JAMB UTME - Physical Education - 2023

Who is regarded as the father of physical eduction in Nigeria ?

Maelezo ya Majibu

Harding James Ekperigin is widely recognized as the father of physical education in Nigeria. He made significant contributions to the development and promotion of physical education in the country.

Which of the following cannot be found in a first aid box ?

Maelezo ya Majibu

A first aid box is typically a container that stores medical supplies to provide immediate care for injuries and illnesses. It is important to have the necessary items in a first aid box to effectively and safely administer first aid.
Let's go through each option to determine which one cannot be found in a first aid box:
- Gloves: Gloves are an essential item found in a first aid box. They are used to protect both the person giving first aid and the person receiving it. Gloves create a barrier that helps prevent the spread of germs and reduces the risk of infection.
- Hand sanitizer: Hand sanitizer is also commonly found in a first aid box. It is used to clean hands when soap and water are not available. It helps kill germ and reduces the chance of spreading infection.
- Bandages: Bandages are another crucial item in a first aid box. They are used for covering wounds, controlling bleeding, and providing support to injured body parts. There are various types of bandages, such as adhesive bandages, elastic bandages, and sterile dressings.
- Soda drinks: Soda drinks, such as carbonated beverages, cannot be found in a first aid box. While it may be tempting to include cold drinks for rehydration, first aid boxes are designed specifically for medical emergencies and do not typically contain food or drinks.
In conclusion, the item that cannot be found in a first aid box is soda drinks. It is important to prioritize medical supplies that are essential in providing immediate care for injuries and illnesses.

Excess presence of which of the following causes tooth decay in children?

Maelezo ya Majibu

Tooth decay in children is primarily caused by the excess presence of fluoride. Fluoride is a naturally occurring mineral that can be found in various sources such as water, food, and dental products. It is commonly added to toothpaste and water supplies to help prevent tooth decay.
However, when there is an excessive amount of fluoride, it can have negative effects on dental health. This is particularly true for children whose teeth are still developing.
Excess fluoride can cause a condition called dental fluorosis, which affects the outer layer of the teeth called the enamel. Dental fluorosis leads to the formation of white or brownish stains, and in severe cases, it can cause pitting or mottling of the teeth.
It's important to note that fluoride in optimal amounts is beneficial for dental health, as it helps to strengthen enamel and prevent tooth decay. The key is to ensure that children are exposed to fluoride in appropriate concentrations.
In summary, the excess presence of fluoride can cause tooth decay in children by leading to dental fluorosis, resulting in discoloration and damage to the tooth enamel.

A deuce in a table tennis game means

Maelezo ya Majibu

In a table tennis game, a deuce means that both players have reached a point of tie. It happens when the score reaches 10-10. At this point, the game becomes a deuce, and players continue playing until one player gets a lead of 2 points. So, a deuce is not a loss, a win, or a foul. It simply indicates a tie in the game where players need to score 2 consecutive points to win the game.

Maelezo ya Majibu

The sport injury that results in the break of bone is called fracture.
A fracture occurs when there is a break in the continuity of a bone. This can happen as a result of a sports-related injury where there is a direct impact or excessive force applied to the bone. Fractures can vary in severity, ranging from a small crack to a complete break.
Unlike a sprain, which involves damage to the ligaments connecting bones, a fracture specifically refers to a break in the bone itself.
Similarly, a strain is an injury to the muscles or tendons, while a bruise is the result of damage to the blood vessels under the skin.
It is important to note that fractures require medical attention and proper treatment, which may involve immobilizing the affected area, using casts or splints, and in some cases, surgery. Prompt and appropriate management is crucial to ensure proper healing and minimize complications.

1. The human ankle has _____ bones

Maelezo ya Majibu

Ankle is known as tarsus in humans. It contains seven bones called tarsal's. It is arranged in three rows having gliding joints

The condition of the body physically, mentally and otherwise not only the absence of disease or an infirmity is

Maelezo ya Majibu

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

The agency that fights human trafficking in nigeria is __

Maelezo ya Majibu

The agency that fights human trafficking in Nigeria is NAPTIP, which stands for National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons. NAPTIP was established in 2003 as a response to the increasing cases of trafficking in persons both within and outside Nigeria.
NAPTIP is primarily responsible for investigating, prosecuting, and preventing human trafficking activities in Nigeria. The agency works towards the elimination of all forms of human trafficking, including child labor, sexual exploitation, and forced labor.
NAPTIP's mandate covers a wide range of activities aimed at combating human trafficking, including rescue and rehabilitation of victims, public awareness campaigns, policy advocacy, and collaboration with national and international partners.
The agency focuses on four key pillars in the fight against human trafficking: 1. Prevention: NAPTIP conducts sensitization campaigns and educational programs to raise awareness about the dangers and consequences of human trafficking. They work with communities, schools, and vulnerable groups to prevent individuals from being trafficked. 2. Prosecution: NAPTIP works closely with law enforcement agencies to investigate and prosecute perpetrators of human trafficking. They gather evidence, identify and apprehend traffickers, and ensure they face legal consequences for their actions. 3. Protection: NAPTIP provides shelter, medical care, counseling, and other support services to victims of human trafficking. They work towards the physical, psychological, and social rehabilitation and empowerment of survivors, ensuring they are reintegrated into society. 4. Partnerships: NAPTIP collaborates with national and international organizations, government agencies, civil society groups, and law enforcement agencies to strengthen the fight against human trafficking. This includes sharing information, resources, and expertise to improve coordination and effectiveness.
Through its efforts, NAPTIP is making significant progress in combating human trafficking in Nigeria. However, the fight against human trafficking is an ongoing battle, and NAPTIP continues to work tirelessly to ensure the protection and well-being of individuals vulnerable to exploitation and trafficking.

After digestion protein is converted into

Maelezo ya Majibu

After digestion, proteins are converted into amino acids.
During the process of digestion, proteins are broken down into smaller molecules called peptides through the action of enzymes in the stomach and small intestine. These peptides are then further broken down by other enzymes into individual amino acids.
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are crucial for various biological processes in the body. They are essential for the growth and repair of tissues, the synthesis of enzymes and hormones, and the functioning of the immune system.
Once proteins have been converted into amino acids, they can be absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to various cells in the body, where they are used to build new proteins or used as a source of energy.
Therefore, the correct answer is amino acid.

What do you call a person who performs gymnastics ?

Maelezo ya Majibu

A person who performs gymnastics is called a gymnast.
Gymnastics is a physical activity that combines strength, flexibility, balance, and control. Gymnasts are individuals who participate in this sport and perform various movements and routines on different apparatus such as the balance beam, uneven bars, vault, and floor exercise. They go through extensive training to learn and perfect these movements which include flips, twists, jumps, and handstands.
Gymnasts are skilled athletes who showcase their abilities and talents through their performances. They compete in gymnastics competitions or sometimes perform for entertainment purposes. They demonstrate their agility, coordination, and strength while executing complex and acrobatic movements.
So, the correct term to describe a person who performs gymnastics is a gymnast.

Recreational activities are meant to be done during ___

Maelezo ya Majibu

Recreational activities are meant to be done during leisure time. Leisure time refers to the period when we are not busy with work, school, or other obligations. This is when we have free time to engage in activities that we enjoy and find entertaining. Recreational activities are meant to provide relaxation, enjoyment, and a break from our daily routines and responsibilities. Whether it's playing sports, reading a book, watching a movie, or spending time with friends and family, these activities help to rejuvenate our minds and bodies. Therefore, it is ideal to participate in recreational activities during leisure time when we can fully immerse ourselves in the experience without any distractions or time constraints.

Which of the following is not an objective of physical Eduaction ?

Maelezo ya Majibu

The objective of physical education is to promote overall well-being and enhance various aspects of an individual's life through physical activities. It aims to improve physical fitness, develop the habit of sportsmanship, and enhance emotional stability. However, **"To be able to bully people"** is not an objective of physical education. Physical education focuses on teaching students about the importance of physical health and well-being. It aims to help students develop and maintain a healthy lifestyle by engaging in regular physical activities. Through physical education, students learn about the importance of physical fitness, including cardiovascular and muscular endurance, flexibility, and strength. Another objective of physical education is to develop the habit of sportsmanship. This includes teaching students about fair play, teamwork, and respect for others. Sportsmanship encourages students to compete with integrity, showing respect for their opponents and abiding by the rules of the game. It promotes values such as cooperation, discipline, and fair competition. Additionally, physical education plays a role in developing emotional stability. Engaging in physical activities can help students manage stress, improve their mood, and develop a positive mindset. Physical education classes often include activities that promote relaxation, stress reduction, and mental well-being. However, **"To be able to bully people"** does not align with the objectives of physical education. Bullying goes against the principles of sportsmanship and personal well-being. Physical education aims to create a safe and inclusive environment where all students can participate and enjoy physical activities without fear or intimidation. In conclusion, physical education objectives focus on developing physical fitness, promoting sportsmanship, and enhancing emotional stability. It does not aim to encourage or support bullying behavior, as the well-being and respect for others are fundamental principles of physical education.

Which of the following games is a traditional game in Nigeria before colonization ?

Maelezo ya Majibu

The traditional game in Nigeria before colonization is the ayo game. Ayo game is a popular Mancala game played by many tribes across Nigeria. It is a board game where players take turns picking up seeds from small pits and sowing them in other pits, trying to capture as many seeds as possible. In the ayo game, each player uses a wooden board with several small pits dug into it. These pits are filled with seeds or beads. The goal of the game is to capture as many seeds as possible from your opponent's side. Players take turns and strategically sow the seeds from one pit to another in a clockwise direction. They can capture seeds when the last seed sown ends up in an empty pit on their side. Ayo game is not only a fun pastime but also a cultural game that has been played for generations in Nigeria. It is a game that helps enhance strategic thinking, concentration, and mathematical skills. Overall, ayo game is a traditional and beloved game in Nigeria that has stood the test of time and continues to be enjoyed by people of all ages.

The type of baton exchange in which the receiver of the baton will not see as the baton is being placed in his/her hand is called?

Maelezo ya Majibu

Non-visual baton exchange is the type of baton exchange in which the receiver of the baton will not see as the baton is being placed in his/her hand.

The type of family in which one spouse(man or woman) has several other spouses is called?

Maelezo ya Majibu

The correct answer is a **polygamous family**. In a polygamous family, one spouse (whether it be a man or a woman) has multiple spouses. This means that the individual has entered into multiple legal marriages simultaneously. Polygamy can take different forms. One common form is **polygyny**, where a man has multiple wives. In this case, the man is the only one who is allowed to have multiple spouses. Another form is **polyandry**, where a woman has multiple husbands. However, polyandry is less common compared to polygyny. In a polygamous family, the spouses may live together or in separate households. It is important to note that the type of family structure can vary across different cultures and religions around the world. While polygamy is practiced in some societies, it is illegal in many countries.

Which of the following is not a component of physical fitness.

Maelezo ya Majibu

Physical fitness is the ability of the body to carry out daily tasks and physical activities without undue fatigue. It is comprised of various components that contribute to overall health and well-being. Out of the options provided, fat is not a component of physical fitness.
Muscular endurance is one of the components of physical fitness. It refers to the ability of muscles to exert force repeatedly over a period of time. This is important for activities that require sustained muscle contractions, such as running long distances or performing multiple repetitions of an exercise.
Flexibility is another component of physical fitness. It relates to the range of motion in joints and muscles. Having good flexibility allows for better performance in activities that require stretching or bending, like yoga or gymnastics.
Cardiovascular endurance is also a component of physical fitness. It refers to the ability of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the muscles during prolonged physical activity. Good cardiovascular endurance is important for activities that require continuous movement, such as cycling or swimming.
Fat, on the other hand, is not a component of physical fitness. It is a type of body tissue that stores energy and insulation. While body fat percentage can be a consideration in overall health, it is not directly related to physical fitness components. However, having excessive body fat can affect an individual's overall fitness level and may hinder their ability to perform physical activities effectively.
In conclusion, fat is not a component of physical fitness. The components of physical fitness include muscular endurance, flexibility, and cardiovascular endurance.

Which of the following is a field event ?

Maelezo ya Majibu

A field event is a type of athletic competition that takes place in a designated area or field rather than on a track. It involves athletes competing in various events that require physical strength, skill, and technique.
Out of the options provided, javelin throw is the field event. In javelin throw, an athlete throws a long spear-like object called a javelin as far as possible within a marked area. The aim is to achieve the maximum distance with proper technique, accuracy, and strength.
On the other hand, hurdles race, 100m race, and relay race are all track events. In hurdles race, athletes run and jump over a series of hurdles placed at regular intervals on the track. The objective is to complete the race in the shortest possible time while clearing all the hurdles.
In a 100m race, athletes compete to run a distance of 100 meters in the fastest time possible, with the finish line being the determining factor.
A relay race involves a team of runners passing a baton from one runner to another, usually in a circular or linear track. The goal is to complete the race in the shortest time by efficiently transferring the baton between team members.
Therefore, among the options mentioned, only javelin throw can be categorized as a field event as it takes place in a designated area and requires throwing a javelin for distance.

The ability of the body systems to work together efficiently to allow you to be healthy and perform activities of daily living is

Maelezo ya Majibu

The ability of the body systems to work together efficiently to allow you to be healthy and perform activities of daily living is physical fitness. Physical fitness refers to the overall condition of your body and how well it can perform physical activities. It involves different aspects such as strength, endurance, flexibility, and cardiovascular health.
When your body systems, such as the respiratory, circulatory, muscular, and skeletal systems, are in good condition and work together harmoniously, you have a higher level of physical fitness. This means your body can efficiently carry out tasks and movements, allowing you to have the energy and stamina to engage in activities without getting tired quickly.
Physical fitness also plays a vital role in maintaining good posture. Having strong muscles and a flexible body can help support your spine and maintain proper alignment, reducing the risk of developing posture-related issues.
Additionally, physical fitness has a positive impact on the immune system. Regular exercise and staying physically active can boost your immune system and help protect against various illnesses and diseases. When you are physically fit, your body is better equipped to fight off infections and recover more quickly.
In summary, physical fitness is essential for the body systems to work together efficiently. It allows you to stay healthy, have the energy and stamina for daily activities, maintain good posture, and enhance the functionality of your immune system.

One of these is a component of school health programme.

Maelezo ya Majibu

A component of a school health program is **health services**. Health services are an essential part of a school health program as they involve medical professionals and resources that cater to the healthcare needs of students. These services can include regular health check-ups, immunizations, first aid, and treatment for minor illnesses and injuries. Health services also provide support for students with chronic conditions such as asthma or diabetes. The presence of health services in schools ensures that students have access to immediate medical care and support, promoting their overall well-being and enabling them to focus on their studies. These services can be provided by school nurses or in collaboration with local healthcare providers. It is important to note that while external services and curable services may contribute to the well-being of students, they are not specific components of a school health program. External services may refer to community organizations or agencies that provide support to schools but are not directly part of the program. Curable services may not be a relevant term in the context of a school health program, as it is unclear what specific services it entails. In summary, health services are an integral component of a school health program, ensuring the physical well-being of students by providing access to medical care, support, and resources.

____ is the study of the structure and relationship between body parts

Maelezo ya Majibu

Anatomy is the study of the structure and relationship between body parts. It focuses on understanding how different parts of the body are organized and connected to each other. This includes studying the shapes, sizes, and locations of organs, tissues, and cells. By examining these details, anatomists can gain a better understanding of how the body functions as a whole. In simple terms, anatomy helps us to understand the physical structure of the body and how its various parts work together.

Which of the following is not an equipment/facility used in badminton games?

Maelezo ya Majibu

Paddles are not used in badminton games. Badminton is a racquet sport played using racquets to hit a shuttlecock across a net. The equipment used in badminton includes a racquet, shuttlecock, and strings for the racquet.

Which of the following is an indoor game ?

Maelezo ya Majibu

One of the options in the list that is an indoor game is chess.
Chess is a strategic board game that is played between two players. It is typically played indoors on a square board consisting of 64 squares of alternating colors. The objective of the game is to checkmate the opponent's king, which means putting the opponent's king in a position where it is under immediate attack and cannot escape capture.
Chess is considered an indoor game because it is typically played in a controlled environment, such as indoors at home, in schools, or in chess clubs. The game requires a calm and quiet setting, as players need to concentrate, think ahead, and plan their moves strategically.
Unlike outdoor games such as sprinting, soccer, and swimming, which require physical activity and are played in open spaces, chess is a mental and intellectual game that can be enjoyed indoors. It can be played at any time, independent of weather conditions. Chess also promotes critical thinking, problem-solving, and decision-making skills, making it a popular choice for intellectual stimulation and competition.
In summary, chess is an indoor game because it is played on a board, requires mental effort, and is typically enjoyed in a controlled environment, providing an opportunity for strategic thinking and intellectual engagement.

How many points is required to win a badminton game ?

Maelezo ya Majibu

To win a game in badminton, a player or a team needs to score a certain number of points. The number of points required to win a badminton game is 21 points.
However, there are certain rules that need to be followed in order to determine the winner. The winner must also have a 2-point lead over their opponent to secure the victory.
Let me explain the scoring system more in detail. In badminton, each rally results in a point being awarded to one of the players or teams. The rally starts with a serve and ends when the shuttlecock hits the ground within the boundaries, or if a fault is committed by one of the players.
Regardless of who served, a point is awarded to the serving side every time they win a rally. If the serving side loses a rally, the serve will be handed over to the opposing side, and they will have an opportunity to score points.
The game is played until one player or team reaches 21 points, with a 2-point lead. If the score reaches a tie at 20-20, it is called a "deuce". In a deuce, players need to continue playing until a player or team gains a 2-point lead to win the game.
In summary, to win a badminton game, a player or team needs to score 21 points with a 2-point lead over the opponent.

The sideways curvature of the spine is called ?

Maelezo ya Majibu

The sideways curvature of the spine is called scoliosis.
Scoliosis is when the spine curves to the side instead of being straight. It can occur in different parts of the spine and vary in severity.
Causes of scoliosis include genetic factors, muscle imbalances, and certain medical conditions. Sometimes, the cause is unknown.
It is important to detect scoliosis early because it can worsen over time and lead to pain, breathing difficulties, and reduced mobility.
Treatment for scoliosis depends on the severity and individual needs. It may include exercises, braces, or in severe cases, surgery. Regular check-ups and monitoring are essential to manage scoliosis effectively.

Which of the following is an example of non-contact games

Maelezo ya Majibu

Swimming is an example of a non-contact game. In swimming, athletes participate in a race by propelling themselves through the water using different swimming strokes. Unlike boxing, wrestling, and taekwondo, swimming does not involve physical contact between the athletes. Instead, swimmers focus on their speed, technique, and endurance to outperform their competitors and reach the finish line faster. It is essential to note that while swimming is a non-contact game, athletes still adhere to certain rules and regulations to ensure fair competition and safety in the pool.

Which of the following is an indoor recreational activity?

Maelezo ya Majibu

An indoor recreational activity refers to an activity that can be enjoyed indoors, typically within a building or a closed space. Out of the given options, the only activity that can be considered as an indoor recreational activity is playing chess.
Swimming, hiking, and jogging all take place outdoors and require open spaces like pools, mountains, or parks. These activities involve physical movements in natural or outdoor environments. On the other hand, playing chess is an intellectual and strategic game that can be played indoors. It is usually played on a chessboard and involves planning and outwitting your opponent by moving different chess pieces on the board.
Playing chess can be enjoyed in the comfort of a home, a chess club, or any indoor space that provides a suitable environment to set up the chessboard and focus on the game. It does not require any specific physical fitness level or a large area, making it accessible to people of different ages and abilities.
In conclusion, playing chess is the only indoor recreational activity out of the options given. It is a mentally stimulating game that can be enjoyed indoors without the need for outdoor spaces or physical exertion.

Which of the following is an example of sprint race ?

Maelezo ya Majibu

100m is an example of a sprint race. Sprint races are short distance races in athletics and running. They involve running as fast as possible over a short distance. The other options like marathon and 1,500m are long distance races, and 400m is considered a middle distance race.

In the bucal cavity of human beings, digestion of which of the following get started

Maelezo ya Majibu

In the bucal cavity of human beings, digestion of carbohydrates gets started.
The bucal cavity, also known as the mouth, plays an important role in the process of digestion. When we eat food, it enters the mouth where it gets broken down into smaller pieces by our teeth through the process of chewing.
Carbohydrates are one of the main types of nutrients found in our food. They are present in foods like bread, rice, potatoes, and fruits.
In the mouth, the salivary glands produce saliva, which contains an enzyme called amylase. When we chew carbohydrates, the amylase in saliva helps to break them down into smaller molecules called sugars. This process is known as digestion.
So, in conclusion, the digestion of carbohydrates gets started in the bucal cavity of human beings.

Saliva helps in the digestion of

Maelezo ya Majibu

Saliva helps in the digestion of starch.
Starch is a carbohydrate that is found in foods like rice, potatoes, bread, and pasta. When we eat foods containing starch, our body needs to break it down into smaller molecules so that it can be absorbed and used for energy.
This is where saliva comes in! When we chew our food, our salivary glands produce saliva that contains an enzyme called amylase. Amylase is responsible for breaking down the starch molecules into smaller sugar molecules called glucose.
By breaking down starch, saliva helps to start the process of digestion and makes it easier for our body to absorb and utilize the energy from the food we eat.
Saliva doesn't directly help in the digestion of proteins, fats, or vitamins. These nutrients are broken down by different enzymes and processes in our digestive system.
In summary, saliva plays an important role in the digestion of starch by producing an enzyme called amylase that breaks down starch into smaller sugar molecules.

Which of the following type of cartilage is present at the joints of long bones in humans?

Maelezo ya Majibu

Hyaline cartilage is the type of cartilage present at the joints of long bones in humans. It provides a smooth surface for joint movement, absorbs shock, and reduces friction. Fibrous and elastic cartilages are found in other parts of the body, while calcified cartilage is a stage in endochondral ossification, not a type of cartilage found in joints

Carbon monoxide is a source of ______ pollution.

Maelezo ya Majibu

Carbon monoxide is a source of air pollution. When we burn fossil fuels such as gasoline, diesel, and natural gas in vehicles, power plants, and industries, carbon monoxide is released into the air. It is a colorless and odorless gas that is harmful to the environment and human health.
In our atmosphere, carbon monoxide reacts with other pollutants to form smog, which is a type of air pollution. Smog can cause respiratory problems, especially for people with asthma or other respiratory conditions.
Carbon monoxide also contributes to the greenhouse effect, which is responsible for global warming and climate change. This gas traps heat in the atmosphere, leading to the gradual increase in Earth's temperature.
So, carbon monoxide is a significant contributor to air pollution and its negative effects on both the environment and human health. It is crucial to reduce carbon monoxide emissions by using cleaner forms of energy and implementing stricter regulations for industries and vehicles.

The following are the examples of sports except

Maelezo ya Majibu

marketing, the sum of activities involved in directing the flow of goods and services from producers to consumers

Which of the following is the international governing body responsible for soccer ?

Maelezo ya Majibu

The international governing body responsible for soccer is FIFA. FIFA stands for the Fédération Internationale de Football Association. It is the organization that governs and regulates the sport of soccer on a global scale. FIFA is responsible for organizing international competitions such as the FIFA World Cup, which is held every four years and is considered the most prestigious tournament in soccer.
FIFA is in charge of creating and enforcing the rules and regulations of the game. They ensure fair play and provide guidance to national soccer associations and clubs. FIFA also works to develop and promote soccer at all levels, from grassroots to professional.
One of FIFA's important roles is to oversee the national soccer associations and ensure that they comply with the rules and principles of the game. They also promote the values of soccer, such as inclusivity, diversity, and respect.
In summary, FIFA is the international governing body for soccer, responsible for organizing competitions, creating rules, developing the sport, and maintaining its integrity globally.

The human heart is located in the

Maelezo ya Majibu

The human heart is located in the thoracic cavity.
The thoracic cavity is the space found in the chest region between the neck and the diaphragm. It is protected by the rib cage and contains vital organs such as the heart and lungs.
The heart, which is a muscular organ responsible for pumping blood throughout the body, is specifically positioned in the middle of the thoracic cavity, slightly tilted to the left. It is surrounded and protected by the lungs.
The positioning of the heart in the thoracic cavity allows it to be close to major blood vessels and organs, facilitating its primary function of pumping oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood back to the lungs for oxygenation.

The following are the injuries that can be sustained at sport except ____

Maelezo ya Majibu

Stomach ache is not typically considered an injury that can be sustained in sports. While it is common to experience stomach discomfort or cramps during physical activities, it is generally caused by factors such as dehydration, improper nutrition, or digestive issues rather than a direct injury to the body.
In contrast, sprains, bruises, and strains are types of injuries that can occur in sports:
- Sprains occur when ligaments, which connect bones together, are stretched or torn. This can happen when a joint is forcefully twisted or bent beyond its normal range of motion. Common areas for sprains include the ankle, wrist, or knee.
- Bruises, also known as contusions, result from a direct blow to the body. When tiny blood vessels under the skin get damaged, blood leaks out and causes discoloration, swelling, and tenderness. Bruises can occur in various body parts depending on the impact during sports.
- Strains are injuries to muscles or tendons. They typically occur due to overstretching or overexertion of the affected tissues. Strains commonly happen in areas like the hamstring, calf muscles, or lower back.
It is important to note that while stomach aches may not be considered an injury, they should not be ignored. It is crucial to address any persistent or severe stomach discomfort during physical activity by seeking medical advice and taking appropriate measures such as staying hydrated, consuming balanced meals, and avoiding excessive exertion.

The capacity to change direction effectively and quickly while maintaining body posture is called ?

Maelezo ya Majibu

The capacity to change direction effectively and quickly while maintaining body posture is called agility. Agility is the ability to move and change direction with ease, speed, and precision. It involves coordination, balance, and quick reflexes.
Agility is not just about being fast, but also being able to control your body movements and maintain balance while moving in different directions. It requires flexibility, strength, and an awareness of your body positioning.
Having good agility is important in many sports and physical activities, such as basketball, soccer, tennis, and martial arts. It allows athletes to quickly change direction, dodge opponents, and react to unexpected situations.
By training and improving agility, individuals can enhance their overall performance in sports, reduce the risk of injury, and improve body control. Agility drills, exercises, and practice can help improve reaction time, coordination, and body awareness.
In summary, agility is the ability to change direction quickly, maintain body posture, and move with precision. It is an essential skill for athletes and can be developed through training and practice.

Which of the following part of human skeleton forms the helmet that protect the human brain

Maelezo ya Majibu

The part of the human skeleton that forms the helmet to protect the brain is called the cranium. The cranium is made up of several bones that come together to encase and protect the brain. These bones are connected by special joints called sutures which allow for some flexibility and movement.
The cranium serves as a hard, protective shell surrounding the brain, shielding it from any potential injury. It helps absorb and distribute forces, such as those that may occur from impact or trauma to the head. Additionally, the cranium provides attachment points for various muscles and ligaments involved in head movement.
The other options, namely the fibula and tibia, are bones found in the lower limbs and are involved in supporting the body weight and facilitating movement. They are not directly involved in protecting the brain. The suture, on the other hand, is not a specific bone but refers to the tight fibrous joints between the cranial bones that contribute to the strength and structural integrity of the cranium. However, it is not the main component responsible for forming the helmet-like protection for the brain.
In summary, the cranium is the part of the human skeleton that forms the protective helmet around the brain, safeguarding it from potential injuries.

The smallest unit of social organization in our society is

Maelezo ya Majibu

The smallest unit of social organization in our society is the family.
The family is a group of people who are related by blood, marriage, or adoption and live together in a household. Families provide individuals with emotional support, shelter, food, and other basic needs. They are the building blocks of society, as they are responsible for nurturing and socializing individuals from a young age.
Families are usually led by parents or guardians who provide guidance and instill values in their children. They teach them essential life skills and help them develop a sense of identity. Additionally, families often pass down cultural traditions, beliefs, and customs from one generation to another.
While peer groups, clans, and communities are also important social units, they are typically larger than families and may include multiple families or individuals who are not directly related. Peer groups consist of individuals who are of similar age or have common interests, while clans are extended families with a common ancestry, and communities are groups of individuals who live in the same geographical area.
In summary, while peer groups, clans, and communities play significant roles in our society, the smallest and most fundamental unit of social organization is the family. Families provide the foundation for a person's social development, upbringing, and support.

Which of the following is not a swimming stroke ?

Maelezo ya Majibu

The swimming stroke that is not listed among the options is the downstroke.

Let's briefly discuss the other three swimming strokes to understand why the downstroke is not considered a swimming stroke:

Crawl: Also known as freestyle, the crawl is the fastest and most commonly used stroke in competitive swimming. It involves a continuous alternating arm motion and a flutter kick. Swimmers move their arms in a windmill-like pattern, pulling the water towards them, while their legs kick in a repetitive up and down motion.

Backstroke: As the name suggests, swimmers swim on their backs, facing up. The main propulsive force in backstroke comes from the alternating arm movement, similar to the crawl stroke. The arms move in a wider arc, and the hands enter the water pinky-first. The legs perform a flutter kick, similar to that of the crawl stroke.

Breaststroke: The breaststroke is the slowest of the four competitive swimming strokes, but it is often considered the most graceful. Swimmers synchronize a frog-like kick and an arm pull to propel themselves through the water. The arms move together in a half-circle motion underwater, while the legs kick outwards and then back inwards simultaneously.

Downstroke: The term "downstroke" does not correspond to any recognized swimming stroke. It may be a term used in other contexts or in certain swimming drills, but it is not a distinct swimming stroke like the crawl, backstroke, or breaststroke.

Which of the following is the vestigial bony part of the human skeleton?

Maelezo ya Majibu

The vestigial bony part of the human skeleton is the Coccyx.
The coccyx, also known as the tailbone, is a small triangular structure located at the bottom of the vertebral column. It consists of three to five fused vertebrae.
In the past, the coccyx had a more functional role in our ancestors who had tails. However, over millions of years of evolution, the tail became unnecessary for human survival and gradually disappeared.
Today, the coccyx serves as a vestigial structure, meaning it is a remnant of our evolutionary past that no longer has a significant function. It is a reduced and modified version of what used to be a functional tail.
Function: While the coccyx no longer has a significant role in humans, it does serve as an attachment point for several muscles, tendons, and ligaments. These structures help support our body weight when we sit or stand and also play a role in stabilizing our pelvis.
Development: During embryonic development, the coccyx starts as separate vertebrae. However, as the fetus develops, these vertebrae gradually fuse together to form the coccyx. This fusion is typically complete by early adulthood.
Importance: Although the coccyx is a vestige of our evolutionary past with no significant function in modern humans, it can still be susceptible to injury or discomfort. Falls, trauma during childbirth, or prolonged sitting on hard surfaces can lead to coccyx pain or fracture.
To summarize, the coccyx is the vestigial bony part of the human skeleton. It is a remnant of our evolutionary history when our ancestors had tails. Although it no longer has a significant function, it serves as an attachment point for muscles and plays a role in supporting our pelvis.