JAMB UTME - Islamic Religious Studies - 2022

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The initial idea to preserve the Glorious Qur'an was mooted by Abu Bakr As-Saddiq, who was the first Caliph (leader) of the Muslim community after the death of the Prophet Muhammad. After the Prophet's death, many Muslims who had memorized the Qur'an died in the wars of apostasy. To prevent the loss of the Qur'an, Abu Bakr ordered the collection of all the verses that had been revealed to the Prophet and had been written down by his companions. This was done by Zaid b. Thabit, who was a close companion of the Prophet and one of the foremost Quranic scholars of his time. The collected verses were then compiled into a single book, known as the Mushaf, which became the standard text of the Qur'an.

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The pre-Islamic practice of shigar was a custom that involved the exchange of sisters in wedlock between two different families or tribes. Essentially, this meant that a man from one family would marry a woman from another family, and in exchange, his sister would be married to a man from the other family. This practice was seen as a way to strengthen ties between the two families or tribes, but it was also seen as a form of exploitation and a violation of women's rights. Islam abolished this practice because it was considered to be unfair and demeaning to women. Instead, Islam emphasized the importance of free choice and consent in marriage, and encouraged marriages based on love, mutual respect, and shared values. In Islamic tradition, marriage is seen as a sacred and joyful union between two people who choose to be together, and the practice of shigar is no longer considered to be a legitimate or acceptable form of marriage.

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Seeking assistance from fortune tellers or any other forms of divination is forbidden in Islam because it goes against the fundamental belief in the absolute power and knowledge of Allah. By seeking knowledge of the future from fortune tellers, one is ascribing power to someone other than Allah, and this is considered a form of shirk, or polytheism, in Islam. Islam teaches that only Allah has absolute knowledge of the unseen, including knowledge of the future, and seeking such knowledge from any other source is considered an act of disobedience and disbelief. Furthermore, seeking knowledge of the future from fortune tellers can create false hopes and expectations, which may lead to disappointment, confusion, and even despair. In addition to being forbidden, seeking knowledge of the future from fortune tellers or any other forms of divination is considered a major sin in Islam. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, "Whoever goes to a fortune-teller and asks him about anything, his prayer will not be accepted for forty days" (Muslim). This indicates that seeking knowledge of the future from fortune tellers can also have negative spiritual consequences. Overall, seeking knowledge of the future from fortune tellers is forbidden in Islam because it goes against the fundamental belief in the absolute power and knowledge of Allah, and it can lead to spiritual and emotional harm.

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The 8th of Dhu al-Hijjah is known as Yawm al-Tarwiyah because it marks the day when the pilgrims in Hajj prepare themselves for the main day of Hajj, which is the 9th of Dhu al-Hijjah, also known as the Day of Arafah. Tarwiyah means "to quench thirst" or "to water", and it is named as such because in the past, pilgrims used to fill their water containers in Mina on this day in preparation for the day of Arafah. On the 8th of Dhu al-Hijjah, the pilgrims put on the Ihram clothing and proceed to Mina, a small town near Mecca, where they spend the night in tents. This is where the pilgrims rest and prepare for the rituals of Hajj that will take place the following day. Although no major Hajj rites are performed on the 8th of Dhu al-Hijjah, it is a significant day for Hajj pilgrims because it marks the beginning of the Hajj rituals, and it is a day of spiritual preparation and reflection for the pilgrims before the Day of Arafah. The pilgrims spend the night in Mina in preparation for the next day, where they will head to the plains of Arafah to perform the most important Hajj ritual, which is standing on the mountain of Arafat in supplication to Allah.

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The concept of accountability is specifically mentioned in the Quran and hence, an act of worship.

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Reference to a special night is made in Surat al-Qadr. Surat al-Qadr is the 97th chapter of the Qur'an and is named after the Arabic word for "power" or "decree." This chapter references a special night known as the Night of Power, which is considered to be one of the most holy and blessed nights in Islam. The Night of Power is believed to have taken place during the last ten days of the month of Ramadan, and it is believed that on this night the first verses of the Qur'an were revealed to the Prophet Muhammad. The Surat al-Qadr emphasizes the importance of this night and encourages Muslims to seek its blessings and to spend it in prayer and devotion.

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The Nisab is important because it is the basis of "zakat", which is one of the five pillars of Islam. Zakat is an obligatory charity that every eligible Muslim must pay to help those in need. The Nisab is the minimum threshold of wealth that a Muslim must possess before being required to pay Zakat. In other words, if a person's wealth exceeds the Nisab, they are obligated to pay Zakat. The Nisab amount is determined by the value of gold or silver and is updated regularly. This threshold ensures that Zakat is paid only by those who can afford it, and it helps to distribute wealth more fairly within the Muslim community.

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Imam Malik ibn Anas was born in the city of Madinah in what is now Saudi Arabia. He was born in the year 711 CE and lived in Madinah for most of his life. Imam Malik is known as one of the most important scholars of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) and hadith (the sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad). He is the eponym of the Maliki school of Islamic law, which is one of the four major schools of thought in Sunni Islam. Imam Malik's birthplace of Madinah was a significant city in early Islamic history, as it was the site of the first Muslim community established by the Prophet Muhammad after his migration from Makkah. Madinah is also the location of the Prophet's Mosque, which is one of the most important sites in Islam and is visited by millions of Muslims from around the world each year.

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This is followed by iqra warabbukal Akram.

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Uthman b. Affan was a prominent companion of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and the third caliph of the Islamic Ummah. He was born into the Banu Umayyah clan of the Quraysh tribe in Mecca, which was a powerful and influential family in pre-Islamic Arabia. The Banu Umayyah were known for their wealth and status, and they held a prominent position in the affairs of Mecca. Uthman himself was known for his wealth and generosity, and he played a significant role in the early development of Islam. He was one of the first Muslims to migrate to Medina, and he was known for his close relationship with the Prophet Muhammad (SAW). Therefore, the correct answer to the question is that Uthman b. Affan was born into the family of Banu Umayyah, and not Banu Quraysh, Banu Sa'd, or Banu Qaynuqah.

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The statement above was made by Waraqah b. Nawfal. Waraqah b. Nawfal was a cousin of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and a scholar of the Christian scriptures. According to Islamic tradition, when Prophet Muhammad first received the revelation, he was deeply distressed and went to his wife, Khadija. She then took him to Waraqah, who recognized the signs of prophethood and confirmed to Muhammad that he was indeed a Prophet of Allah. The statement is Waraqah's response to Prophet Muhammad's description of the events that took place during his first revelation. Waraqah acknowledges the truth of Muhammad's prophethood and swears to support him in the face of the persecution that he knows is sure to come. Waraqah's words demonstrate his faith and dedication to the cause of Allah and his support for Prophet Muhammad in spreading the message of Islam.

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Excellent or sound traditions are grouped under Sahih.

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The devotee who intends to pray must also ensure the cleanliness of the place where they pray. This means that the area should be free of dirt and clutter and the floor should be clean. This creates a peaceful and respectful environment for prayer, which helps the devotee to focus and connect with their higher power.

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The quotation is from Surat al-Tin. The full quotation is "Surely, we created man of the best stature, then, we reduced him to the lowest of low save those who believe and good works." This verse appears in Surat al-Tin, which is the 95th chapter of the Quran. Surat al-Tin is a short chapter that contains only 8 verses, and it discusses the nature of human beings and the importance of good deeds. The verse is a reminder of the potential of human beings to achieve greatness and excellence, but also of their vulnerability to temptation and sin. It emphasizes that faith and good deeds are the means by which people can rise above their lower nature and fulfill their purpose in life.

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Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and Khadijah (may Allah be pleased with her) were blessed with six children, two sons and four daughters.

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Associating partners with Allah is unpardonable.

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The first revelation to the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) was Qur'an chapter 96:1-5, which is known as Surah Al-Alaq. According to Islamic tradition, the Angel Gabriel appeared to the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) while he was meditating in a cave on Mount Hira. The Angel Gabriel then commanded the Prophet to read, and the first five verses of Surah Al-Alaq were revealed to him. These verses contain the first divine message that was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and they speak about the importance of seeking knowledge and the consequences of rejecting it. The verses read: "Read! In the Name of your Lord, Who has created (all that exists), Has created man from a clot (a piece of thick coagulated blood). Read! And your Lord is the Most Generous, Who has taught (the writing) by the pen [the first person to write was Prophet Idrees (Enoch)]. Has taught man that which he knew not." (Quran 96:1-5) This event is known as the first revelation and marks the beginning of the prophethood of Muhammad (SAW).

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In Islamic belief, the blow of the trumpet at the time of resurrection is the duty of the angel Israfil. Israfil is one of the four archangels in Islamic tradition and is responsible for blowing the trumpet, also known as the Sur, at the time of resurrection. According to Islamic belief, when the trumpet is blown for the first time, all living beings on earth will die. When it is blown for the second time, all beings will be resurrected to stand before Allah for judgment. The Quran describes the event of the trumpet being blown in Surah Ya-Sin, "And the Horn will be blown; and at once from the graves to their Lord they will hasten" (Quran 36:51). Therefore, it is believed that the angel Israfil is responsible for blowing the trumpet at the time of resurrection, as it is his designated duty in Islamic theology.

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Khadijah married Muhammad (peace be upon him) at the age of 40. Khadijah was a wealthy businesswoman who was impressed by Muhammad's honesty and integrity, and she proposed marriage to him. At the time of their marriage, Muhammad was 25 years old and working as a trader in Khadijah's business. They were married for 25 years until Khadijah's death, and she was the first person to accept Islam and support the Prophet Muhammad in his mission. Their marriage was a strong and loving partnership that set a positive example for all future Muslim marriages.

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It occurs eight times in Suratul Kafirun.

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Mubah is an Arabic word that refers to actions that are considered to be permissible or allowed in Islam. These are actions that are not explicitly forbidden in the Qur'an or Hadith, and as such, they are not considered to be sinful or wrong. The acquisition of knowledge is considered to be a mubah action because it is encouraged and highly valued in Islam. By gaining knowledge, a person can improve their understanding of their faith and become a better person. On the other hand, actions such as smoking and shaking hands while greeting are not specifically defined as mubah or haram (forbidden) in Islamic teachings, but they may be discouraged or restricted based on the interpretation of different scholars.

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Out of 300,000 traditions collected by Imam Muslim, he selected 9,200.

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The correct meaning of Tafsir is a detailed explanation and commentary of the Glorious Qur'an. Tafsir involves the interpretation and explanation of the meanings of the verses of the Qur'an, including their linguistic, historical, and cultural contexts. Tafsir is an important field of Islamic scholarship, as it helps readers to understand the deeper meanings of the Qur'an and to apply its teachings to their daily lives. Tafsir can also shed light on the historical and cultural context in which the Qur'an was revealed, and can help to clarify any confusing or ambiguous passages. The process of Tafsir involves the use of a wide range of tools and techniques, including the study of Arabic grammar and syntax, the examination of historical and cultural contexts, and the comparison of different translations and interpretations of the Qur'an. Tafsir is typically carried out by Islamic scholars who have undergone extensive training in Islamic theology and law. Overall, Tafsir is an important discipline within the Islamic tradition, as it helps to deepen our understanding of the Qur'an and its teachings, and allows us to apply its timeless wisdom to our lives.

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One of the strong proofs of the authenticity of the Qur'an is that the like of it has not been produced by an individual or a group of people. This means that the Qur'an's unique style and content, including its language, expressions, themes, and message, cannot be replicated or matched by anyone. This has been widely acknowledged by scholars, linguists, and experts in the field, who have attempted to imitate the Qur'an's style but have failed to do so. This is considered as a miraculous proof of the Qur'an's divine origin and a testament to its authenticity.

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When the Angel Jibril first came to Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and asked him to recite, he replied with the words, "I cannot read" or "I am not a reader." This happened when the Prophet (SAW) was meditating in the cave of Hira before he received the first revelation from Allah. The Angel Jibril asked the Prophet (SAW) to recite the words of Allah, and he responded by saying that he was unable to read or recite. This answer showed the Prophet's (SAW) humility and his acknowledgement of his lack of knowledge and education. It also emphasized the divine nature of the message that he would later receive, which would be a miracle in itself. After this initial encounter, the Angel Jibril continued to come to the Prophet (SAW) with messages from Allah, which were later recorded in the form of the Qur'an. This event marked the beginning of the revelation of the Qur'an and the establishment of Islam as a religion.

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The principle of Ijbar refers to the right of a father or guardian to give out his daughter or ward in marriage without her consent. This principle is recognized in Islamic law but is subject to certain conditions.

One of the key conditions for the principle of Ijbar to be applicable is that the girl must have attained the age of maturity, which is generally considered to be around 9-10 years old. This means that the girl must be capable of understanding the implications of the marriage contract and the duties and responsibilities that come with it.

In addition, the father or guardian must ensure that the marriage is in the best interests of the girl and that the groom is a suitable match for her.

This includes considerations such as the groom's character, financial situation, and physical and mental health.

The consent of the mother is not a requirement for the principle of Ijbar, although it is generally recommended that the mother be consulted and informed about the marriage.

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The Dower (Sadaq) is a sum of money or other property which becomes. payable by the husband to the wife as an effect of marriage. The Quran ordains: "And give the women ( on marriage) their dower as a free gift." ( 4:4) In another. Hence it is the property of the wife.

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The waiting period of a divorced woman in Islam is called "iddah". It is a specific period of time during which a woman who has been divorced must wait before she can remarry or engage in any other sexual activity. The length of the iddah period varies depending on the circumstances of the divorce. If the divorce was initiated by the husband and he has not yet had sexual intercourse with his wife, the iddah period is three menstrual cycles. If the husband has had sexual intercourse with his wife, the iddah period is three menstrual cycles, or three lunar months (approximately 90 days). During the iddah period, the divorced woman is considered to be in a state of mourning and is not allowed to leave her home except for necessary reasons. The purpose of the iddah period is to ensure that the woman is not pregnant and to allow time for any potential reconciliation between the couple. In summary, iddah is the waiting period that a divorced woman must observe before she can remarry or engage in any other sexual activity. Its length depends on the circumstances of the divorce, and during this period, the woman is considered to be in a state of mourning and must remain in her home except for necessary reasons.

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Lawhul-Mahfudh is associated with the preservation of the Quranic text. In Islamic theology, Lawhul-Mahfudh refers to a heavenly tablet that contains the decrees of Allah. It is believed that the Quran was first inscribed on this tablet in its entirety, and then gradually revealed to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) over a period of 23 years. The Quran is considered to be the literal word of Allah, and its preservation is of utmost importance to Muslims. It is believed that the Quran has been preserved exactly as it was revealed, and that it is free from any errors or changes. The preservation of the Quran is ensured by both the Lawhul-Mahfudh and the meticulous efforts of Muslim scholars and memorizers who have passed the Quran down through generations. The Quran itself states, "Indeed, it is We who sent down the Qur'an and indeed, We will be its guardian" (Quran 15:9). This verse assures Muslims that Allah Himself is the guardian of the Quran and will ensure its preservation. Therefore, Lawhul-Mahfudh is associated with the preservation of the Quranic text, as it is believed that the Quran was first inscribed on this heavenly tablet before being revealed to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).

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Khadijah bint Khuwaylid is not a narrator of Hadith. Abu Hurayrah, Aisha bint Abi-Bakr, and Abu Sa'ad b. Malik are all famous companions of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and are known to have narrated many Hadiths. They were close companions of the Prophet and learned directly from him, and later transmitted his sayings and actions to others. However, Khadijah bint Khuwaylid, the first wife of the Prophet, did not narrate any Hadiths. This is not surprising, as she passed away before the Prophet started receiving revelations, and therefore did not have the opportunity to learn directly from him. While Khadijah is revered in Islamic tradition for her steadfast support of the Prophet, her role in Islamic scholarship is not as prominent as that of other companions who had the opportunity to learn directly from him. Therefore, among the given options, Khadijah bint Khuwaylid is the one who is not a narrator of Hadith.

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Umar is credited with having ordered the first collection of Hadith, in an official manner, fearing that some of it might be lost. Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad ibn Hazm and Ibn Shihab Al-Zuhri, were among those who compiled Hadith at Umar's behest.

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According to Hadith 34 of an-Nawawi, the weakest of faith is changing an evil with the heart. This hadith teaches that faith is not merely a matter of ritual observance, but also involves moral responsibility. It highlights the importance of actively resisting evil and promoting good in both our actions and our thoughts. The hadith states that the strongest level of faith is to change an evil with our hands, meaning to physically intervene and stop the wrongdoing. The next level of faith is to change an evil with our tongue, which involves speaking out against the wrongdoing. The weakest level of faith is to change an evil with our heart, which means recognizing the evil as wrong but not taking any action to stop it. Therefore, the weakest level of faith according to this hadith is changing an evil with the heart, where a person acknowledges that something is wrong but does not take any action to stop it. This highlights the importance of taking proactive steps to promote good and prevent evil, both in our actions and in our thoughts.

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Al-Quddus and Al-Mutakabbir are both names or attributes of Allah (SWT) in Islamic theology. Al-Quddus means "The Holy" or "The Pure," and is a name that emphasizes Allah's (SWT) absolute purity and perfection. It conveys the idea that Allah (SWT) is free from any imperfection, deficiency, or impurity, and is completely separate from all that is imperfect or impure. Al-Mutakabbir, on the other hand, means "The Exalted in Might" or "The Supreme." It highlights Allah's (SWT) supreme power and authority, and emphasizes His absolute sovereignty and dominance over all of creation. It conveys the idea that Allah (SWT) is the ultimate source of power and authority, and that all power and authority ultimately derives from Him. Therefore, the word that can be associated with Al-Mutakabbir is "exalted" or "supreme," as it conveys the idea of Allah's (SWT) absolute power and authority over all of creation. While "almighty" could also be a possible association for Al-Mutakabbir, it is more commonly associated with another of Allah's (SWT) names, Al-Aziz, which means "The Almighty." "Compeller" is not commonly associated with Al-Mutakabbir in Islamic theology.

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Malik b. Anas is not an author of Sihahus-Sitta. The term "Sihahus-Sitta" refers to the six most authentic collections of Hadith in Sunni Islam, and the authors are commonly known as the "Kutub al-Sittah" or the "Six Books". These six books are: 1. Sahih al-Bukhari, compiled by Imam Bukhari 2. Sahih Muslim, compiled by Muslim b. al-Hajjaj 3. Sunan Abu Dawud, compiled by Abu Dawud 4. Jami at-Tirmidhi, compiled by at-Tirmidhi 5. Sunan an-Nasa'i, compiled by an-Nasa'i 6. Sunan Ibn Majah, compiled by Ibn Majah Malik b. Anas is the author of the Muwatta, which is also a collection of Hadith but is not considered one of the Sihahus-Sitta.

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Absolute obedience to the Prophet's teachings is stated in An-Nawawi Hadith 41.

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Hadith is a collection of sayings, actions, and tacit approvals attributed to the Prophet Muhammad (SAW). These hadiths are classified based on their authenticity, accuracy, and reliability. The different classifications of hadith helps to distinguish between reliable and unreliable sources of information and to ensure that they follow the authentic teachings of the Prophet (SAW).

Therefore, the correct answer to the question is that all of the options listed - hasan, mawdu, sahih, and da'if - are classifications of hadith.

- "Hasan" refers to a hadith that is deemed to be good and acceptable.

- "mawdu" refers to a hadith that is fabricated or forged.

- "Sahih" refers to a hadith that is authentic and reliable, while

- "da'if" refers to a hadith that is weak or unreliable.

Each of these classifications has its own set of criteria, and scholars of hadith use these criteria to evaluate and classify different hadiths.

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The Miraj is associated with Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). The Miraj, also known as the Night Journey, was a spiritual journey that Prophet Muhammad took in one night from Mecca to Jerusalem and then to heaven. It is a significant event in Islamic history and is mentioned in the holy book of Islam, the Quran, and the Hadith (the sayings and actions of Prophet Muhammad). The Miraj is considered a miracle of Prophet Muhammad and is celebrated annually by Muslims during the holy month of Ramadan.

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The employment of scholars of Arabic as envoys by kings and emperors was one of the ways by which Islamic civilization was manifested in West Africa

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In the early part of Islam in West Africa, the ribat was primarily a center for religious propagation. A ribat was a type of Islamic religious institution that played an important role in the spread and development of Islam in West Africa. It was a place where Islamic scholars and students gathered to study and teach the religion, and where travelers and traders could find food and shelter. The ribat served as a hub for religious activities, including prayer, recitation of the Quran, and religious lectures. It also served as a center for the propagation of Islam to non-Muslims, as scholars and students would go out into the surrounding areas to teach and convert people to Islam. While some ribats may have also been involved in Sufi indoctrination, social reform, or fraternal movements, their primary function was to serve as centers for religious education and propagation.

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Abu Bakr, who was a close companion of the Prophet Muhammad and the first caliph of Islam, was nicknamed "as-Sadiq" due to his truthfulness. This nickname, which means "the truthful" in Arabic, was a testament to his reputation for being honest, sincere, and trustworthy in both his words and actions. Throughout his life, Abu Bakr was known for his unwavering commitment to speaking the truth, regardless of the circumstances or consequences. This quality was highly valued in Arabian culture and earned him widespread respect and admiration among the early Muslim community.