JAMB UTME - Physics - 1989

From the kinetic theory of gases, temperature is a

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The plane mirrors in a kaleidoscope are usually placed

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The plane mirrors in a kaleidoscope are usually placed at an angle to one another. This angle can vary but is often around 60 degrees. This angle creates a repeating pattern of reflections, which creates the beautiful and intricate designs that kaleidoscopes are known for. The mirrors need to be angled so that the reflections overlap and create a continuous pattern. The mirrors can be made of glass or plastic and are coated with a thin layer of reflective material, such as aluminum, which allows for the reflection of light to create the patterns.

The resistance of a 5m uniform wire of cross-sectional area 0.2 x 10-6m2 is 0.425. What is the resistivity of the material of the wire?

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The resistivity of a material is a measure of its resistance to the flow of electric current. It is denoted by the Greek letter rho (ρ) and has the unit of ohm-meter (Ω•m). The resistivity of a material depends on its intrinsic properties, such as its composition, temperature, and crystal structure. To find the resistivity of the material of the wire, we can use the formula: resistivity = (resistance x cross-sectional area) / length Here, we know the resistance of the wire (0.425 Ω), its length (5 m), and its cross-sectional area (0.2 x 10^-6 m^2). Substituting these values into the formula, we get: resistivity = (0.425 Ω x 0.2 x 10^-6 m^2) / 5 m resistivity = 0.017 x 10^-6 Ω•m resistivity = 1.7 x 10^-8 Ω•m Therefore, the resistivity of the material of the wire is 1.7 x 10^-8 Ω•m. Option D is the correct answer.

A block-and-tackle system is used to lift a load of 20N through a vertical height of 10m. if the efficiency of the system is 40%, how much work is done against friction?

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Efficiency = $\frac{output}{input}$ x 100

40 = $\frac{20\times 10}{input}$ x $\frac{100}{1}$

input = 500J

work against friction = input - output

= 500 - 200 = 300J

An electric heater is used to melt a block of ice of mass 1.5kg. If the heater is powered by a 12V battery and a current of 20A flows through the coil, calculate the time taken to melt the block of ice at 0oC. [specific latent heat of fusion of ice = 336 x 103Jkg-1]

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To melt a block of ice, the heat energy required is given by: Q = mL Where Q is the heat energy, m is the mass of the ice, and L is the specific latent heat of fusion of ice. The power of the electric heater is given by: P = VI Where P is the power, V is the voltage of the battery, and I is the current flowing through the coil. The time taken to melt the block of ice is given by: t = Q/P Substituting the given values: V = 12V I = 20A m = 1.5kg L = 336 x 10^3 J/kg P = VI = 12V x 20A = 240W Q = mL = 1.5kg x 336 x 10^3 J/kg = 504 x 10^3 J t = Q/P = 504 x 10^3 J / 240W = 2100s = 35min (approx) Therefore, the time taken to melt the block of ice is approximately 35 minutes. Explanation: The electric heater converts electrical energy into heat energy. The heat energy produced by the heater is used to melt the ice. The amount of heat energy required to melt a given mass of ice is known as the specific latent heat of fusion of ice. The power of the electric heater is given by the product of voltage and current. Using the formula for heat energy required to melt the ice, and the power of the electric heater, we can calculate the time taken to melt the ice block.

Three 2-µF capacitors are arranged as seen in the circuit above . The effective capacitance between E and F is

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To find the effective capacitance between points E and F, we need to analyze the circuit and determine which capacitors are in series and which are in parallel. Capacitors in series add reciprocally, while capacitors in parallel add directly.

Starting from point E, the two capacitors connected to it are in series. Their combined capacitance is:

C₁ + C₂ = 2µF + 2µF = 4µF

This 4µF equivalent capacitor is in parallel with the third 2µF capacitor, so the total capacitance between E and F is:

C_total = C₁ + C₂ || C₃

C_total = C₁ + C₂ + C₃ / (C₁ + C₂) || C₃

C_total = (C₁ + C₂) * C₃ / (C₁ + C₂ + C₃)

C_total = (4µF) * (2µF) / (4µF + 2µF)

C_total = 8µF / 6µF

C_total = 1.33µF

Therefore, the effective capacitance between E and F is 1.33µF.

A piece of wood of mass 40g and uniform cross-sectional area of 2cm2 floats upright in water. The length of the wood immersed is

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To float upright, the buoyant force on the wood must be equal to the weight of the wood. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the water displaced by the wood, which is also equal to the volume of the water displaced multiplied by the density of water. Since the wood floats upright, the volume of the water displaced is equal to the volume of the part of the wood that is submerged. Let's assume that the length of the wood immersed is "x" cm. Then the volume of the water displaced is the cross-sectional area of the wood (2 cm²) multiplied by the length of the wood immersed (x cm). Therefore, the buoyant force on the wood is: Buoyant force = Volume of water displaced × Density of water Buoyant force = (2 cm² × x cm) × 1 g/cm³ Buoyant force = 2x g The weight of the wood is 40 g. For the wood to float upright, the buoyant force must be equal to the weight of the wood: 2x g = 40 g Solving for x, we get: x = 20 cm Therefore, the length of the wood immersed is 20 cm.

Dispersion of light by a glass prism is due to the

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Dispersion of light by a glass prism is due to the different speeds of the various colors in glass. When light passes through a prism, it bends or refracts, and each color bends differently because they have different wavelengths and travel at different speeds in the glass. This causes the colors to spread out or disperse, creating the beautiful rainbow of colors that we see. The amount of refraction depends on the angle at which the light enters the prism and the refractive index of the glass. The high density of the glass also plays a role in this process by slowing down the speed of light.

Eight alpha decays and six beta decays are necessary before an atom of 2 ${}_{92}^{238}U$ achieves stability. The final product in the chain has an atomic number of

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U $\to$ 8(${}_2^{4}He$) + 6(${}_{-1}^{0}e$) + ${}_a^{b}X$

92 = (8 X 2) + (6 X -1) + a

a = 82

Which of the following is TRUE of the particles emitted in radioactive disintegration?

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When a yellow card is observed through a blue glass, the card would appear.

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Light of wavelength 5000 x 10-8cm travels in free space with a velocity of 3 x 108ms-1. What is its wavelength in glass of refractive index 1.5?

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The speed of light in a vacuum is constant, but its speed decreases when it passes through a medium such as glass. The refractive index of a medium is a measure of how much the speed of light is reduced when it passes through that medium. The refractive index of glass is 1.5. To find the wavelength of light in glass, we can use the formula: wavelength in glass = wavelength in vacuum / refractive index of glass In this case, the wavelength in vacuum is given as 5000 x 10^-8 cm, and the refractive index of glass is 1.5. Plugging these values into the formula, we get: wavelength in glass = (5000 x 10^-8 cm) / 1.5 = 3333 x 10^-8 cm Therefore, the answer is option A: 3333 x 10^-8 cm.

The figure above shows a uniform circular object, center R and diameter PS. A circular section 6 and Diameter PR is cut from it. if PQRS is a straight line, where is center of gravity of the figure

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An ammeter of resistance 1.0$\Omega$ has a full-scale deflection of 50mA. Determine the resultant full-scale deflection of the meter when a shunt of 0.0111$\Omega$ is connected across its terminals.

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V = 0.1 x 50 x 10-3 = 5 x 10-3volts

RT = $\frac{0.1\times 0.0111}{0.1+0.0111}$

= 9.99 x 10-3$\Omega$

V = IR $\Rightarrow$ I

= $\frac{5\times {10}^{-3}}{9.9\times {10}^{-3}}$

= 0.5A ; = 500mA

A beam of radiation is passed between a pair of charged plates as indicated in the fig above. Beam P is undetected While Q is deflected to the left. P and Q respectively should be

I.γ-rays β-rays
II. x-rays β-rays
III. γ-rays x-rays
IV. x-rays x-rays

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A mass of gas at 7oC and 70cm of mercury has a volume of 1200cm3. Determine its volume at 27oC and pressure of 75cm of mercury.

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$\frac{V_1{P}_1}{T_1}$ = $\frac{V_2{P}_2}{T_2}$

$\frac{70\times 1200}{7\times 273}$ = $\frac{75\times V_2}{27+273}$

V2 = 1200cm3

An object is placed at 5.6 x 10-4m in front of a converging lens of focal length 1.0 x 10-nm. The image formed is

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The given problem involves a converging lens, which means it has a positive focal length. The object is placed at a distance of 5.6 x 10^-4 m from the lens. Using the lens formula (1/f = 1/v - 1/u), we can find the image distance (v). 1/f = 1/v - 1/u 1/1.0 x 10^-n = 1/v - 1/5.6 x 10^-4 On simplifying the above equation, we get: v = (1.0 x 10^-n)(5.6 x 10^-4) / (1.0 x 10^-n + 5.6 x 10^-4) We can see that the image distance (v) depends on the value of n. However, regardless of the value of n, we can still determine the nature of the image formed by considering the sign of v. If v is positive, the image is real and located on the opposite side of the lens as the object. If v is negative, the image is virtual and located on the same side of the lens as the object. In this case, the object is placed on the left side of the lens and the lens is converging. Therefore, the image formed will be real and located on the right side of the lens. So, the options (2) and (4) can be eliminated. Now, we need to determine the orientation and size of the image. For this, we can use the magnification formula (m = -v/u), where u is the object distance. m = -v/u = -[(1.0 x 10^-n)(5.6 x 10^-4) / (1.0 x 10^-n + 5.6 x 10^-4)] / (5.6 x 10^-4) On simplifying the above equation, we get: m = -1 / (1 + 1.0 x 10^n/5.6) We can see that the magnification (m) is negative, which means that the image is inverted with respect to the object. Also, the magnitude of the magnification depends on the value of n. However, regardless of the value of n, we can still determine the relative size of the image by considering its absolute value. If |m| > 1, the image is magnified. If |m| < 1, the image is diminished. If |m| = 1, the image is the same size as the object. In this case, the magnitude of the magnification is greater than 1 (i.e., |m| > 1), which means that the image is magnified. Therefore, the correct option is (3) Real, inverted and magnified.

When the tension in a sonometer wire is doubled, the ratio of the new frequency to the initial frequency is

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When the tension in a sonometer wire is doubled, the frequency of the sound produced by the wire changes. The formula for the frequency of the sound produced by a wire is: f = (1/2L) √(T/μ) Where f is the frequency, L is the length of the wire, T is the tension in the wire, and μ is the linear density of the wire. If we double the tension T, the new frequency f' can be calculated as: f' = (1/2L) √(2T/μ) Now, we can simplify this equation by dividing f' by f: f'/f = [(1/2L) √(2T/μ)] / [(1/2L) √(T/μ)] f'/f = √(2T/μ) / √(T/μ) f'/f = √(2T/μ) x 1/√(T/μ) f'/f = √(2T/μ) / √(T/μ) f'/f = √(2) Therefore, when the tension in a sonometer wire is doubled, the ratio of the new frequency to the initial frequency is √2. represents the correct answer.

A simple pendulum of mass m moves along an arc pf a circle radius R in a vertical plane as shown above. What is the work done by gravity in a downward swing through the angle q to 0 degree

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A bar magnet is most effectively demagnetized by

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A far sighted person cannot see objects that are less than 100cm away. If this person wants to read a book at 25cm, what type and focal length of lens does he need?

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A calibrated potentiometer is used to measure the e.m.f. of a cell because the

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The magnitude of the resultant of two mutually perpendicular forces, F1 and F2 is 13N, if the magnitude of F1 is 5N, what is the magnitude of F2?

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When two forces act on an object at the same time, their combined effect is given by their resultant. The magnitude of the resultant force can be found by using the Pythagorean theorem, which states that in a right-angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse (the longest side) is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. In this case, we know that the magnitude of the resultant force is 13N, and one of the forces, F1, has a magnitude of 5N. Since F1 and F2 are perpendicular, they form the two sides of a right-angled triangle, with the resultant force as the hypotenuse. Therefore, we can use the Pythagorean theorem to find the magnitude of F2: Resultant force^2 = F1^2 + F2^2 13^2 = 5^2 + F2^2 F2^2 = 13^2 - 5^2 F2^2 = 144 F2 = √144 F2 = 12N Therefore, the magnitude of F2 is 12N.

The function of a 5-A fuse included in a circuit supplying a household refrigerator with power is to keep the

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The function of a 5-A fuse in a circuit supplying a household refrigerator with power is to keep the current supplied to the refrigerator below 5A. A fuse is an electrical safety device that protects the circuit from overloading or short-circuiting. When the current flowing through the circuit exceeds a certain limit, the fuse melts and breaks the circuit, stopping the flow of electricity. In this case, the 5-A fuse is specifically chosen to break the circuit if the current supplied to the refrigerator exceeds 5A. This prevents the refrigerator from being damaged by too much current and ensures that it operates safely within its designed limits.

A thin film of liquid is trapped between two glass plates. The force required to pull the plates apart will increase if the

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The electrochemical equivalent of silver is 0.0012gC-1. If 36.0g of silver is to be deposited by electrolysis on a surface by passing a steady current for 5.0mins, the current must be

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The electrochemical equivalent of silver (Ag) is the amount of Ag deposited on a surface per unit charge passed through an electrolytic cell. It is given as 0.0012 gC-1. To find the current required to deposit 36.0g of Ag on a surface by electrolysis in 5.0 minutes, we can use the following formula: Current (I) = (mass of substance deposited)/(electrochemical equivalent × time) Substituting the given values, we get: I = (36.0 g)/(0.0012 gC-1 × 5.0 × 60 s) Simplifying this expression, we get: I = 100 A Therefore, the current required to deposit 36.0g of Ag on a surface by electrolysis in 5.0 minutes is 100 A.

The pressure on the gas of constant gas thermometer at the ice point is 325mm of mercury and at the steam point is 875mm of mercury. Find the temperature when the pressure of the gas is 190mm of mercury

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100$\theta$ .... 875mm

0$\theta$ ....325mm

$\theta$ .... 190mm

$\frac{0-\theta }{100-\theta }$ = $\frac{325-190}{875-190}$

$\theta$ = -25oC

= 243k

Two points on a velocity time-graph have coordinates (5s, 10ms-1) and (20s, 20ms-1). Calculate the mean acceleration between the two points

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To calculate the mean acceleration between the two points, we need to find the change in velocity and the time taken for that change. Change in velocity = final velocity - initial velocity Here, the initial velocity is given as 10 ms-1 and the final velocity is given as 20 ms-1. Change in velocity = 20 ms-1 - 10 ms-1 = 10 ms-1 The time taken for this change is given by the difference in time coordinates of the two points. Time taken = final time - initial time Here, the initial time is given as 5s and the final time is given as 20s. Time taken = 20s - 5s = 15s Now, we can calculate the mean acceleration using the formula: Mean acceleration = change in velocity / time taken Mean acceleration = 10 ms-1 / 15s = 0.67 ms-1 Therefore, the correct option is 0.67ms-1. In simple terms, the mean acceleration between two points on a velocity-time graph is the average rate of change of velocity over that interval of time. It tells us how much the velocity changes on average per unit time.

When a number of identical small magnets are arranged in a line, the strength of the resultant magnet

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When a radiation strikes a metal surface, electrons may be ejected from the metal. The maximum kinetic energy which may be acquired by an ejected electron depend on the

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In the figure above W1 = 200g, and W2 =450g . Calculate the extension of the spring per unit load? [g = 10ms-2]

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To calculate the extension of the spring per unit load, we need to first calculate the total weight (W) acting on the spring, which is the sum of W1 and W2: W = W1 + W2 W = (200g) + (450g) W = 650g To convert this weight to force, we can multiply it by the acceleration due to gravity (g): F = Wg F = (650g)(10ms^-2) F = 6500mN The extension of the spring per unit load (x/F) can be calculated using Hooke's Law, which states that the force (F) exerted by a spring is directly proportional to its extension (x), with the constant of proportionality being the spring constant (k): F = kx Rearranging this equation, we get: x/F = 1/k So we need to find the value of the spring constant (k) to calculate x/F. This can be done by applying a known load to the spring and measuring the resulting extension. Since we don't have that information, let's assume that the spring constant is given in the question. (6.0 x 10^-3 mN^-1) is the correct answer for x/F. To see why, we can rearrange the equation for Hooke's Law to solve for the spring constant: k = F/x Substituting the values we calculated earlier, we get: k = (6500mN)/(0.00108m) k = 6.0 x 10^-3 mN^-1 Finally, substituting this value of k into the equation for x/F, we get: x/F = 1/k x/F = 1/(6.0 x 10^-3 mN^-1) x/F = 6.0 x 10^-3 mN^-1 Therefore, the extension of the spring per unit load is 6.0 x 10^-3 mN^-1

Which of the following devices are used to measure pressure? i. Aneroid barometer. ii. hydrometer. iii. hygrometer. iv. manometer.

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The devices that are used to measure pressure are aneroid barometer and manometer. An aneroid barometer measures atmospheric pressure, while a manometer is used to measure the pressure of gases and liquids. A hydrometer measures the density of a liquid, while a hygrometer measures the humidity of the air. Therefore, options i and iv are the correct ones that indicate the devices used to measure pressure.

The magnification of the image of an object placed in front of a convex mirror is $\frac{1}{3}$. If the radius of curvature of the mirror is 24cm, what is the distance between its object and its image?

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F = uv ; v = 1u

12 = $\frac{v+3v}{v+3v}$

v = 16cm, u = 48cm

distance between U and V

= 48 - 16 =32cm

In the above circuit diagrams A is the ammeter and V is the Voltmeter. Which of the circuits is correct for finding the correct value of the resistance R

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In a sound wave in air, the adjacent rarefactions and compressions are separated by a distance of 17cm. If the velocity of the sound wave is 340ms-1. Determine the frequency

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$\lambda$ = 2L

2 x 17 = 34cm

F = $\frac{V}{\lambda }$

= $\frac{340}{34\times {10}^{-2}}$

= 1000Hz

The total power drawn from the cell in the circuit above is

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Which of the following is a set of vectors?

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The set of vectors among the options given is acceleration, velocity, and moment. A vector is a quantity that has both magnitude (size) and direction, and can be represented by an arrow. Acceleration and velocity are both vector quantities in physics, with direction and magnitude that can be measured. Moment, or torque, is also a vector quantity that describes a rotational force with a direction and magnitude. Force, mass, weight, and density are all scalar quantities, which means they have only magnitude (size) and no direction. Mass and volume are also scalar quantities, but density can be a vector quantity if the direction is defined, such as in the case of density gradient.

A block of mass m is held in equilibrium against a vertical wall by a horizontal force. If the coefficient of friction between the wall and the block is µ, the minimum value of the horizontal force is

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Which of the following pairs is NOT part of the electromagnetic spectrum? i. Radio waves. ii. Beta rays. iii. Gamma rays. iv. Alpha rays

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The figure above shows a conductor PQ carrying a current I in the direction shown. At a particular position near the conductor is a compass needle K. Neglecting the earth's magnetic field, the compass needle will

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When a current flows through a conductor, it creates a magnetic field around it. The magnetic field lines form circles around the conductor, with the direction of the field given by the right-hand rule. The magnetic field created by the current in conductor PQ will interact with the magnetic field of the compass needle, causing the needle to deflect. The direction of deflection of the compass needle depends on the direction of the magnetic field created by the current in conductor PQ. The needle will settle in a fixed direction whether or not conductor PQ is a magnetic material. Therefore, the correct option is "settle in a fixed direction WHETHER the conductor PQ is a magnetic material OR NOT."

Two insulated charged spheres of different sizes and carrying opposite charges are connected together by a metallic conductor. Current will flow from one sphere to the other until both sphere

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When two insulated charged spheres of different sizes and opposite charges are connected together by a metallic conductor, electrons will flow from the sphere with a higher negative charge to the sphere with a lower negative charge until both spheres have the same charge magnitude and sign. This process continues until both spheres are at the same potential or voltage. The charges on the spheres distribute themselves evenly over the entire surface of both spheres, and the potential difference between them decreases until it reaches zero. The size of the spheres does not affect this process, but it determines the amount of charge that each sphere can hold. The temperature does not have any significant impact on this process as well. Therefore, the correct option is: "carry the same magnitude and sign of charge" and "are at the same potential."

The air column as shown above is set into vibration by the turning fork. In this State of resonance, the waves in the air column will be

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A vibrator of frequency 60Hz is used in generating transverse stationary waves in a long thin wire, If the average distance between successive nodes on the wire is 45cm, find the speed of the transverse waves in the wire.

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V = $\lambda$F

= 60 x 45 x 10-2

= 27ms-1

Three resistors, with substances 250$\Omega$, 500$\Omega$ and 1k$\Omega$ are connected in series. A 6V battery is connected to either end of the combination. Calculate the pot3ential difference between the end of the 250$\Omega$ resistor.

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Using voltage - divider method

v1 = $\frac{\left(R_1\right)}{R_T}$VT

= $\frac{250}{1750}$ x $\frac{6}{1}$

= 0.86V

A column of air 10.0cm long is trapped in a tube at 27oC. What is the length of the volume at 100oC?

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$\frac{V_1}{T_1}$ = $\frac{V_2}{T_2}$

$\frac{10\times A}{27+273}$ = $\frac{L\times A}{100+273}$

L = 12.43cm