Purchase And Sale Of Goods In Home And Foreign Trade

The process of buying, selling and distribution of goods and services is

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The process of buying, selling and distributing goods and services is called commerce.

Commerce involves various activities such as production, packaging, branding, advertising, selling, and delivering goods and services to customers. It is a system that facilitates the exchange of goods and services between producers and consumers.

Marketing is one part of the broader field of commerce. It focuses on activities such as market research, promoting and advertising products or services, and building relationships with customers to meet their needs and wants. Marketing plays a crucial role in commerce by identifying what customers want, creating demand for products, and facilitating transactions.

Retail trade is a specific branch of commerce that involves the sale of goods directly to consumers. It refers to the process of selling products through brick-and-mortar stores, online platforms, or any other means of retailing. Retailers purchase goods from manufacturers or wholesalers and make them available for consumers to buy.

While marketing concept is an important concept within commerce and marketing, it refers to a customer-centric approach to doing business. It emphasizes understanding and satisfying customer needs and wants, which ultimately leads to achieving business goals and profitability. In summary, commerce encompasses all the activities involved in buying, selling, and distributing goods and services.

Marketing is a subset of commerce that focuses on understanding and meeting customer needs, while retail trade specifically refers to the sale of goods to consumers. The marketing concept highlights the importance of customer satisfaction in driving business success.

(a) Explain three means of payment in international trade and two means of payment in home trade. (b) Explain five reasons countries engage in international trade.

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(a) Means of payment in international trade: 1. Letter of credit: It is a document issued by a bank on behalf of the buyer, guaranteeing the seller will receive the payment in full and on time. 2. Bill of exchange: It is a written order by the exporter to the importer to pay a certain amount on a certain date, with the bank serving as an intermediary. 3. Telegraphic transfer: It is a method of transferring funds electronically between banks, with the payment being made immediately upon receipt of the transfer. Means of payment in home trade: 1. Cash: It is the most common and simple means of payment in home trade, involving the exchange of physical currency. 2. Credit: It is a means of payment in which the seller allows the buyer to purchase goods or services on the promise of future payment. (b) Reasons for countries engaging in international trade: 1. Access to resources: Countries engage in international trade to obtain resources that are not available in their own country, or are available in insufficient quantities. 2. Economies of scale: By producing on a larger scale, countries can reduce their average cost of production and achieve greater efficiency. 3. Specialization: Countries can specialize in the production of goods and services in which they have a comparative advantage, and trade with other countries for the goods and services they are not efficient in producing. 4. Increased competition: International trade creates greater competition, leading to improvements in product quality and lower prices for consumers. 5. Increased exports: By engaging in international trade, countries can increase their exports and generate revenue, which can help to improve their balance of trade and boost their economy.