Cell Cycle

The diagram above is an illustration of a stage in a biological process. Study it and answer this question

What stage of cell division is illustrated in the diagram?

Answer Details

The stage of cell division illustrated in the diagram is Metaphase. Metaphase is the second stage of mitosis, which is the process of cell division that results in the formation of two daughter cells from a single parent cell. In metaphase, the chromosomes, which were duplicated in the previous stage (prophase), line up along the equator of the cell, called the metaphase plate. In the diagram, we can see that the chromosomes are aligned in the middle of the cell, which is characteristic of metaphase. The spindle fibers, which attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes and pull them apart in the next stage (anaphase), are also visible in the diagram. During metaphase, the chromosomes are at their most condensed and visible under a microscope. This allows for the accurate separation of genetic material between the two daughter cells during the subsequent stages of cell division. After metaphase, the cell progresses to anaphase, where the spindle fibers pull the sister chromatids of each chromosome apart to opposite poles of the cell. Finally, in telophase, the cell divides into two daughter cells, each with its own set of chromosomes.

Which of the following statements is true regarding cell growth?

Answer Details

Cell growth refers to the increase in size and mass of a cell. It is an essential process for living organisms as it allows them to develop and maintain healthy bodily functions. Now, let's address each statement and determine which one is true. 1. **Cell growth is solely influenced by external factors:** This statement is not true. While external factors such as nutrients, temperature, and pH can influence cell growth, it is not solely dependent on them. Internal factors, such as the genetic makeup of the cell and its ability to respond to signals, also play a crucial role in cell growth. 2. **Cell growth is a continuous process throughout the life of a cell:** This statement is also not true. Cell growth is generally a controlled process and takes place at specific times during the cell's life cycle. In some cases, cells can even stop growing and enter a state of dormancy or apoptosis (programmed cell death). So, cell growth is not continuous throughout the life of a cell. 3. **Cell growth involves an increase in the number of organelles within a cell:** This statement is partially true. While cell growth can involve an increase in the number of organelles within a cell, it is not the only factor. Cell growth also includes an increase in the size and volume of organelles, as well as the synthesis of new proteins and genetic material. 4. **Cell growth occurs by cell division:** This statement is true. Cell growth most commonly occurs through cell division, where a single cell divides into two daughter cells. This process, known as mitosis, allows for cell multiplication and subsequent growth of tissues and organs in multicellular organisms. In conclusion, the true statement regarding cell growth is that it occurs by cell division. However, it is important to note that cell growth is not solely influenced by external factors and is not a continuous process throughout the life of a cell. It involves not only an increase in the number of organelles but also an increase in their size and volume.