workers, environmental degradation, and social and economic inequality.

The greatest volcanic regions of Africa are found in

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The greatest volcanic regions of Africa are found in two main areas: Kenya and Tanzania, and Sudan and Ethiopia. In Kenya and Tanzania, the Great Rift Valley runs through the region and is home to some of the most iconic volcanic features on the continent. The valley is characterized by a series of interconnected volcanoes, hot springs, geysers, and lakes. The most famous volcanic peaks in the area are Mount Kilimanjaro, Mount Kenya, and Mount Meru. In Sudan and Ethiopia, the East African Rift Valley also runs through the region and is another hotspot for volcanic activity. The valley is home to a number of active and dormant volcanoes, including Erta Ale, Nyiragongo, and Mount Karthala. In addition, the region is known for its geothermal activity, with numerous hot springs and geysers dotting the landscape. Both of these regions are characterized by their tectonic activity, with the movement of the Earth's crust leading to the formation of rift valleys, which in turn create the conditions for volcanic activity. The result is a stunning and unique landscape that draws visitors from all over the world.

Which of these hazard would most like result directly from deforestation?

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Deforestation is the clearing of trees and other vegetation in a forested area. One of the most likely hazards that can result directly from deforestation is soil erosion. When trees are cut down, the roots that held the soil in place are also removed, leaving the soil exposed and vulnerable to erosion by wind and rain. With no tree cover to protect the soil, rainwater can wash away the topsoil, leading to soil erosion. This process can cause the soil to become less fertile, which can make it difficult for plants to grow and can ultimately lead to desertification. Additionally, deforestation can also lead to changes in the water cycle, which can result in decreased water availability, increased flooding, and other forms of water pollution. However, these hazards are less directly linked to deforestation than soil erosion.

A desert country which has a high population density supported by irrigation is___________

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Egypt is a desert country which has a high population density supported by irrigation. Irrigation is the process of supplying water to crops and lands to help them grow. In Egypt, the Nile River provides water for irrigation, allowing agriculture to flourish and supporting the country's large population. This is why Egypt is considered a good example of a desert country with a high population density that is supported by irrigation.

One of the following does not determine the availability of resources in a country____________

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Evolution does not determine the availability of resources in a country. Evolution refers to the gradual changes in species over time through the process of natural selection. It has no direct effect on the availability of resources in a country. Population, emigration, and morbidity, on the other hand, can influence the availability of resources in a country. A large population can lead to increased demand for resources, while emigration can decrease the number of people using those resources. Morbidity, or the rate of illness and disease in a population, can also impact the availability of resources, as a large portion of the population may require medical attention and resources.

The earth is enveloped by a mixture of gases referred to as the___________

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The answer is "atmosphere". The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth. It is made up of a mixture of gases, including nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases. The atmosphere protects the Earth from the harmful radiation from the sun and helps to regulate the temperature of the planet. It is divided into several layers, including the troposphere (where weather occurs) and the stratosphere (where the ozone layer is located). The atmosphere is essential for life on Earth, as it provides the air we breathe and plays a crucial role in the Earth's water cycle.

Use the diagram below to answer the question. The feature marked X in the diagram is a

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The feature marked X in the diagram is a cliff. A cliff is a high and steep rock face or earth surface that drops abruptly from a higher to a lower level. It can also be defined as a steep slope or vertical surface, especially one at the edge of a body of water like the ocean or a lake. The diagram shows a rocky surface that slopes down dramatically towards the water, which is a clear indication that it is a cliff.

Study the map and answer the question. Intervisibility is possible between the points marked X and Y because the intervening slope is

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A type of land-form that is associated with large scale orogeny is a

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A fold mountain is a type of land-form that is associated with large scale orogeny. In simple terms, orogeny is the process of mountain building, which occurs when two tectonic plates collide and push up the land between them. This process causes the rock layers to bend, fold and become uplifted, creating a fold mountain. Examples of fold mountains include the Rocky Mountains in North America and the Himalayas in Asia.

Study the map and answer the question. The bearing of Jata from Adaba is approximately

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To determine the approximate bearing of Jata from Adaba using the map, we need to look at the compass rose and use the scale provided. Looking at the compass rose, we can see that North is pointing towards the top of the map. To find the bearing of Jata from Adaba, we need to draw a straight line from Adaba to Jata on the map, and then measure the angle between this line and North using a protractor. Measuring this angle, we can see that it is approximately 21 degrees. Therefore, the bearing of Jata from Adaba is approximately 21°. Note that this is an approximation since we are using a ruler and protractor on a printed map, which may not be completely accurate. Additionally, the actual bearing of Jata from Adaba may differ slightly depending on the specific route taken.

A line joining places having an equal degree of cloudiness is an___________

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A line joining places having an equal degree of cloudiness is called an "isoneph". An "isoneph" is a line on a weather map that connects points of equal cloud cover. It helps meteorologists to understand the distribution of clouds in a particular area and to forecast weather patterns. By analyzing the movement of isonephes, they can predict changes in cloud cover and the potential for precipitation.

Which of the following winds affects the West Indian Islands of the Caribbean?

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Wind is the perceptible natural movement of the air, especially in the form of a current of air blowing from a particular direction

An instrument used for setting out right angle in surveying a parcel of land is

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Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, and science of determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional positions of points and the distances and angles between them

When the moon comes in between the earth and the sun________

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A solar eclipse occurs when the moon comes between the earth and the sun. During a solar eclipse, the moon blocks the sun's light and casts a shadow on the earth. This causes a temporary darkness in the middle of the day and is a spectacular sight to see. Solar eclipses can only happen during a full moon and are relatively rare events. They occur because the moon and the sun are exactly in line with the earth and the moon's shadow falls on the earth.

Along which latitude will be the day time be longest on Christmas day?

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All the following are environmental hazards except___________

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The environmental hazard among the given options that is not included is afforestation. Afforestation refers to the process of planting trees in an area where there was no forest, or the forest has been destroyed, and it is typically seen as a positive action for the environment. On the other hand, the other three options are environmental hazards that can have negative impacts on people and the environment. Flooding, for example, can lead to property damage, displacement of people, and loss of life. Vulcanicity, which refers to the movement of magma and volcanic activity, can result in the release of toxic gases, destruction of property, and loss of life. Deforestation, which is the clearing of forests for various human activities, can cause soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and contribute to climate change.

Soil conservation can be achieved through___________-

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Soil conservation is the preventing of soil loss from erosion or reduced fertility caused by over usage, acidification, salinization or other chemical soil contamination

The lack of access to food in some parts of the world emanates from

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The major environmental problem associated with Area marked Y is____________

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Environmental issues are harmful effects of human activity on the biophysical environment. South Eastern States of Nigeria are heavily affected by gully erosion due to their underlying geology and the serenity of their accompanied surface process.

Lake Kivu and Malawi are related in that they_________

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Lake Kivu and Lake Malawi are related in that they are both rift valley lakes. A rift valley lake is a type of lake that forms in a depression or basin created by tectonic activity. In the case of these two lakes, they were formed as a result of the East African Rift, which is a large geological rift that stretches for thousands of kilometers through Eastern Africa. The two lakes are located in different parts of the rift, with Lake Kivu in the western branch and Lake Malawi in the southern branch, but they share a common geological origin.

What type of climate has the station___________

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Climate is the weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period.

One basic mineral that is common to Sokoto, Ewekoro, Calabar and Nkalagu is

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The basic mineral that is common to Sokoto, Ewekoro, Calabar, and Nkalagu is limestone. Limestone is a sedimentary rock that is composed mainly of calcium carbonate, which is a mineral that is commonly found in the Earth's crust. It is a very versatile mineral that has a wide range of applications, including in the construction industry, as a raw material for cement production, and in agriculture as a soil conditioner. Sokoto, Ewekoro, Calabar, and Nkalagu are all regions in Nigeria that have abundant deposits of limestone. The limestone in these areas is of high quality and is a significant source of revenue for the local economy. It is usually mined from quarries and then processed into various forms for its different uses. Therefore, the basic mineral that is common to all these areas is limestone, which is an essential raw material for various industries and is vital for economic growth and development.

Use the diagram below to answer the question. The feature is one of the landforms associated with

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The feature in the diagram is a sand dune, which is a landform associated with wind deposition. Sand dunes are formed when wind carries sand particles and deposits them in a particular location, creating a mound of sand. Over time, as the wind continues to blow, the sand dune may shift or change in shape. Sand dunes can be found in deserts, on beaches, and in other areas with high wind activity.

Fluid basic lava flow is likely to give rise to a volcanic_____________

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A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.

Study the map and answer the question. Given that the area show on the map is in Northern Nigeria, which of the following crop combinations would best be cultivated in the area that is liable to flooding

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The ocean that connects Europe and America is the__________

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The ocean that connects Europe and America is the Atlantic Ocean. The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest ocean in the world, after the Pacific Ocean. It covers an area of about 106 million square kilometers and is bordered by Europe and Africa to the east, and by North and South America to the west. The Atlantic Ocean is important for global trade, as it provides a shipping route between Europe and America, and also plays a major role in the Earth's climate system.

The feature marked X in the diagram is a ________

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A sea stack is a geological land form consisting of a steep and often vertical column of rock in the sea near a coast.,formed by wave erosion.

Study the table given which shows the mean climatic conditions of station Q and answer the questions.

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The annual temperature range at station Q is calculated as the difference between the highest and the lowest temperature recorded in a year. The highest temperature recorded at the station in the given table is 19°C and the lowest temperature recorded is -11°C. Hence, the annual temperature range at the station Q is 19°C - (-11°C) = 30°C. So, the answer is 30°C.

Use the map below to answer the question. The most important minerals found in the area marked X are

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