WAEC SSCE - Biology - 2014 (Objective)

Question 1 Report

In the diagram, the young proglottid is represented by

iii

Answer Details

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Question 2 Report

The legs of an accident victim with a fractured vertebral column and injured spinal cord could not be raised because

impulses fromreceptors in the legs cannot travel to the brain

impulses from the brain cannot travel to the legs

chemical substances will be released at synapses in the central nervous system

reflexx actions cannot take place in the legs

Answer Details

Read lesson note on Cell Structure (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Nervous Coordination (WAEC)

Cell Structure

Nervous Coordination

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Question 3 Report

An inferior ovary of a flower is situated

below the floral parts

above the floral parts

at the same level with all the floral parts

at the centre of the floral parts

Answer Details

An inferior ovary of a flower is situated below the floral parts. In a flower, the ovary is the structure that contains the ovules and later develops into a fruit. If the ovary is inferior, it means that it is located beneath the attachment point of the other floral parts such as the petals, sepals, and stamens. The inferior ovary is often surrounded by a floral tube formed by the fusion of the sepals, petals, and stamens. This is in contrast to a superior ovary, which is located above the attachment point of the other floral parts.

Read lesson note on Reproduction (JAMB)

Read lesson note on Internal Structure Of A Flowering Plant (JAMB)

Reproduction

Internal Structure Of A Flowering Plant

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Question 4 Report

In the diagram, the part responsible for photosynthesis is labelled

iii

Answer Details

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Question 5 Report

Which of the following statements about asexual reproduction is correct? It

always involves one parent but the offspring is genetically different from the parent.

may involve two parents but the offspring is always identical to one parent

always involves one parent and the offspring is genetically identical to the parent

involves two parents but the offspring is not genetically identical to any of the parents

Answer Details

The correct statement about asexual reproduction is that it always involves one parent and the offspring is genetically identical to the parent. In asexual reproduction, a single parent organism produces offspring that are genetically identical to itself, without the involvement of gametes or the fusion of nuclei. This type of reproduction is common in simple organisms like bacteria, protists, and some plants. The offspring produced through asexual reproduction have the same DNA as the parent organism, which means they are genetically identical. This process helps to maintain the characteristics of a particular species over time.

Read lesson note on Growth (JAMB)

Growth

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Question 6 Report

Which of the following natural resources is non-renewable?

Water

Coal

Forest

Air

Answer Details

Coal is a non-renewable natural resource. This means that once it is extracted from the earth and used, it cannot be replenished or replaced within a human lifespan. Coal takes millions of years to form, and therefore it is not considered a sustainable resource. In contrast, resources such as water and air are renewable, as they can be replenished naturally over time. Forests can be renewable if they are managed sustainably, but if they are over-harvested or destroyed, it can take many years for them to regrow and function as they did before.

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Question 7 Report

Which of the following cell inclusions can destroy other cell organelles?

Centriole

Ribosome

Lysosome

Mitochondrion

Answer Details

Lysosome is the cell inclusion that can destroy other cell organelles. Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain enzymes capable of breaking down biomolecules. They function as the cell's digestive system, breaking down worn-out organelles, cell debris, and foreign substances that have been ingested by the cell. In the process of autophagy, lysosomes also degrade and recycle old or damaged cell components. Therefore, lysosomes have the ability to destroy other cell organelles.

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Question 8 Report

Older parts of plant roots do not normally absorb water because

they lack xylem

they have small surface area

the phloem is dead

they lack root hairs

Answer Details

Older parts of plant roots do not normally absorb water because they lack root hairs. Root hairs are tiny protrusions from the epidermal cells of the root that increase the surface area for water and mineral absorption. As roots get older, the root hairs wear out and do not regenerate, leading to reduced surface area and a decrease in the plant's ability to absorb water and minerals. However, the xylem, which transports water and minerals, is present in the entire length of the root, including the older parts.

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Question 9 Report

Which of the following substances constitute domestic waste?
I Fertilizer II. Insecticides III. Sewage IV. Crude oil
V. Sulphur dioxide

l only

lll only

lV only

ll and V only

Answer Details

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Question 10 Report

Which of the following conditions in flowering plants enhance self-pollination?

Cleistogamy

Heterostyly

Protandry

Protogyny

Answer Details

Among the options provided, the condition that enhances self-pollination in flowering plants is cleistogamy. Cleistogamous flowers are self-fertile and never open, meaning the anthers and stigma are in close proximity to facilitate self-pollination. This adaptation is useful in ensuring successful reproduction even when pollinators are scarce or absent. Heterostyly, protandry, and protogyny are mechanisms that promote cross-pollination. Heterostyly involves the presence of flowers with different style and stamen lengths, which promotes cross-pollination between different plants. Protandry is the condition where the anthers mature before the stigma, while protogyny is the opposite condition where the stigma matures before the anthers. Both conditions promote cross-pollination as they encourage the plant to receive pollen from a different plant or source.

Read lesson note on Internal Structure Of A Flowering Plant (JAMB)

Internal Structure Of A Flowering Plant

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Question 11 Report

Which of the following statements about chromosomes is correct?

All the chromosomes of a species are the same in shape

the bear number present in a species is constant

they are neatly arranged in the eytoplasm

They bear ribosomes on their outer membranes

Answer Details

The correct statement about chromosomes is that the chromosome number present in a species is constant. Chromosomes are thread-like structures found in the nucleus of a cell and carry genetic information in the form of DNA. Each species has a specific number of chromosomes, and this number is constant within the species. For example, humans have 46 chromosomes, dogs have 78 chromosomes, and cats have 38 chromosomes. Chromosomes vary in size, shape, and arrangement, and they are not neatly arranged in the cytoplasm. The outer membrane of the nucleus bears nuclear pores, which allow molecules such as RNA to move in and out of the nucleus, but not ribosomes. The ability to bear ribosomes is a characteristic of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, which is an organelle involved in protein synthesis.

Read lesson note on Chromosomes: The Basis Of Heredity (WAEC)

Chromosomes: The Basis Of Heredity

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Question 12 Report

A small stem from a hibiscus plant was placed in a nutrieent medium, and it developed into a new plant. The new plant was reproduced

asexually with different genotype from the parent plant

sexually with a different genotype from the parent plant

asexually with the same genotype as the parent plant

sexually with the same genotype as the parent plant

Answer Details

The new plant reproduced asexually with the same genotype as the parent plant. This process is called vegetative propagation, where a new plant is produced from a vegetative part of the parent plant (in this case, a stem) without the involvement of gametes or fertilization. The new plant is essentially a clone of the parent plant and has the same genetic makeup.

Read lesson note on Growth (JAMB)

Growth

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Question 13 Report

In a Biuret test , some protein was mixed with sodium hydroxide solution. Which of the following chemicals should be added to the mixture for a positive result?

mercurous nitrate

copper sulphate

sodium carbonate

silver nitrate

Answer Details

To conduct a Biuret test, after adding sodium hydroxide to the protein solution, copper sulphate should be added to the mixture for a positive result. This is because the Biuret test is a colorimetric test used to detect peptide bonds in proteins. When copper (II) ions react with peptide bonds in an alkaline solution, a complex is formed that results in a violet or purple color. Therefore, the presence of copper sulphate in the protein-sodium hydroxide mixture is necessary for the test to detect the presence of protein.

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Question 14 Report

Lamarck's theory of evolution is based on the fact that

organisms acquire genes from their parents

organisms pass on acquired characters to their offspring

characteristics of organisms are determined by the creator

characteristics of organisms are the sum of their parents characters

Answer Details

Lamarck's theory of evolution is based on the idea that organisms can acquire new traits during their lifetime through use or disuse of certain body parts, and that these acquired traits can be passed down to their offspring. In other words, Lamarck believed that an organism can change its characteristics over time, and those changes can be inherited by its offspring. This is known as the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics. However, this theory has been largely discredited by modern science, as it is now understood that genetic information is only passed down through DNA, and not through changes that occur during an organism's lifetime.

Read lesson note on Theories Of Evolution (JAMB)

Read lesson note on Evolution (Theories and Evidence) (WAEC)

Theories Of Evolution

Evolution (Theories and Evidence)

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Question 15 Report

The following events occur during mitosis in a cell:
I. Chromatids separate;
II. Chromosomes become visible;
III. Chromosomes align at the equator
IV. Cytoplasm divides (Cytokinesis):
The correct sequence of the events is

lll, ll,lV,l.

ll, lll, l,lV

ll, l, lll, lV

II, IV, I, III.

Answer Details

The correct sequence of events during mitosis is: II. Chromosomes become visible; III. Chromosomes align at the equator; I. Chromatids separate; IV. Cytoplasm divides (Cytokinesis). This means that first, the chromosomes become visible, then they align at the equator, then the chromatids separate, and finally, the cytoplasm divides to form two daughter cells.

Read lesson note on Cellular Respiration (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Cell Cycle (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Movement (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Amoeba, Paramecium, And Euglena (WAEC)

Cellular Respiration

Cell Cycle

Movement

Amoeba, Paramecium, And Euglena

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Question 16 Report

The difference between a community and population is

a community is made up of organisms of the same species while a population is made up of organisms of different species

a community is made up of populations of living organisms while a populations is made up of organisms of the same secies

an ecological niche does not exist in the community but it does in a population

a community attracts competition but a population does not

Answer Details

The correct answer is: a community is made up of populations of living organisms while a population is made up of organisms of the same species. A population refers to a group of individuals of the same species living in a particular area at a particular time, while a community refers to all the populations of different species living in a particular area at a particular time. For example, a population can refer to all the lions in a particular game reserve, while the community would include all the different species of organisms living in the same game reserve, such as lions, zebras, giraffes, and many others. Therefore, the main difference between a community and a population is that a community includes different populations of different species, while a population includes individuals of the same species.

Read lesson note on Co-ordination And Control (JAMB)

Co-ordination And Control

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Question 17 Report

A meal consisting of yam and a lot of vegetables is not balanced because it does not contain

carbohydrates

proteins

vitamins

minerals

Answer Details

A meal consisting of yam and a lot of vegetables is not balanced because it does not contain enough proteins. While yam and vegetables are good sources of carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, they lack significant amounts of protein. Proteins are essential nutrients that play a crucial role in building and repairing body tissues, enzymes, and hormones. A balanced meal should contain a variety of foods from different food groups, including carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals, in the right proportions.

Read lesson note on Animal Nutrition (WAEC)

Animal Nutrition

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Question 18 Report

Which of the following organisms is the most specialized ?

paramecium

Amoeba

Spirogyra

Rhizopus

Answer Details

Rhizopus is the most specialized organism among the given options. Rhizopus is a fungus that belongs to the class Zygomycetes, and it is characterized by the formation of a specific structure called a zygospore during sexual reproduction. Rhizopus is also known for its ability to grow and spread rapidly on organic materials, and it is commonly found on bread, fruits, and other decaying plant matter. In contrast, paramecium, amoeba, and spirogyra are all unicellular organisms that lack specialized tissues and organs, making them less specialized than Rhizopus.

Read lesson note on Forms In Which Living Cells Exist (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Amoeba, Paramecium, And Euglena (WAEC)

Forms In Which Living Cells Exist

Amoeba, Paramecium, And Euglena

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Question 19 Report

The following organisms are consumers except

earthworm

spirogyra

bacteria

Rhizopus

Answer Details

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Question 20 Report

The main reason for nuptial flight in termites is to

escape unfavourable conditions

search for food

form new colonies

communicate with one another

Answer Details

Nuptial flight in termites is a behavior that involves the winged reproductive individuals leaving their parent colony to mate and start new colonies. The main reason for nuptial flight in termites is to form new colonies. During nuptial flight, male and female reproductive termites leave the parent colony and fly together in search of a suitable site for starting a new colony. Once they find a suitable site, they shed their wings and mate, after which the female starts to lay eggs and establish a new termite colony. Therefore, the main reason for nuptial flight in termites is to ensure the survival and propagation of the species through the formation of new colonies.

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Question 21 Report

The F1 generation of a cross between a red cock and white hen were all red because the gene for the

white colour did not segregate

red colour was dominant

white colour was dominant

red colour was recessive

Answer Details

In genetics, the physical appearance or trait expressed by an organism is determined by the alleles it inherits from its parents. Alleles are different versions of the same gene, and they can be either dominant or recessive. In this case, the F1 generation (first filial generation) of a cross between a red cock and white hen were all red, which means that they inherited the red allele from the red cock parent. The gene for the red color is dominant over the gene for white color, which is recessive. Therefore, in the F1 generation, all the offspring expressed the dominant allele for red color and not the recessive allele for white color, which did not segregate. Thus, the correct option is "red color was dominant".

Read lesson note on Probability In Genetics (Hybrid Formation) (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Chromosomes: The Basis Of Heredity (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Behavioural Adaptations In Social Animals (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Identification Of Organisms Using Biological Keys (WAEC)

Probability In Genetics (Hybrid Formation)

Chromosomes: The Basis Of Heredity

Behavioural Adaptations In Social Animals

Identification Of Organisms Using Biological Keys

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Question 22 Report

Which of the following statements about the circulation of water in nature is not correct? Water

constantly evaporates from seas, rivers, lakes and soil

vapour rises, cools, condenses and precipitates as rain and dew

removed from ocean is permanently lost

is lost in plants by transpiratin and decay

Answer Details

The statement that is not correct about the circulation of water in nature is "removed from ocean is permanently lost". This is incorrect because water removed from the ocean through evaporation is not permanently lost, but rather it goes through the water cycle, which is the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. The water cycle involves the evaporation of water from oceans, lakes, and rivers, which then forms clouds in the atmosphere. These clouds then release water in the form of precipitation (rain, snow, sleet, or hail) which falls on the land surface and replenishes rivers, lakes, and groundwater. Therefore, the water that evaporates from the ocean is not permanently lost but rather becomes part of the Earth's water cycle.

Read lesson note on Classification (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Ecosystem (WAEC)

Classification

Ecosystem

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Question 23 Report

The inability to maintain proper balance of the body in humans may be due to a defect in the

cochlea

Euastachian tube

Semi-circular canals

oval window

Answer Details

The inability to maintain proper balance of the body in humans may be due to a defect in the Semi-circular canals. The Semi-circular canals are three fluid-filled tubes located in the inner ear that are responsible for maintaining balance and detecting head movements. When the head moves, the fluid in the canals moves, which sends signals to the brain to help the body maintain its balance. If there is a defect in the semi-circular canals, it can affect the normal functioning of the balance system and cause balance problems such as vertigo, dizziness, and unsteadiness.

Read lesson note on Sense Organs (Eyes & Ears) (WAEC)

Sense Organs (Eyes & Ears)

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Question 24 Report

Characteristics that exhibit continuous variation are generally controlled by

a single gene

recessive genes

epistatic interactions

multiple genes

Answer Details

Characteristics that exhibit continuous variation are generally controlled by multiple genes. Continuous variation refers to traits that can vary along a continuous range, such as height or weight. These traits are not controlled by a single gene, but rather by the combined effects of multiple genes, often with additive effects. This is why the distribution of traits in a population tends to follow a bell-shaped curve, with most individuals clustering around the average and fewer individuals at the extremes.

Read lesson note on Heredity (JAMB)

Heredity

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Question 25 Report

Differences in characteristics that exist among individuals of the same species is referred to as

genetics

dominance

hybird

variation

Answer Details

Differences in characteristics that exist among individuals of the same species is referred to as variation. This means that individuals of the same species can have different traits or features, such as height, weight, color, or behavior. Variation can be influenced by genetic factors, environmental factors, or a combination of both. The presence of variation is important for the process of natural selection, which allows individuals with advantageous traits to survive and reproduce, while individuals with less advantageous traits are less likely to survive and pass on their genes to the next generation.

Read lesson note on Heredity (JAMB)

Heredity

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Question 26 Report

A characteristic feature of plant parasites is the

possession of holdfast

possession of rhizoids

development of hanging roots

development of haustoria

Answer Details

A characteristic feature of plant parasites is the development of haustoria. Haustoria are specialized organs that penetrate the host plant's tissue and allow the parasite to absorb nutrients and water from the host plant. This is a common adaptation seen in parasitic plants, such as mistletoe and dodder. Possession of holdfast, rhizoids or development of hanging roots are not necessarily associated with parasitism but may be adaptations for anchoring or absorbing nutrients in non-parasitic plants.

Read lesson note on Biological Fuel Generation (WAEC)

Biological Fuel Generation

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Question 27 Report

The following substances pass into the blood of the foetus from the mother's blood via the placenta except

carbon dioxide

glucose

viruses

antibodies

Answer Details

The placenta is an organ that connects the mother's blood supply to the developing foetus, allowing for the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products. Carbon dioxide and glucose are two examples of substances that pass from the mother's blood into the foetus's blood through the placenta. However, viruses do not pass from the mother's blood to the foetus's blood through the placenta. Similarly, antibodies, which are produced by the mother's immune system, can cross the placenta and provide passive immunity to the foetus against certain infections, so they also pass from the mother's blood to the foetus's blood through the placenta.

Read lesson note on Nitrogen Cycle (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Adaptation For Survival (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Soil (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Growth (JAMB)

Read lesson note on Alimentary System (WAEC)

Nitrogen Cycle

Adaptation For Survival

Soil

Growth

Alimentary System

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Question 28 Report

Which of the following organisms is not a social insect?

Termites

Ants

Grasshoppers

Bees

Answer Details

Grasshoppers are not social insects. Social insects are those that live in highly organized colonies or communities where there are divisions of labor, communication, and cooperation among individuals. Examples of social insects include termites, ants, and bees. Grasshoppers, on the other hand, are solitary insects that do not live in colonies or exhibit social behavior.

Read lesson note on Behavioural Adaptations In Social Animals (WAEC)

Behavioural Adaptations In Social Animals

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Question 29 Report

Active transport can be defined as the movement of

substances from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration

substances from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration across a living cell membrane

substances across a living cell membrane using energy from the cell

movement of molecules in a medium

Answer Details

Read lesson note on Properties And Functions Of The Living Cell (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Cell Structure (WAEC)

Properties And Functions Of The Living Cell

Cell Structure

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Question 30 Report

Which of the following processes is not a function of the mammalian skin?

Regulation of body temperature

Reception of external stimuli

Excretion

Gaseous exchange

Answer Details

Gaseous exchange is not a function of mammalian skin. Mammalian skin is made up of multiple layers, with the outermost layer being the epidermis, which is impermeable to gases. Therefore, it cannot facilitate gaseous exchange. Instead, gaseous exchange in mammals occurs through the respiratory system, which includes the lungs and associated structures. In contrast, the other options mentioned are all functions of the mammalian skin. The skin helps regulate body temperature through processes such as sweating and blood vessel dilation/contraction. The skin also contains sensory receptors that allow for the reception of external stimuli such as touch, pressure, and temperature. Additionally, the skin can excrete waste products such as salts, water, and small amounts of urea through sweat glands.

Read lesson note on Structural Adaptation For Survival (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Cell Structure (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Excretion (JAMB)

Structural Adaptation For Survival

Cell Structure

Excretion

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Question 31 Report

Which of the following statement is not a reason for banning bush burning? It

allows for quick regrowth of grasses

Kills soil microorganisms.

leaves the soil bare of vegetation

burns off organic soil nutrients

Answer Details

The correct answer is "allows for quick regrowth of grasses". This statement does not provide a reason for banning bush burning. In fact, it suggests that bush burning could be beneficial for the regrowth of grasses. However, the other options provide reasons for banning bush burning, such as killing soil microorganisms, leaving the soil bare of vegetation, and burning off organic soil nutrients.

Read lesson note on Biology And Water Industry (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Resources To Be Conserved: Soil, Water, Wildlife, Forest And Minerals (WAEC)

Biology And Water Industry

Resources To Be Conserved: Soil, Water, Wildlife, Forest And Minerals

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Question 32 Report

The amount of starch in a germinating seed decreases because the starch is used up

for respiration and building up of cells

to build cellulose cell wall

to develop meristematic tissues

for the production of enzymes

Answer Details

During germination, the embryo in a seed grows into a new plant. In order for the embryo to grow, it needs energy and building materials. The energy is obtained through respiration, which breaks down stored food molecules such as starch into smaller molecules that can be used by the plant. Therefore, the starch in the seed is used up as a source of energy for respiration and for building new cells as the plant grows. This is why the amount of starch in a germinating seed decreases. The other options, building cellulose cell wall, developing meristematic tissues, and producing enzymes, may require energy and building materials, but do not directly lead to the breakdown of starch.

Read lesson note on Cellular Respiration (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Cell Structure (WAEC)

Cellular Respiration

Cell Structure

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Question 33 Report

In which of the following yam tissues will osmosis occur?

Boiled and peeled

Raw and peeled

Boiled and unpeeled

Roasted and peeled

Answer Details

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration through a semi-permeable membrane. In the context of yam tissues, osmosis will occur in those tissues that are separated from their environment by a semi-permeable membrane. Out of the given options, the tissues that are most likely to undergo osmosis are the raw and peeled yam tissues. This is because the raw yam tissues have intact cell membranes which act as semi-permeable membranes, allowing the movement of water molecules in and out of the cells through osmosis. Additionally, peeling the yam removes the waxy cuticle layer which further enhances the permeability of the cell membrane to water molecules. On the other hand, boiling and roasting alter the cell structure of the yam tissues, making them less likely to undergo osmosis. Boiling and roasting cause the cell walls to rupture and lose their semi-permeable nature, which makes it difficult for water molecules to move in and out of the cells through osmosis. In summary, osmosis is most likely to occur in the raw and peeled yam tissues, as they have intact cell membranes that act as semi-permeable membranes. The boiled and unpeeled yam tissues may also undergo osmosis, but to a lesser extent due to the alteration of the cell walls caused by boiling. The roasted and peeled yam tissues are the least likely to undergo osmosis due to the complete alteration of the cell structure caused by roasting.

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Question 34 Report

The excretory product in protozoans is

amino acid

uric acid

ammonia

urea

Answer Details

Protozoans are single-celled organisms that carry out various life processes. Like other living things, they produce waste products, which must be excreted from their bodies to maintain the proper internal environment. The excretory product in protozoans is usually ammonia, a compound that is produced when proteins are broken down during cellular metabolism. Ammonia is highly toxic to cells and needs to be excreted quickly to avoid damaging the organism. Therefore, protozoans have specialized structures that help them get rid of excess ammonia, such as contractile vacuoles or diffusion through the cell membrane. Other excretory products such as urea, uric acid or amino acids are commonly found in more complex organisms with more advanced excretory systems.

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Question 35 Report

l. Fertilizer II. Insecticides III. Sewage IV. Crude oil V. Sulphur dioxide. The atmosphere can polluted by

l only

lll only

lV only

ll and lV only

Answer Details

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Question 36 Report

The following habitats can be found in West Africa except

mangrove swamp

sahel savanna

savanna grassland

temperate grassland

Answer Details

The correct option is "temperate grassland". West Africa is known for its diverse ecological zones, which include mangrove swamps, Sahel savanna, and savanna grassland. However, temperate grasslands are not found in West Africa. Temperate grasslands are typically located in regions with a continental climate and moderate rainfall, such as the Great Plains in North America, the Pampas in South America, and the steppes of Eurasia. They are characterized by vast expanses of grasses and few trees, with hot summers and cold winters. In contrast, West Africa is located near the equator and has a tropical climate, with high temperatures and distinct wet and dry seasons.

Read lesson note on Local (Nigerian) Biomes (JAMB)

Read lesson note on Natural Habitats (JAMB)

Read lesson note on Ecosystem (WAEC)

Local (Nigerian) Biomes

Natural Habitats

Ecosystem

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Question 37 Report

Which of the following diseases can be inherited?

pneumonia

AIDS

sickle cell anaemia

goitre

Answer Details

Out of the options given, sickle cell anemia is the disease that can be inherited. Sickle cell anemia is an inherited genetic disorder that affects the red blood cells. It is caused by a mutation in the HBB gene that provides instructions for making a protein called hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood. In sickle cell anemia, the mutation leads to the production of abnormal hemoglobin, which causes the red blood cells to become rigid, sticky and sickle-shaped. These cells can block small blood vessels, leading to pain, organ damage, and other complications. Sickle cell anemia is an example of an inherited disease, meaning it is passed down from parent to child through their genes.

Read lesson note on Heredity (JAMB)

Heredity

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Question 38 Report

The following adaptations are associated with the flight of birds except

reduced body weight

streamlined shape

presence of powerful muscles

clawed digits

Answer Details

Among the adaptations listed, the one that is not associated with the flight of birds is "clawed digits." Birds have evolved many adaptations to enable them to fly, including reduced body weight, streamlined shape, and powerful muscles. Reducing body weight makes it easier for birds to take off and stay in the air, while their streamlined shape reduces air resistance and allows for more efficient flight. Birds also have powerful muscles that enable them to flap their wings and generate lift. However, clawed digits are not necessary for flight and are not typically associated with this adaptation. Instead, birds have evolved specialized feet and toes that are adapted for perching, walking, and capturing prey.

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Read lesson note on Excretion (JAMB)

Structural Adaptation For Survival

Excretion

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Question 39 Report

Which of the following traits is not a morphological variation in humans?

Ability to taste PTC

Colour

Fingerprints

Size

Answer Details

The trait that is not a morphological variation in humans is the ability to taste PTC. PTC is a chemical substance that is either bitter or tasteless to people depending on their genetic makeup. While colour, fingerprints, and size are physical traits that can vary among individuals, the ability to taste PTC is not a visible or physical characteristic. Instead, it is determined by a person's genetic makeup, specifically a gene called TAS2R38. Therefore, the ability to taste PTC is not considered a morphological variation, but rather a genetic variation.

Read lesson note on Physiological Variations (WAEC)

Physiological Variations

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Question 40 Report

In dihybrid inheritance, Mendel considered

a pair of contrasting characters

two pairs of contrasting characters

three pairs of contrasting characters

four pairs of contrasting characters

Answer Details

In dihybrid inheritance, Mendel considered two pairs of contrasting characters. This means that he studied how two different traits, each with two different variations, are inherited together. For example, he studied pea plants that had different colors for their seeds (yellow or green) and different shapes for their pods (inflated or constricted). By studying how these traits were passed down from generation to generation, Mendel was able to develop his laws of inheritance, which are still used today to understand how traits are passed down from parents to their offspring.

Read lesson note on Chromosomes: The Basis Of Heredity (WAEC)

Chromosomes: The Basis Of Heredity

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Question 41 Report

In the diagram, the part labelled II is the

nucleus

eyespot

basal granule

contractile

Answer Details

The part labelled II in the diagram is the contractile vacuole. A contractile vacuole is an organelle found in certain unicellular organisms that helps to regulate water content within the cell. It works by actively pumping excess water out of the cell, which helps to prevent the cell from bursting due to osmotic pressure. The contractile vacuole is easily identified in the diagram due to its spherical shape and proximity to the cell membrane.

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Question 42 Report

Which of the following is a living organism?

Muscle

Nucleus

Yeast

Mitochondrion

Answer Details

Yeast is a living organism. Yeast is a type of fungus that belongs to the Kingdom Fungi. It is a unicellular organism, meaning it is made up of a single cell, and it can reproduce asexually by budding. Yeast is commonly used in baking and brewing because it can convert sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide through a process called fermentation. In addition to being used in food production, yeast is also used in scientific research as a model organism to study genetics and cell biology.

Read lesson note on Protein Synthesis (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Amoeba, Paramecium, And Euglena (WAEC)

Protein Synthesis

Amoeba, Paramecium, And Euglena

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Question 43 Report

The part of a leguminous plant where bacteria like Azotobacter can be found is

at the nodes of the stem

at the internodes

in the root nodules

in the spongy mesophyll

Answer Details

Bacteria like Azotobacter are found in the root nodules of leguminous plants. Leguminous plants, such as beans, peas, and peanuts, have a symbiotic relationship with certain bacteria, including Azotobacter. The bacteria are able to take nitrogen gas from the air and convert it into a form of nitrogen that the plant can use for growth, in exchange for carbohydrates that the plant produces. The root nodules of the leguminous plant provide a suitable environment for the bacteria to live and carry out this process, which is important for the growth and development of the plant. Therefore, the correct option is "in the root nodules".

Read lesson note on Nitrogen Cycle (WAEC)

Nitrogen Cycle

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Question 44 Report

The purpose of treating poor soil with lime is to increase the quantity of

nitrogen

phosphorus

carbohydrates

sulphur

Answer Details

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