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Question 1 Report
Which of the following is NOT an aim of advertising?
Answer Details
Advertising primarily focuses on promoting products or services to potential customers. Here are typical aims of advertising:
On the other hand, reducing the cost of the goods produced is NOT an aim of advertising. This is more associated with production processes and cost management strategies within a company. Advertising itself often incurs costs and does not directly reduce production expenses but is intended to increase sales and generate revenue, which can offset costs over time.
Question 2 Report
The first Nigerian enterprises promotion decree was promulgated in
Answer Details
The Nigerian Enterprises Promotion Decree of 1973, also known as the Indigenization Decree, was a significant policy implemented by the Nigerian government aimed at promoting indigenous participation and ownership in the country's economy. The decree outlined provisions for the transfer of ownership and control of certain businesses from foreign owners to Nigerian citizens.
Question 3 Report
Which of these is NOT a governments legislation to protect the consumer?
Answer Details
The correct option that is NOT a government legislation to protect the consumer is Privatization and Commercialization.
Let me explain this in a simple way:
However:
Therefore, while the first three directly aim to protect consumers, Privatization and Commercialization are more about economic management and do not serve as consumer protection legislation.
Question 4 Report
The sum which the insured pays periodically to his insurance company is called
Answer Details
The sum which the insured pays periodically to his insurance company is called a premium.
Explanation:
When you purchase an insurance policy, whether it's for health, life, car, or any other type of insurance, you agree to pay a certain amount of money at regular intervals to the insurance company. This amount is known as the premium. The premium is the cost you pay to the insurance company so that they will provide you with coverage and financial protection against specified risks.
Insurance companies calculate your premium based on various factors including the type of insurance, the amount of coverage you want, your age, your health (for health or life insurance), and other risk factors. In return for paying your premium, the insurance company promises to cover certain costs or losses as outlined in your policy.
Question 5 Report
All the following are principles of insurance EXCEPT
Answer Details
In insurance, there are several fundamental principles that ensure the contractual agreement between the insurer and the insured is fair and effective. Among these principles, three are well-known:
Insurable Interest: This principle states that the insured must have a financial stake in the object or life insured. The policyholder should suffer a financial loss if the insured event occurs. This ensures that insurance is not a mere gambling proposition.
Utmost Good Faith (Uberrimae Fidei): Both parties involved in an insurance contract are required to disclose all relevant information truthfully. The insured must reveal all material facts, and the insurer should provide honest terms and conditions.
Subrogation: After compensating the insured for a loss, the insurer may step into the shoes of the insured to seek recovery from a third party responsible for the loss. This principle prevents the insured from profiting more than once for the same loss.
On the other hand, the term "Particular Average" is not one of the fundamental principles of insurance. Instead, it is a maritime insurance term used to describe partial loss or damage to a ship or its cargo that is not shared by all parties but borne only by the individual whose cargo was damaged. Therefore, among the options provided, "particular average" is the exception as it is not a principle of insurance.
Question 6 Report
The policy designed to accelerate the greater participation of Nigerians in the ownership and management of business enterprises in Nigeria is called
Answer Details
The policy designed to accelerate the greater participation of Nigerians in the ownership and management of business enterprises in Nigeria is called Indigenization.
Indigenization refers to efforts and policies implemented to transfer ownership and control of enterprises and resources from foreign and non-national entities to the nationals of a country. The aim is to increase the involvement of local citizens in the economy of their country, ensuring that they have a substantial stake in the economic activities.
In the context of Nigeria, the indigenization policy was meant to empower Nigerians by enabling them to own and manage businesses. This was achieved by legally requiring certain levels of Nigerian ownership and participation in various sectors of the economy. Such policies were put in place to reduce foreign control and ensure that the wealth generated within the country contributed to national development and was accessible to the citizens of Nigeria.
Question 7 Report
The term "consumer sovereignty" means that the consumer is a
Answer Details
The term "consumer sovereignty" indicates that the consumer is considered a king in the market. This concept emphasizes the power and freedom consumers have to influence the goods and services that are produced in a market economy. Essentially, businesses strive to fulfill the desires and needs of consumers because their satisfaction and demand determine what should be produced. In this role, the consumer wields the power to make decisions based on preferences, effectively guiding the market dynamics. Companies that understand their consumers well and meet their needs are more likely to succeed.
Question 8 Report
A public limited liability company is owned by
Answer Details
A Public Limited Liability Company is owned by shareholders. These are individuals or entities that own shares in the company. Each share represents a portion of ownership, so the more shares an individual or entity owns, the more ownership they have in the company. Shareholders have the right to vote on important company matters, including the election of the board of directors and major company policies.
It is important to note that although the shares of a public limited liability company are available for purchase by the general public on the stock exchange, the term "general public" refers to potential or current investors and does not mean that the general public owns the company. Ownership is exclusively linked to those who buy shares, making them shareholders.
Neither the government nor debenture holders own the company. The government may regulate the company but does not hold ownership unless it has explicitly purchased shares. Debenture holders are lenders to the company, holding debt instruments rather than equity, so they do not have ownership rights. Their relationship with the company is typically based on the repayment of debt with interest, rather than ownership.
Question 9 Report
Which type of advertisement induces consumer to purchase the goods he does not need?
Answer Details
Persuasive advertisement is the type that induces consumers to purchase goods they do not need. This form of advertising aims to create a desire in the consumer by appealing to their emotions, beliefs, or aspirations. Instead of providing just information about the product, it focuses on convincing the consumer that they will gain certain benefits or status by owning or using the product. This can be achieved through various techniques such as celebrity endorsements, fear of missing out (FOMO), appealing to trends, or showcasing how the product improves one's lifestyle or social standing. By doing this, consumers are often led to believe that they need the product to achieve happiness, success, or social acceptance, thereby encouraging them to make purchases that were originally unnecessary to them.
Question 10 Report
Which of the following services is NOT rendered by NITEL?
Answer Details
The service that is NOT rendered by NITEL is Recorded Delivery.
Explanation:
NITEL, which stands for Nigerian Telecommunications Limited, was mainly involved in providing telecommunications services in Nigeria. Its core services included:
On the other hand, Recorded Delivery is a service typically offered by postal services, not telecommunication companies. It involves sending mail with proof of mailing and, sometimes, delivery confirmation. This ensures that mailed items are tracked and delivered securely.
Question 11 Report
A dealer who buys securities at low prices in anticipation of reselling them at higher prices is called a
Answer Details
A dealer who buys securities at low prices in anticipation of reselling them at higher prices is called a bull.
Here's a simple explanation:
Let's contrast this with the other terms mentioned:
Question 12 Report
A typical example of an event covered by an Assurance Policy is
Answer Details
An event that is typically covered by an Assurance Policy is death.
Assurance policies are often referred to as life assurance or life insurance. The primary purpose of these policies is to provide a financial safety net for beneficiaries in the event of the policyholder's death.
Life assurance is considered a form of long-term coverage that guarantees a payout when the insured person passes away, as long as the premiums have been paid consistently. This type of policy is different from insurance policies that cover specific events, like accidents or burglary, which are often provided as short-term risk coverages.
Therefore, **death** is the typical event covered by an assurance policy because the primary intent of such policies is to ensure that financial obligations can be met and dependents are taken care of after the policyholder's death.
Question 13 Report
The rules and regulations guiding the conduct of business transactions are known as law
Answer Details
In the context of **business transactions**, the rules and regulations that govern them are primarily known as **commercial law**. This is because **commercial law deals specifically with the legal aspects of business and trade**, and it includes a variety of laws that regulate how businesses operate, how they interact with other businesses, and how consumers are protected in these transactions.
Other laws mentioned, such as:
Therefore, when discussing the guidelines and frameworks for business transactions specifically, **commercial law** is the umbrella under which these rules and regulations fall.
Question 14 Report
Tariff can be defined as a compulsory levy on
Answer Details
A tariff is a compulsory levy imposed by a government on imported goods only. This means that when products are brought into a country from abroad, a tax or duty is charged by the government on these goods. Tariffs are typically used to protect domestic industries from foreign competition by making imported goods more expensive, encouraging consumers to buy locally produced items. They can also be a source of revenue for the government. By increasing the cost of imports, tariffs influence the prices and choices available to consumers, often making domestic goods more appealing. In summary, tariffs are specifically associated with imports, not exports, foreign exchange earnings, or foreigners working in a particular country.
Question 15 Report
A multiple shop has many stores which sell
Answer Details
A multiple shop, also known as a chain store, is a type of retail business that consists of several locations all managed under the same brand or company. The primary characteristic of a multiple shop is that all the stores offer similar goods. Each store in the chain typically carries the same range of products, regardless of its location. This uniformity assures customers that they will find the same items in each store of the chain, leading to a consistent shopping experience.
For example, if a chain store specializes in clothing, all its branches will sell the same clothing lines, maintaining consistency in style, quality, and price. This is true for other types of goods such as electronics, groceries, and more.
Therefore, among the options given, it is most accurate to say that a multiple shop sells similar goods. This means that whether you visit a store in the chain in one city or another, you can expect to find the same types of products.
Question 16 Report
One of the following does NOT fit into the group.
Answer Details
In order to determine which of the options does not fit into the group, we should first classify each of them based on their primary nature or sector.
Agriculture involves the cultivation of land and breeding of plants and animals to provide food, fiber, and other products used to sustain and enhance life. It primarily falls under the category of primary industry that deals with the extraction and harnessing of natural resources directly from nature.
Fishing also involves extracting biological resources directly from nature, specifically aquatic life from water bodies. Like agriculture, it is categorized under primary industry and focuses on the direct procurement of resources provided by nature.
Mining is the extraction of minerals or other geological materials from the Earth, and it is considered a part of primary industry as well. It involves the direct extraction of non-renewable resources from nature.
Carpentry, on the other hand, is a skilled trade in which the primary work performed is the cutting, shaping, and installation of building materials during the construction of buildings, ships, timber bridges, etc. Carpentry is considered a part of the secondary industry, which involves manufacturing and processing of raw materials into finished goods or products.
Therefore, Carpentry does not fit into the group because, unlike agriculture, fishing, and mining, it is not a primary industry activity. It belongs to the secondary industry, which focuses on the transformation of raw materials into finished products.
Question 17 Report
The following are functions of marketing EXCEPT
Answer Details
Marketing is a broad concept that involves various activities to promote and sell products or services. Let's briefly explore each option in relation to marketing:
Packaging: This is a marketing function that involves designing and producing the containers or wrappers for a product. The purpose of packaging is to protect the product, facilitate its storage and transport, and make it appealing to consumers.
Distribution: This function refers to the process of getting the product from the manufacturer to the consumer. It involves activities like transportation, warehousing, and supply chain management, ensuring that the product is available to customers at the right time and place.
Advertising: Advertising is a marketing function that focuses on promoting a product or service through various media channels. The aim is to inform potential customers about a product, persuade them to purchase, and build brand awareness.
Insurance: This is not a marketing function. Insurance is a financial service that provides risk management and protection against potential financial losses. While businesses may use insurance to protect their assets, it is not a function aimed at promoting and selling products or services like the other activities mentioned.
In summary, insurance is not a function of marketing. It stands apart as a service focused on risk management rather than the promotion and sale of products or services.
Question 18 Report
Stock exchange quoted the shares of ABC Plc at #0.75K for #1.25K per share. This means the shares were sold at a
Answer Details
When shares are quoted on a stock exchange, it signifies the price at which the stock is available for purchase. The problem provides two prices regarding the shares of ABC Plc:
In this scenario, since the selling price (#1.25K) is higher than the par value (#0.75K), the shares were sold at a premium. Therefore, the stocks of ABC Plc were sold for more than their face value, which indicates that investors were willing to pay more than the nominal value for those shares, typically due to the company's perceived potential or existing market demand.
Question 19 Report
Closing stock is also known as
Answer Details
Closing stock is also known as Ending Inventory. It refers to the amount of inventory or stock that remains unsold at the end of an accounting period. This can include raw materials, work-in-progress, and finished goods. Closing stock is important for financial reporting, as it affects the cost of goods sold and, ultimately, the company's profit. It is calculated by taking into account all the inventory purchases and subtracting the cost of goods that have been sold during the period. To express it simply, closing stock is what is left over after sales have been accounted for.
Therefore, the correct and precise term for closing stock is Ending Inventory.
Question 20 Report
Fishing is an example of
Answer Details
Fishing is an example of the extractive industry. This industry involves activities that extract natural resources from the earth or water bodies. In the case of fishing, it means obtaining fish and other sea creatures from oceans, rivers, and lakes. The extractive industry is characterized by the removal of raw materials from their natural environment without any transformation into other forms before they are further processed, utilized, or consumed.
For example, when fishermen catch fish, they are directly taking resources from nature without altering them. These resources can either be directly consumed or processed into different products, depending on the demand and usage.
Question 21 Report
The Nigeria Enterprises promotion Decree brought about policy
Answer Details
The Nigeria Enterprises Promotion Decree was a significant legislative action aimed at altering the structure of ownership in the Nigerian economy. The primary objective of this decree was to achieve indigenization of the Nigerian economy. This means that the decree was designed to increase Nigerian participation and ownership in various businesses and enterprises operating within the country.
Indigenization is a policy whereby a nation seeks to transfer ownership and control of foreign or expatriate-owned assets to its indigenous people. This was done by setting quotas or limits on foreign participation in certain sectors, thereby reserving those sectors for Nigerians. The goal was to promote local entrepreneurship, boost economic growth, and reduce foreign dominance in the economy.
While nationalization involves taking private assets into public ownership, and privatization is about transferring public sector enterprises into private hands, the Nigeria Enterprises Promotion Decree primarily focused on indigenizing the economy by empowering Nigerian citizens and businesses to own and control economic activities in the country.
Question 22 Report
When the price quoted includes all the cost to the actual destination, that is, from the seller's warehouse to the buyer's warehouse. it is called
Answer Details
When the price quoted includes all the costs from the seller's warehouse to the buyer's warehouse, it is referred to as "Franco".
In the context of goods transportation and sales, "Franco" means that the seller is responsible for all the costs associated with delivering the goods to the buyer's specified location. This includes packaging, loading, transportation, and unloading costs. Basically, the buyer does not have to worry about any extra charges that might occur while the goods are being transported. The seller takes care of everything until the goods reach the buyer's destination.
In contrast, terms like "Loco price" and "Carriage paid" have different conditions regarding the division of responsibilities and costs between the buyer and seller. For instance, "Loco price" typically involves the buyer bearing the cost of picking up the goods from the seller's location, while "Carriage paid" implies that the seller pays the carriage charges up to a certain point.
Overall, "Franco" provides a convenient option for buyers who prefer not to handle the logistics of moving goods from the seller to their final destination.
Question 23 Report
The components of a balance of payments account are
Answer Details
The balance of payments (BOP) is a record of all economic transactions between residents of one country and residents of other countries over a specific period. It is divided into three main components, which are: Current, Capital and Monetary movement (financial) account.
Question 24 Report
Prospectus in relation to a public limited inability company means
Answer Details
In the context of a public limited company, a prospectus refers to a formal document that is issued by the company to provide essential information to potential investors. It serves as an invitation to the public to buy shares in the company.
The main purpose of the prospectus is to help potential investors make informed decisions about whether or not to invest in the company's shares. It typically contains details such as:
The prospectus is a crucial document because it ensures transparency and allows investors to assess the potential risks and rewards involved in purchasing shares from the company.
Question 25 Report
A contract in which all parties to the contract have carried out their obligation is said to be terminated by
Answer Details
A contract in which all parties have fully met their obligations is said to be terminated by performance.
Here's an explanation:
Question 26 Report
The main objective of nationalization of industries is to
Answer Details
Nationalization of industries is primarily aimed at bringing an industry under state ownership and control. This means that the government takes ownership of certain industries or sectors, rather than leaving them in private or foreign hands.
There are several reasons a government might choose to nationalize an industry:
1. Ensure National Control: Nationalization is used to ensure that important industries, such as natural resources or critical infrastructure, remain under national control and are protected from foreign influence or exploitation.
2. Social Welfare: The state can prioritize social welfare over profit by ensuring that essential goods and services (like electricity, water, and healthcare) are accessible and affordable to all citizens.
3. Economic Stability: By owning and controlling key industries, the government can directly influence economic activities, stabilize markets, and support strategic economic goals. This can include preventing firms from liquidation in cases where those firms are crucial for national economic stability.
4. Redistribution of Wealth: Nationalization can be a tool for redistributing wealth, particularly if industries are previously owned by a small, wealthy segment of the population or foreign entities.
5. Promote Employment: The government may aim to maintain or increase employment opportunities in crucial industries by keeping them operational and under state management.
Overall, while making profits for the government can be a benefit of nationalization, the primary objective is often that of exercising control over key industries for the aforementioned strategic and social reasons.
Question 27 Report
Which of the following is NOT a credit instrument?
Answer Details
The term **credit instrument** refers to a written document that provides evidence of a borrower's promise to repay a debt. These instruments allow the transfer of money or credit between parties. Each of the options given is assessed below:
Bill of Exchange: This is a written order used primarily in international trade that binds one party to pay a fixed sum of money to another party at a predetermined future date. It is a credit instrument as it facilitates deferred payments.
Bank Notes: These are the paper currency issued by a central bank that people can use to pay for goods and services. They are not credit instruments because they represent actual money rather than a promise to pay in the future.
Cheques: A cheque is a written order directing a bank to pay money as instructed from the account holder's balance. It is a credit instrument as it allows the holder to defer payment until it is presented at the bank.
Bill of Lading: This is a document issued by a carrier to acknowledge receipt of cargo for shipment. It is mainly used to transfer goods and does not involve deferred payments or evidence of a debt, thus it is not a credit instrument.
Therefore, among the given options, the Bill of Lading is NOT a credit instrument as it is primarily related to the shipment and receipt of goods, and not to financial credit or promises of payment.
Question 28 Report
Use the information below to answer this question.
Aisha sold her wristwatch to Halima for #2,000.00 and she paid. The sum of #2,000.00 is the
Answer Details
The sum of #2,000.00 in the transaction between Aisha and Halima is referred to as the consideration. In contracts and transactions, particularly in legal terms, a consideration is something of value that is exchanged between parties involved in an agreement. It can be in the form of money, goods, services, or a promise to act or refrain from acting. In this case, Halima paid Aisha #2,000.00 as a consideration for the wristwatch. This makes the transaction a valid contract where the consideration is the monetary amount exchanged for the wristwatch.
Question 29 Report
Which of these is used in calculating working capital?
Answer Details
Working capital is a financial metric that represents the difference between a company's current assets and current liabilities. It is used to assess a company's short-term liquidity and operational efficiency. In calculating working capital, we focus on the **current assets**, which are assets that are expected to be converted into cash or used up within one year.
Among the options provided:
Therefore, the **stock of raw material** is used in calculating working capital because it is a **current asset**. Working capital is calculated using the formula:
Working Capital = Current Assets - Current Liabilities
In this formula, **current assets** would include items such as stocks of raw material, cash, accounts receivable, etc. As a result, stock of raw material is relevant for determining a company's ability to meet its short-term obligations and manage day-to-day operations.
Question 30 Report
Banks issue cheque books to customers holding ___________ accounts.
Answer Details
Banks issue cheque books to customers holding current accounts.
Let me explain why:
A current account is designed for regular transactions. It is ideal for individuals or businesses that need frequent access to their funds. This account allows for multiple daily transactions such as deposits, withdrawals, and transfers.
One primary feature of a current account is the ability to issue cheques. A cheque is a written order to a bank to pay a certain amount of money from one’s account to another person or entity.
Unlike a current account, foreign accounts, deposit accounts, and fixed deposit accounts serve different purposes:
Therefore, banks provide cheque books specifically for current accounts to facilitate regular transactions.
Question 31 Report
A ship which has no fixed schedule and travels wherever it can find cargoes to carry is a
Answer Details
A ship that does not have a fixed schedule and travels wherever it can find cargoes to carry is known as a tramp ship.
Here's why it is called a tramp ship:
Tramp ships operate differently from other types of vessels, such as liners or ferry boats. They do not follow a set route or schedule. Instead, they are flexible and can go to any port where there is cargo to be transported. This means that their operations are based on demand rather than a predetermined timetable.
To put it simply, a tramp ship is like a freelance vessel that looks for cargo opportunities and travels based on where the work is, rather than sticking to a specific route or timeline. This provides a degree of freedom and responsiveness to market demands that fixed-schedule ships, like liners, do not have.
Question 32 Report
Answer Details
An agreement that is enforceable in law is called a contract.
Here's why:
1. A contract is a legal agreement between two or more parties. Each party agrees to do or not to do something in exchange for some benefit, typically referred to as consideration. In simpler terms, it's a promise or set of promises that the law will enforce.
2. For an agreement to be considered a contract, it generally must contain the following elements:
3. Unlike a decree or a declaration which are generally formal statements or orders typically issued by a government or authority, or an offer which is a proposal but not yet binding, a contract actively binds the parties involved and can be enforced by law. If one party fails to fulfill their stipulated duties, the other can seek legal remedies.
Question 33 Report
The functions of public corporations include the following EXCEPT
Answer Details
Public corporations are established primarily to serve the interests of society, offering critical services and contributing to the economic well-being of the community. Let's explore the functions mentioned:
In conclusion, the function that does not align with the objectives of public corporations is maximizing profits for the board members. These entities prioritize public service over profit maximization.
Question 34 Report
Which of the following is NOT part of the marketing mix?
Answer Details
The marketing mix is commonly referred to as the "4 Ps", which are key elements involved in executing a marketing strategy effectively. These elements are:
Unlike the "4 Ps," personnel is not traditionally considered a part of the marketing mix. While having skilled and well-trained staff is crucial for customer service and operations, it is not one of the main components in the traditional marketing mix. Thus, among the options provided, personnel is NOT part of the marketing mix.
Question 35 Report
The association that encourages savings for the benefit of its members is known as
Answer Details
The association that encourages savings for the benefit of its members is known as a Credit and Thrift Co-operative Society.
Let me explain this in simple terms:
In summary, a Credit and Thrift Co-operative Society is all about saving money together as a group and supporting each other financially by providing easy access to loans.
Question 36 Report
The body charged with the responsibility monitoring the quality of goods supplied is the
Answer Details
The body responsible for monitoring the quality of goods supplied is the Nigerian Standards Organization. This organization, also known as the Standards Organization of Nigeria (SON), is charged with setting and ensuring compliance with product quality standards for goods in the country. Their primary role is to develop and implement standards that help safeguard both consumers and the environment by ensuring that products are safe, reliable, and of good quality.
The SON conducts inspections, tests, and other evaluative measures on products to ascertain their quality. Additionally, they educate manufacturers and stakeholders about necessary standards and oversee adherence to these standards in production and distribution processes. Through these activities, the organization aims to protect consumers from harm, fraudulent practices, and low-quality products, while also enhancing the competitiveness of Nigerian goods both locally and internationally.
Question 37 Report
Which of the following forms part of a company's Article of Association?
Answer Details
The name of the company is an essential component of the Articles of Association. It specifies the legal name under which the company operates and is registered.
Question 38 Report
Which of the following is NOT part of Pre-Sales Service/ice?
Answer Details
Pre-sales services are the activities and support provided to potential buyers before the actual sale takes place. These services aim to assist customers in making informed purchasing decisions and to facilitate a smooth sales process. They typically include activities such as providing information about the products, answering inquiries, and assisting with product selection. However, granting credit or hire purchase sales facilities is not typically considered a pre-sales service.
Question 39 Report
Which of the following does a seller send in reply to a letter of inquiry?
Answer Details
When a potential buyer sends a seller a **letter of inquiry**, they are typically asking for information regarding the availability, price, and terms of products or services. In reply to this inquiry, a seller typically sends a **quotation**.
Here is why a **quotation** is the appropriate response:
In conclusion, a seller sends a quotation in response to a letter of inquiry because it addresses the buyer's questions about pricing and other terms related to potential products or services they might purchase.
Question 40 Report
Bonded warehouse is controlled and supervised by
Answer Details
A bonded warehouse is a secure facility where goods are stored, and duties or taxes are deferred until the goods are removed and sold. These warehouses play a crucial role in international trade.
A bonded warehouse is specifically controlled and supervised by customs authorities. Customs are responsible for the regulation and examination of goods that are imported or possibly exported from the country.
Here is why customs control bonded warehouses:
This control by customs is crucial for maintaining transparency and compliance in the import and export of goods, ensuring the appropriate duties are collected and that regulations are respected.
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