JAMB UTME - Physical Education - 2022

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Self-medication is not a preventive measure for postural defect. Postural defect refers to an abnormal alignment of the body that can result from poor posture or habits, such as slouching, carrying heavy bags on one shoulder, or sitting for long periods without proper back support. Preventive measures for postural defect include adequate exercise, balanced diet, and good habit formation. Adequate exercise can help to strengthen the muscles that support good posture, while a balanced diet can provide the necessary nutrients for healthy bones and muscles. Good habit formation involves practicing good posture, taking breaks from prolonged sitting, and using proper lifting techniques. Self-medication, on the other hand, is not a preventive measure for postural defect and can actually be harmful if used improperly. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment of any postural defects.

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The ability to perform a specific activity without undue fatigue is called endurance. Endurance is the ability of the body to sustain prolonged physical or mental effort. It is commonly associated with activities such as running, swimming, cycling, and other forms of aerobic exercise. Improving endurance requires regular exercise that gradually increases in intensity and duration, as well as proper nutrition and rest. Endurance training can lead to a variety of health benefits, including improved cardiovascular health, increased energy levels, and reduced risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes and heart disease.

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The benefits that can be derived from female participation in sports include the development of a high sense of utility, the development of self-confidence, and promoting social adjustments. However, one benefit that is not associated with female participation in sports is promoting juvenile delinquency. Participating in sports provides various advantages for individuals, including females. It helps them develop a high sense of utility by allowing them to recognize and appreciate the value and usefulness of their abilities and skills. Through sports, females can gain a sense of achievement, personal growth, and fulfillment. Engaging in sports also contributes to the development of self-confidence in females. By setting goals, working hard, and improving their performance, they can build confidence in their abilities both on and off the sports field. This enhanced self-confidence can positively impact other areas of their lives, such as academics, relationships, and career pursuits. Sports also promote social adjustments among females. Participation in team sports or group activities fosters social interaction, cooperation, and teamwork. It provides opportunities to develop friendships, learn effective communication, and develop interpersonal skills. Through sports, females can develop a sense of belonging and connection with others, leading to improved social relationships and overall well-being. However, promoting juvenile delinquency is not a benefit associated with female participation in sports. On the contrary, sports involvement often serves as a positive outlet for energy and emotions, reducing the likelihood of engaging in delinquent behaviors. Sports teach discipline, responsibility, and goal-setting, which help females make positive choices and avoid engaging in delinquent activities. In summary, female participation in sports offers several benefits, including the development of a high sense of utility, self-confidence, and promoting social adjustments. However, it does not promote juvenile delinquency; rather, it serves as a positive influence and helps females lead healthy, productive lives.

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During physical exercise, the body requires more supply of oxygen. This is because during exercise, the body requires more energy to meet the demands of the muscles. Oxygen is required in the process of cellular respiration, which is the process that converts glucose and oxygen into energy in the form of ATP. When the muscles are working harder during exercise, they require more energy, and therefore require more oxygen to be delivered to them through the bloodstream. This is why breathing rate and heart rate increase during exercise, to help deliver more oxygen to the working muscles.

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The distance between the take-off board and the jumping pit is at most 3m.

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A physically fit person is not necessarily a tall and fat person

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The function of sports on modern day society that is not listed in the options is "Helps to reduce inflation". Sports can have various positive impacts on society such as promoting physical and mental health, enhancing social skills, fostering cultural exchange, and promoting national unity. Sports can also be used for economic and political purposes, as well as reducing tensions between individuals and communities. However, it is not directly related to reducing inflation, which is a macroeconomic phenomenon influenced by factors such as money supply and consumer demand.

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The straddle style is employed in the high jump. In the straddle technique, the athlete runs toward the bar, jumps and turns their body sideways to clear the bar with their stomach and legs. The straddle style was the dominant technique in the high jump until the Fosbury Flop was introduced in the 1960s.

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Drawing is not a scope of physical education. Physical education is a field that focuses on developing and improving an individual's physical fitness, motor skills, and overall health through various forms of exercise and physical activity. Athletics, coaching, and dancing are all related to physical activity and are included within the scope of physical education. Athletics involves sports and activities that require physical strength, speed, and endurance, such as running, jumping, and throwing. Coaching is the act of training individuals in specific sports or physical activities to improve their performance. Dancing involves movement and physical activity that can contribute to an individual's overall fitness and coordination. However, drawing is not related to physical activity or exercise, and therefore it is not considered a scope of physical education.

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The equipment used to play badminton game are racket and shuttle. The players use a lightweight racket to hit a shuttlecock (also called a birdie) back and forth over a high net in order to score points. The shuttlecock is made up of feathers or plastic materials, and it must be hit with the racket without touching the ground on the opponent's side of the net. The game can be played in singles or doubles, and it requires speed, agility, and hand-eye coordination.

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Mixed doubles in racket games is a format where two players, one male and one female, play together as a team against another team consisting of one male and one female player. The players take turns hitting the ball over the net and try to score points by making the ball land on the opponent's side of the court without the opponent being able to return it properly. Mixed doubles is played in several racket sports, including tennis, badminton, and table tennis.

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The desirable health practices include adequate diet, freedom from drugs (illegal drugs and misuse of prescription drugs), and immunization. However, self-medication is not a desirable health practice. Self-medication is when a person decides to take medication without consulting a doctor or a healthcare professional. This can be dangerous because the person may not know the correct dosage, potential side effects, or drug interactions. In some cases, self-medication can lead to serious health problems or even death. Therefore, it is important to consult a healthcare professional before taking any medication. On the other hand, adequate diet ensures that our body gets the necessary nutrients, vitamins, and minerals it needs to function properly. Freedom from drugs reduces the risk of addiction and its associated negative health effects. Immunization protects us from infectious diseases by making our immune system capable of fighting off specific viruses and bacteria. These are desirable health practices that can help maintain good health and prevent diseases.

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A good finishing in races is described as running through the finishing line. This means that the athlete maintains their speed and momentum until they completely cross the designated finishing line of the race. It is important for athletes to keep their focus and effort until the very end to achieve a strong finish. By running through the finishing line, athletes ensure that they complete the race in the most competitive and effective manner, maximizing their chances of achieving their best time or position. It demonstrates their determination, physical strength, and mental resilience to give their best effort until the race is officially completed.

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The game of football is played in two halves of 45 minutes each. This means that the total duration of the game is 90 minutes. After the first half, there is a break known as halftime, where the players rest and the coaches strategize for the remaining half of the game. In some cases, extra time may be added if there is a tie, and penalty shootouts may also be used to determine the winner if the scores remain tied after extra time.

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Triple jump is a track and field event that involves three consecutive jumps. The athlete begins by running down the track, then performs a hop, followed by a step, and finally a jump into a sandpit. The order of the three jumps must be maintained throughout the event and the distance of the final jump is measured to determine the winner. Therefore, the option that best describes triple jump is "hop, step and jump".

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NICEGA is a body responsible for the organization of sports and games among Nigerian colleges of education. NICEGA stands for Nigerian Colleges of Education Games Association. It is a national sports association that coordinates sports and games activities among colleges of education in Nigeria. NICEGA organizes an annual sporting event called the NICEGA Games, which brings together athletes from colleges of education across the country to compete in various sports and games. The aim of NICEGA is to promote sports development and encourage healthy competition among students in colleges of education. While other bodies such as the armed forces, polytechnics, and secondary schools may also have their own sports associations and organizations, NICEGA specifically focuses on sports and games activities among Nigerian colleges of education.

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Out of the recreational activities listed, walking is the best option for an elderly person. Walking is a low-impact exercise that is easy on the joints and can be done at a comfortable pace. It can also be done indoors or outdoors, depending on the individual's preference and ability. Walking is a great way to stay active and maintain overall health, as it helps to improve cardiovascular function, strengthen muscles, and improve balance and coordination. Additionally, walking is a social activity that can be enjoyed with friends or family, which can be beneficial for mental and emotional well-being.

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Insufficient warm-up activities may result in strain. Warm-up activities are essential before any physical activity as they help prepare the body for the upcoming demands. When warm-up activities are skipped or not enough, the body is not properly prepared for the physical activity, which may lead to muscle strain. Strain is an injury that happens when muscles are overworked or stretched beyond their limit, leading to muscle tear or damage. This can cause pain, soreness, and in severe cases, may require medical attention to heal. Therefore, it is important to engage in sufficient warm-up activities before any physical activity to reduce the risk of strain and other injuries.

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In an 800m event in athletics, the athlete runs around a standard track two times. Each lap of the standard track is 400 meters, so to complete an 800m race, the athlete must run two laps around the track. The athlete starts at the starting line and runs one full lap around the track, which is 400 meters, then continues to run a second lap and finishes at the finish line. Therefore, the answer is "Two".

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The physical fitness component that is necessary for a high jumper is "flexibility". High jump requires the athlete to be able to bend and stretch their body in order to clear the bar successfully. A high level of flexibility allows the athlete to achieve the necessary body positions during the jump, such as the "Fosbury Flop" technique, which requires the athlete to arch their back and rotate their hips while clearing the bar. Without sufficient flexibility, the athlete may struggle to achieve the correct body positions and may not be able to jump as high.

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The preliminary race to qualify for the next round is called a "heat." In many sports competitions, particularly in track and field events, there are often many athletes competing for a limited number of spots in the next round of competition. To ensure that the most qualified athletes move on, the competition will often begin with preliminary races or heats. In these races, athletes compete against each other, with the top performers advancing to the next round. The heat is an important part of the competition because it helps to narrow down the field of competitors and ensures that only the best athletes move on to the later stages of the competition.

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The statement that is not true about a warm-up exercise is "Reduces blood circulation". Warm-up exercises are done before any physical activity, and they help to prepare the body for the stress of exercise. A proper warm-up helps to increase blood flow and oxygen delivery to the muscles, which can improve performance, increase muscular contraction, and reduce the incidence of injury. Therefore, the reduction of blood circulation is not a benefit of a warm-up exercise.

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Regular exercise can help correct obesity. Obesity is a medical condition characterized by excess body fat that can lead to various health problems. Regular exercise helps to increase metabolism, burn calories, and reduce body fat, which can help to improve an individual's overall health and reduce the risk of developing obesity-related health problems, such as diabetes, heart disease, and high blood pressure. However, regular exercise does not correct goiter, kwashiorkor, or pellagra. Goiter is a condition caused by an enlarged thyroid gland, kwashiorkor is a severe protein deficiency, and pellagra is a disease caused by a deficiency in niacin. While exercise is important for overall health, these conditions require specific medical treatment to be corrected.

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An injury resulting from the forceful twisting of a joint is called a sprain. A sprain occurs when the ligaments, which are the tough bands of tissue that connect bones to each other at a joint, are stretched or torn. This can happen when a joint is forced beyond its normal range of motion, such as during a sudden twist or turn. Commonly affected joints include ankles, wrists, and knees. Symptoms of a sprain may include pain, swelling, bruising, and difficulty moving the joint. Treatment typically involves rest, ice, compression, and elevation of the affected joint, along with pain medication and physical therapy. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair torn ligaments.

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The World Cup is usually organized by the Federation of International Football Association, commonly known as FIFA. FIFA is the international governing body of football (soccer) that oversees the organization of major football tournaments, including the World Cup. The World Cup is held every four years and brings together national teams from countries around the world to compete for the title of world champion. FIFA is responsible for selecting the host country for the tournament, coordinating the logistics of the event, and enforcing the rules of play. The organization is based in Zurich, Switzerland and is composed of member associations from around the world.

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Blocking is the best technique for receiving a service in the game of volley ball.

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Economy does not affect woman participation in sports.

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The body responsible for organizing athletic competitions in Nigeria is the AFN, which stands for the Athletics Federation of Nigeria. The AFN is the national governing body for athletics in Nigeria and is responsible for promoting and developing the sport of athletics in the country. The AFN oversees the organization of various athletic competitions at the national, regional, and international levels, including the National Sports Festival and the All-Nigeria Championships. The AFN also coordinates the selection and training of Nigerian athletes for international competitions, such as the Olympics and the World Championships.

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Dance is not used to prolong good health in ancient times

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Swimming competitions usually take place in the pool. Swimming is a sport that involves individuals or teams competing against each other in water. In order to facilitate fair and organized competitions, dedicated spaces called swimming pools are used. A swimming pool is a contained area filled with water and designed specifically for swimming events. It typically consists of a rectangular or oval-shaped basin with marked lanes to separate swimmers. The pool is divided into multiple lanes to accommodate multiple swimmers or teams simultaneously. Competitive swimming events, such as races and relays, are conducted in these pools. The pool provides a controlled environment with clear markings, allowing swimmers to stay within their designated lanes and accurately track their progress. Swimming pools in competition settings are equipped with various features, such as starting blocks, timing systems, and often have spectator stands for the audience. These pools can be found in indoor arenas or outdoor facilities, depending on the event and venue. Therefore, swimming competitions usually take place in a specifically designed pool, providing a suitable environment for swimmers to showcase their skills and compete against each other.

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Physical fitness is mostly associated with the ability to overcome stress.

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Stealing and borrowing of money does not in any way depict a drug addict. Anyone can steal and borrow money, it does not have anything to do with an addiction to drugs.

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The most suitable formation for a defensive strategy in soccer is the "4:4:2" formation. In this formation, four defenders are placed at the back, four midfielders in the middle, and two forwards at the front. This formation provides a solid defensive structure by having four defenders in place to block the opposition's attacks, with the midfielders also dropping back to help defend. The two forwards are positioned to counter-attack when the team wins possession of the ball. On the other hand, the 2:3:5 formation is an attacking formation, with only two defenders at the back, while the 2:4:4 formation is a balanced formation suitable for both attacking and defensive play. The 4:2:4 formation is also an attacking formation, with only two midfielders in the middle. Therefore, the 4:4:2 formation is the most suitable for a defensive strategy in soccer.

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The aspect concerned with the development of the muscles of the legs, arms and abdomen is Physical. This refers to the body's ability to function efficiently and effectively in work and leisure activities, to be healthy, to resist disease, and to cope with stress. Physical fitness involves the development of the body's muscles, bones, and cardiovascular system through activities such as exercise, sports, and other physical activities.

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Excessive body weight due to fat is called obesity. Obesity is a medical condition that occurs when an individual's body weight is significantly higher than what is considered healthy for their age, height, and sex. It is caused by the accumulation of excessive body fat, which can have negative effects on an individual's overall health and well-being. Obesity is typically diagnosed using a measurement called Body Mass Index (BMI), which is calculated by dividing an individual's weight in kilograms by their height in meters squared. A BMI of 30 or higher is considered obese. Obesity is a serious health concern as it increases the risk of developing a wide range of health problems, such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, and certain cancers.

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The air we breathe in is oxygen. We breathe out carbon dioxide.

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A relay team consists of 4 athletes. In a relay race, multiple athletes work together as a team to complete the race. Each member of the team runs a specific distance, usually equal, and then passes a baton to the next teammate. The race continues in this manner until all team members have completed their respective portions of the race. Traditionally, a relay team consists of four athletes. Each runner is responsible for running a designated portion of the total race distance. The first runner starts the race and runs their segment, then passes the baton to the second runner, who continues the race. This process repeats until the fourth and final runner completes their segment and crosses the finish line. Having four team members in a relay race allows for an equal distribution of effort and ensures smooth baton exchanges. It also adds an element of strategy and coordination as the team aims to maximize speed and efficiency during each handoff. Therefore, in a standard relay race, a team consists of four athletes.

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The body charged with the organization of football game in Nigeria is called the Nigerian Football Federation. The Nigerian Football Federation is the governing body for football in Nigeria, responsible for organizing, regulating, and developing the sport at all levels in the country. It is in charge of organizing football competitions, including the Nigerian Professional Football League, and representing Nigeria in international football events.

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Rotation of players in volleyball is clockwise. In volleyball, players rotate positions on the court in a clockwise direction. This means that every player moves to the next position to their right after their team has won a rally and gained the serve. The player who was in position one rotates to position six, the player in position two moves to position one, the player in position three rotates to position two, and so on. This rotation system ensures that every player gets an opportunity to play in all positions on the court and prevents any one player from staying in a specific position for the entire game.

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The start, pacing, and finishing are the three phases of sprinting. Sprinting is a short distance race, and it requires proper techniques to achieve maximum speed in a short time. The start phase is the beginning of the race, where the athlete tries to achieve maximum acceleration from a stationary position. The pacing phase is the middle part of the race, where the athlete tries to maintain the achieved speed. The finishing phase is the last part of the race, where the athlete tries to reach the finish line as fast as possible.